History & Basic Structure of the Internet

The History of the InternetThe History of the Internet

History of the Internet andthe World Wide WebHistory of the Internet andthe World Wide Web II nternet vs. ii nternet

An internet (small “i”) refers to any network of computers

The Internet (large “I”) is a specific name Given to the communication network comprised

of hundreds of thousands of inter-connected networks

II nternet vs. ii nternet An internet (small “i”) refers to any network

of computers

The Internet (large “I”) is a specific name Given to the communication network comprised

of hundreds of thousands of inter-connected networks

History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./

The Internet is not a new development After the Russian’s

launched Sputnik, the first satellite, the U.S. panicked.

The Internet is not a new development After the Russian’s

launched Sputnik, the first satellite, the U.S. panicked.

Created Advanced Research Projects Created Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Agency (ARPA)

The Department of Defense got together with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and created… ARPAnet (Advanced Research

Projects Agency) to develop an alternative communication system that could enable the military to function in the event of a nuclear strike.

The Department of Defense got together with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and created… ARPAnet (Advanced Research

Projects Agency) to develop an alternative communication system that could enable the military to function in the event of a nuclear strike.

ARPANetARPANet

1970’s brought about Stanford University’s testing and development of early internet protocols Vinton Cerf -- Father of the Internet

1980’s & National Science Foundation NSF obtained control of network for

government and educational use

1970’s brought about Stanford University’s testing and development of early internet protocols Vinton Cerf -- Father of the Internet

1980’s & National Science Foundation NSF obtained control of network for

government and educational use

Also in the 1980’s: Tim Berners-Lee of CERN

(European Laboratory of Particle Physics) began working on WWW Created software for world-wide

interconnectivity called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Written as an “…Internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing.”

Also in the 1980’s: Tim Berners-Lee of CERN

(European Laboratory of Particle Physics) began working on WWW Created software for world-wide

interconnectivity called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)

Written as an “…Internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing.”

Internet TodayInternet Today

Internet surfing -- pre-browser era Before the Web, information retrieval was

accomplished through a number of complicated steps and commands Difficult Time consuming Required greater-than-normal understanding of

computing in order to operate

“Private” until 1993 with the birth of Mosaic

Internet surfing -- pre-browser era Before the Web, information retrieval was

accomplished through a number of complicated steps and commands Difficult Time consuming Required greater-than-normal understanding of

computing in order to operate

“Private” until 1993 with the birth of Mosaic

How the Internet and the Web workHow the Internet and the Web work The internet as a Packet-Switched

network Bundles of data are broken up, transmitted,

and reassembled at the other end Transmitted data are mixed together with

all the other data on the internet until it reaches it final destination

The internet as a Packet-Switched network Bundles of data are broken up, transmitted,

and reassembled at the other end Transmitted data are mixed together with

all the other data on the internet until it reaches it final destination

How the Internet and the Web workHow the Internet and the Web work

How the Internet and the Web work /cont./

Data flows through the internet via many interconnected computers

Clients, Servers, and Routers Clients: Originating User’s Computer Server: Powerful, Continuous Internet

Access Router: Computers that link networks

together

Data flows through the internet via many interconnected computers

Clients, Servers, and Routers Clients: Originating User’s Computer Server: Powerful, Continuous Internet

Access Router: Computers that link networks

together

TCP/IP Sets definitions for how data transmission

takes place. TCP (Transmission Control Protocols)

Defines how computers communicate with each other

IP (Internet Protocols) Tells routers how to reassemble data packets

TCP/IP Sets definitions for how data transmission

takes place. TCP (Transmission Control Protocols)

Defines how computers communicate with each other

IP (Internet Protocols) Tells routers how to reassemble data packets

Several types of Internet Protocols: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

WWW Documents WAIS (Wide Area Info System Protocol)

Rules for accessing text-only file indices FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Data transfer from one computer to another Telnet (Terminal Emulation Protocol)

Used when logging into another system

Several types of Internet Protocols: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

WWW Documents WAIS (Wide Area Info System Protocol)

Rules for accessing text-only file indices FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Data transfer from one computer to another Telnet (Terminal Emulation Protocol)

Used when logging into another system

Connecting to the InternetConnecting to the Internet

Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) Flashnet, EV1, PDQ.net

A company that provides the connection between remote locations and the internet

The two most important ISP Services: Fast, reliable service with no busy signals Reliable email delivery in less than 5 minutes

Individuals pay a monthly subscription rate for permission to dial-in to their server

Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) Flashnet, EV1, PDQ.net

A company that provides the connection between remote locations and the internet

The two most important ISP Services: Fast, reliable service with no busy signals Reliable email delivery in less than 5 minutes

Individuals pay a monthly subscription rate for permission to dial-in to their server

Connecting to the Internet /cont./Connecting to the Internet /cont./

Online Services AOL, CompuServe, Prodigy

ISP’s on steroids Provide extra services in addition to the plain “net

connection” On-line databases Govt. and Commercial information Search engines Many Online Services provide their own browsers

Online Services AOL, CompuServe, Prodigy

ISP’s on steroids Provide extra services in addition to the plain “net

connection” On-line databases Govt. and Commercial information Search engines Many Online Services provide their own browsers

Internet Addresses InterNIC

Domain Name registration Sets rules Assigns IP Addresses Organizes participant categories

Universities, Businesses Networks, Organizations Military, Government

Internet Addresses InterNIC

Domain Name registration Sets rules Assigns IP Addresses Organizes participant categories

Universities, Businesses Networks, Organizations Military, Government

First-Level Domain Extender a.k.a. Top-Level Domain

Thee letter code added to each address (e.g.: .COM)

Com = commercial Edu = education (university) Gov = Government Mil = Military Net = Network support company Org = nonprofit, nongov. organization

First-Level Domain Extender a.k.a. Top-Level Domain

Thee letter code added to each address (e.g.: .COM)

Com = commercial Edu = education (university) Gov = Government Mil = Military Net = Network support company Org = nonprofit, nongov. organization

Every person given access to the internet is assigned an IP Address Unique to each user Serves as a locator

When a request is sent from a client to a location on the internet, the reply is made by recognizing the IP Address

Every person given access to the internet is assigned an IP Address Unique to each user Serves as a locator

When a request is sent from a client to a location on the internet, the reply is made by recognizing the IP Address

Internet Addresses (aka Canonical Addresses) are associated with the IP Address Registered at the same time Also called DNS (Domain Name System)

Username@host.subdomain (e.g.: smccombs@uh.edu)

Internet Addresses (aka Canonical Addresses) are associated with the IP Address Registered at the same time Also called DNS (Domain Name System)

Username@host.subdomain (e.g.: smccombs@uh.edu)

Navigating the WorldWide WebNavigating the WorldWide Web Net Browsers

Mosaic Netscape Internet Explorer

Present online information in a readable format to the user. Done by interpretation of a web programming

language called HTML

Net Browsers Mosaic Netscape Internet Explorer

Present online information in a readable format to the user. Done by interpretation of a web programming

language called HTML

Navigating the WorldWide Web /cont./

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) World Wide Web Programming Language

Consists of a series of commands that tell browsers how to read and present data to the user.

Uses tags to accomplish page formatting

Not actually a programming language Lacks compiling ability

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) World Wide Web Programming Language

Consists of a series of commands that tell browsers how to read and present data to the user.

Uses tags to accomplish page formatting

Not actually a programming language Lacks compiling ability

Making Web Pages Dynamic Scripting

Web Programming using JAVA or VBScript Used in conjunction with HTML

HTML = Static SCRIPTING = Dynamic

JavaScript, VBScript programming code written within HTML

Document that causes interactivity

Making Web Pages Dynamic Scripting

Web Programming using JAVA or VBScript Used in conjunction with HTML

HTML = Static SCRIPTING = Dynamic

JavaScript, VBScript programming code written within HTML

Document that causes interactivity

Moving around the web: Two Methods Hot Links and Buttons

Links are hidden HTML commands that, when activated, can take a user to another web site

URL The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the

HTML’s specific web address URL by Bookmarking or Favorites

Moving around the web: Two Methods Hot Links and Buttons

Links are hidden HTML commands that, when activated, can take a user to another web site

URL The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the

HTML’s specific web address URL by Bookmarking or Favorites

Web Browser SelectionWeb Browser Selection

Personal Preference Although some determining factors:

Security Size of browser Cost

Not really an issue any more

Compatibility

Personal Preference Although some determining factors:

Security Size of browser Cost

Not really an issue any more

Compatibility

• End Chapter 1 Presentation

The Internet and theWorld Wide Web

History & Basic Structure of the Internet

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