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Adolf Friðriksson Fornleifastofnun Íslands (FSI) (Institute of Archaeology in Iceland)
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ÍsleifThe Icelandic Archaeological Database
GHEA Open WorkshopUniversity of Maryland
Nov. 4 – 6, 2013
Fornleifastofnun Íslands (FSI) (Institute of Archaeology in Iceland)
Adolf Friðriksson
AtlantisThe Lost Empire
GHEA Open WorkshopUniversity of Maryland
Nov. 4 – 6, 2013
Fornleifastofnun Íslands (FSI) (Institute of Archaeology in Iceland)
Adlb Fhgise
Ísleif - archaeological survey in Iceland
• Data, Survey and Legislation• Previous archaeological surveys• Ísleif Database• Survey - Approach and methods• Using the data• Future Development
Legislation and Definition• An Archaeological Site: A Definition:From Classic (1907, 1968), To Socio-Economic (1989), To Landscapes (2001)
• 1907, 1968: ”Historic sites”, ruins of farms, churches, temples, assembly sites, enclosures, fishing booths, boat shelters, outlaw´s shelters, mounds, grave sites, caves, inscriptions.
• 1989: AND: Ruins of merchant sites, enclosures, shielings, peat-cutting sites, charcoal and iron making sites; old homefields and other cultivated fields, old roads, dams, bridges, fords, ferry sites, cairns, defence structures, mounds, pagan and christian grave sites, ship wrecks, sites 100 yrs or older... As well as:
Old assembly sites, alleged temples and ritual sites, haunted places and other ”locations relevant to tradition and folklore”
• 2001: + Cultural landscapes
Archaeological Survey in Iceland
1880-1910: - Archaeological remains from the “Settlement
Period”- Remains from the “Saga Age”Ca. 870 to 1250 AD.Historical Topography. Sources: Icelandic Sagas, The Book of
Settlements, Place-names, FolkloreCa. 1000 sites on record
Archaeological Survey
• 1910-1940: Protection of Sites and Monuments (ca. 750 sites)
• 1930-1980: Place-name surveys
• 1970-1990: Minor archaeological surveys
Ísleif – A Database of Archaeological Sites in Iceland
• 1994: New National Survey (FSI)• Low Tech – High Concept• Cheap and efficent methodology• Documents and archives survey• Field survey• Data entry, analysis and reports• Municipalities (hreppur)
• Ca. 50 types of sites (features), 80 functions.• Total number of sites in Iceland, est. 125.000.• A great number of sites damaged or destroyed.
Ísleif - Data Structure
• Level 1: Farm units (or Commons)Location, farm settlement history, environment,
farm boundaries, metadata.
• Level 2: Archaeological Site unitsType of feature, function, description, co-
ordinates, local topography, dimensions, condition, threat.
From 20 to 50 sites pr farm settlement.
The farm of Litla-Víðiker in Bárðardalur, NE-Iceland, Daniel Bruun: 1896.
Hvalfjörður, SW-IcelandBirna Lárusdóttir et al. 2001
A General Archaeological Survey
Ísleif – Quantity of Data
1994-1999 2000-2005 2006-20110
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Field Survey
Archive Survey
User Groups
• The Scientific Community - Archaeologists ...• Cultural Heritage Agencies• Municipalities /Planning Authorities• The General Public - Schools• Tourism
The Scientific Community
• Analysing Survey Data - Regional distribution - Comparative studies...• Preparing New Research Programmes• Contextual Information• Store additional data - Excavation records - Additional survey documentation
Specific Survey Targets:
Medieval boundary walls and enclosures in S-Þingeyjarsýsla, NE-Iceland.
O. Aldred, Á. Einarsson, O. Vésteinsson et al.
Targets: Alleged viking age burial sites in Dalir, W-Iceland
Cultural Heritage Management
Ísleif: Level of Threat – Source of Threat:• Road contstruction• Field levelling• Buildings• Mining• Erosion• Reforestation
• Scary Statistics• Policy, legislation
Archaeology and Tourism
• Iceland: “World of natural wonders”• Growth of tourism: 11% pr year since 1990.• Early Spring: 2013, 2nd Qtr: 29,5% growth.• Total number of archaeological sites in tourism:
10.• Total number of archaeological sites in Iceland: 125.000.• Future: A role for archaeology in tourism.
The General Public - Schools
Ísleif: 200 enquiries pr. year• Local tourists• Local history• Family history• MediaAnd....• Crack-pots and the lunatic fringe
Atlantis?Thingvellir Survey 2003
Lake Thingvallavatn
Thingvellir Data Entry 2013
Atlantis – the lost empire, approx. 10.000 BC
Ísleif site code ÁR-324:022
Ísleif, availability and access
Field reports, in Icelandic = 500 reports
Data available on-line = 0Ísleif
Accessible
Ísleif, Off-line = information on 5.990 farms, 95.500 sites
Data available in English = 0
Ísleif – the lost empire
Future work:• Ísleif on-line• English version• Linking up with other data collections for North-Atlantic research
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