Innovation Development Process Storyboard Week 10 B

Innovation-Innovation-Development Development

ProcessProcessJane DeWitt

Walden UniversityEDUC 7101-Diffusion and

Integration of Technology in Education

October 2, 2009Dr. Jock Schorger

Feeling Overwhelmed?

Decoding Difficulties?

Can’t follow lectures?

Want to review material anywhere?

Got an iPod? Have access to the

internet?

Try Podcasting

Podcasting Podcasting in the in the

Educational SettingEducational Setting Personalized, on-

demand multi-media content

Encourages and supports independent learning

Directly linked to lecture activities

(Laing, Wootton & Irons, 2006)

Background InformationBackground InformationThe “Podfather”

2003Two Entrepreneurs

Dave Winerand

Adam Currycredited with the

creation of PODCASTING

http://images.businessweek.com/ss/05/12/bestleaders/image/curry.jpg

http://blog.lib.umn.edu/buckn018/communication/winer%201.jpg

The NeedThe Need Disengaged learners

Outdated texts Limitations of face-

to-face learning Confinement related

to the conventional learning environment

Created a need to provide the digital native a format for time-shift content that is current and

supportive of course curriculum

Research: The iPodResearch: The iPodOn October 23, 2001

Project Codename Dulcimer Apple Computers publicly announced

their portable music digital player the iPod.

The iPod was announced several months after the release of iTunes, a program that converted audio CDs into compressed digital audio files, and could organize your digital music collection..

Tony FadellTony Fadell The father of the iPod Former employee of General Magic and

Phillips Wanted to invent a better MP3 player. Apple supported his project Went to work for Apple Computers in

2001 as an independent contractor Lead a team of thirty people to develop

the new MP3 player. .

The The iPodiPod

The first generation iPods had scroll wheels that physically rotated.

Post 2003 iPods (third generation) have touch sensitive wheels.

Fourth generation (2004) iPods have buttons integrated onto the wheel.

http://greenisthenewinternet.com/images/1st_gen_ipod.jpg

PodcastingPodcasting September 2000- The first system that

enabled the selection, automatic downloading and storage of serial episodic audio content on PCs and portable devices was launched

October 2000 - The concept of using enclosures in RSS Feeds was proposed

The idea was implemented by Dave Winer, a software developer and an author of the RSS format

Winer had received customer requests for audioblogging and discussed idea with Adam Curry

PodcastingPodcasting January 2001 - RSS enclosure feature

demonstrated by enclosing a song in the Scripting News weblog

June 2003 - Stephen Downes demonstrated aggregation and syndication of audio files in his Ed Radio application

February 2004- The term "podcasting" was one of several terms for portable listening to audioblogs

PodcastingPodcasting

November 2004 - Podcasting networks started to appear on the scene with podcasters affiliating with one another

June 2005-Apple staked its claim on the medium by adding podcasting to its iTunes

Development ConcernsDevelopment Concerns First two years saw relatively few users Many developers avoided using it. Legal concerns regarding the audio content

(Matthews, 2006) Winer's company incorporated the new feature

in its weblogging product, Radio Userland All that was needed for "podcasting" was a

way to automatically move audio files from download folder to an audio player (either software or hardware) -- along with enough compelling audio to make such automation worth the trouble

Intended AudienceIntended Audience

Business Education News Music Videos Effective tool in e-learning

CommercializationCommercialization

Podcasting

distribution

audience 50

million by

end of decade (Matthews, 2006)

1900s

1990s

2000s

Innovation-Decision Innovation-Decision ProcessProcess

KnowledgeKnowledgeWhat is

Podcasting?

How does it work?

Is it really that easy?

http://nkilkenny.wordpress.com/2007/01/06/

Innovation-Decision Innovation-Decision ProcessProcess

PersuasionPersuasion Combines iPod and broadcasting Ease of publication Ease of subscription Ease of use across multiple

environments Anywhere, anytime mobile learning Provides 21st century learning

Innovation-Decision Innovation-Decision ProcessProcessDecisionDecision

Most homes have a personal computer

Access to the internet Surf the World Wide

Web Download information or

music Read or write blogs Tap into podcasts Adopt the innovation

Innovation-Decision Innovation-Decision ProcessProcess

ImplementationImplementationDive InDive In Create digital content

Give students the digital tools to get the content

Play it back…Anytime Anywhere Reference information Read/write blogs Stay competitive Raise school profile

Innovation-Decision Innovation-Decision ProcessProcess

ConfirmationConfirmation Teachers and students share in creation of

podcast Students create podcasts to review

material Podcasts provide alternate learning

environment for those unable to attend brick-n-mortar school

Students share globally Teachers and students are developing 21st

century skills

http://www.skydeckcartoons.com/brandcamp/070226.adoption.jpg

Wikipedia.org

Predicted Growth of Podcast Users between 2004 and 2010Source: TDG Press Release (2007)

Perceived Perceived AttributeAttribute

ssofof

iPods and iPods and PodcastinPodcastin

ggin the in the

EducatioEducational nal

SettingSetting

As educators we need a repertoire of teaching

strategies that span the repertoire of

needs that our students have.

(Dede, Laureate Education Inc., 2008)

Podcasting has been adopted Podcasting has been adopted by innovators and early by innovators and early

adopters, but is just adopters, but is just beginning to be used by the beginning to be used by the early early mainstream audience audience

….James Lewin, 2009

Who are the Innovators?Who are the Innovators?

Adam CurryAdam Curry Tristan Louis Tristan Louis Dave WinerDave Winer Collaborated in 2001Collaborated in 2001 Used RSS technology and their Used RSS technology and their

media content to provide the media content to provide the first podcast prototypefirst podcast prototype

Who were the Early Who were the Early Adopters?Adopters?

Web bloggers desiring a way to stream audible blogs

Professionals People in the field of technology News media personnel College Professors Students

Why Adopt?Why Adopt?Relative AdvantageRelative Advantage

According to Rogers, the idea of relative advantage is the degree to which an innovation is perceived as better than the idea it supersedes.

Expressed as: Economic Profitability

Social Prestige

(Rogers, 2003, p.229).

Who Podcasts?Who Podcasts? 49% female, 51% male. % female, 51% male. All ages. More listeners 55+ than in the 18-24 All ages. More listeners 55+ than in the 18-24

age group. age group. Well-educated. Twice as many podcast users Well-educated. Twice as many podcast users

have advanced degrees as others. have advanced degrees as others. Well-to-do. Podcast users are twice as likely to Well-to-do. Podcast users are twice as likely to

have incomes over 100K and nearly twice as have incomes over 100K and nearly twice as likely to have incomes between 75K and 100K. likely to have incomes between 75K and 100K.

Wired – spending more than 50% more time Wired – spending more than 50% more time online. online.

More than twice as likely to own an iPod or More than twice as likely to own an iPod or other portable media player. other portable media player.

More than twice as likely to own video gaming More than twice as likely to own video gaming systems. systems.

Who are the Laggards?Who are the Laggards?

People not “connected” People not “connected” People fearful of downloading materialPeople fearful of downloading material K-12 School Administrators concerned K-12 School Administrators concerned

with liability issueswith liability issues Parents concerned about safety and Parents concerned about safety and

content of material downloadedcontent of material downloaded Instructors not comfortable with Instructors not comfortable with

integrating technologyintegrating technology

Moving the Laggards into Moving the Laggards into the Podcasting Erathe Podcasting Era

Compatibility…The perception of podcasting needs to be consistent with the existing values, past experiences, and needs of potential adopters

Trialability…Allow potential adopters the opportunity to experiment with podcasting to better determine that it can be a valuable educational tool. .

(Rogers, 2003)(Rogers, 2003)

Adoption of InnovationAdoption of InnovationDecentralized Diffusion Approach

The integration of iPods and Podcasting will diffuse into the middle school

environment via a peer network in a relatively spontaneous fashion.

Innovations diffused in this manner are

more likely to fit the users’ needs and

problems, allowing the users a sense of control and able to make key decisions.

(Rogers, 2003, p.398)

Key Change AgentsKey Change Agents

Technology Instructors Media Center Specialist

Innovative Instructors currently utilizing

technology in the classroom

Effecting Positive Social Effecting Positive Social ChangeChange

1.1. Develop a need for change-Develop a need for change- the media the media specialist can initiate change by pointing out specialist can initiate change by pointing out new alternatives that create a more learner new alternatives that create a more learner centered classroom during orientationcentered classroom during orientation

2.2. Establish an Information Exchange Establish an Information Exchange Relationship-Relationship- Once the need for change Once the need for change has been created, the media specialist can has been created, the media specialist can begin to develop rapport with key begin to develop rapport with key instructors within the buildinginstructors within the building

3.3. To Diagnose Problems-To Diagnose Problems- Key staff members Key staff members can help determine why existing alternatives can help determine why existing alternatives do not meet their needsdo not meet their needs

4.4. Create an Intent to Change in the Create an Intent to Change in the Client- Client- The key staff members develop an The key staff members develop an action plan to motivate interests in using action plan to motivate interests in using iPods and PodcastingiPods and Podcasting

5.5. Translate an Intent into Action- Translate an Intent into Action- Key Key members build near-peer support groups to members build near-peer support groups to begin using iPods and Podcasting, allowing begin using iPods and Podcasting, allowing time to teach interested facultytime to teach interested faculty

6.6. Stabilize Adoption and Prevent Stabilize Adoption and Prevent DiscontinuanceDiscontinuance

Key members reinforce those members Key members reinforce those members that have begun using the new technologythat have begun using the new technology

7. 7. Achieve a Terminal Relationship- Achieve a Terminal Relationship- Key Key members, through training and support members, through training and support create self-sufficient userscreate self-sufficient users

Critical Mass occurs Critical Mass occurs at the point at which at the point at which enough individuals enough individuals in a system have in a system have

adopted an adopted an innovation so that innovation so that the innovation’s the innovation’s further rate of further rate of

adoption becomes adoption becomes self-sustainingself-sustaining

(Rogers, 2003, p.363)(Rogers, 2003, p.363)

http://rumorsweretrue.files.wordpress.com/2006/11/http://rumorsweretrue.files.wordpress.com/2006/11/flashrave.jpgflashrave.jpg

While the iPod and While the iPod and Podcasting have attained Podcasting have attained critical mass in society critical mass in society they have not fully met they have not fully met their potential in the their potential in the educational environment. educational environment.

Target highly respected staff members in the initial implementation of the iPod and Podcasting technology.

Make it interactive and keep the members engaged

Make the iPod and Podcasting a desirable commodity

http://www.pakalil.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/motivation-circle.png

Defining the NeedDefining the NeedAction and Action and reaction, ebb reaction, ebb and flow, trial and flow, trial

and error, and error, change - this is change - this is the rhythm of the rhythm of living. Out of living. Out of

our over-our over-confidence, confidence,

fear; out of our fear; out of our fear, clearer fear, clearer vision, fresh vision, fresh

hope. And out of hope. And out of hope, progress. hope, progress.

Bruce Barton

Anywhere, Anytime Access to Learning

Creates 21st Century Learners Eliminates outdated texts Allows for collaboration Meets ADA guidelines by

providing material in varying sources

Optimizes study time

Education is not the filling of a pail, but the lighting of a fire.

William Butler Yeats

ReferencesReferencesBeam, A. (2006, May 26). bickering among the 'pod squad. The

Boston Globe, Retrieved from http://www.boston.com/news/globe/living/articles/2005/05/26/bickering_among_thepod_squad/.

Bellis, M. (2009). The History of apple computers. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/cstartinventions/a/Apple_Computers.htm.

Bellis, M. (2009). History of mp3. Retrieved from http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/MPThree.htm..

Laing, C., Wootton, A., & Irons, A. (2006). Ipod! ulearn!. Current Developments in Technology-Assisted Education, Retrieved from http://www.formatex.org/micte2006/pdf/514-518.pdf

Matthews, K. (2006). Research into podcasting technology Matthews, K. (2006). Research into podcasting technology including current and possible future uses. including current and possible future uses. http://mms.ecs.soton.ac.uk/2007/papers/32.pdf. http://mms.ecs.soton.ac.uk/2007/papers/32.pdf.

ReferencesReferenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audioblogginghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audioblogging

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RSS