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The History of the InternetThe History of the Internet
History of the Internet andthe World Wide WebHistory of the Internet andthe World Wide Web II nternet vs. ii nternet
An internet (small “i”) refers to any network of computers
The Internet (large “I”) is a specific name Given to the communication network comprised
of hundreds of thousands of inter-connected networks
II nternet vs. ii nternet An internet (small “i”) refers to any network
of computers
The Internet (large “I”) is a specific name Given to the communication network comprised
of hundreds of thousands of inter-connected networks
….
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
The Internet is not a new development After the Russian’s
launched Sputnik, the first satellite, the U.S. panicked.
The Internet is not a new development After the Russian’s
launched Sputnik, the first satellite, the U.S. panicked.
…
Created Advanced Research Projects Created Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) Agency (ARPA)
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
The Department of Defense got together with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and created… ARPAnet (Advanced Research
Projects Agency) to develop an alternative communication system that could enable the military to function in the event of a nuclear strike.
The Department of Defense got together with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and created… ARPAnet (Advanced Research
Projects Agency) to develop an alternative communication system that could enable the military to function in the event of a nuclear strike.
…
ARPANetARPANet
…
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
1970’s brought about Stanford University’s testing and development of early internet protocols Vinton Cerf -- Father of the Internet
1980’s & National Science Foundation NSF obtained control of network for
government and educational use
1970’s brought about Stanford University’s testing and development of early internet protocols Vinton Cerf -- Father of the Internet
1980’s & National Science Foundation NSF obtained control of network for
government and educational use
..
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
Also in the 1980’s: Tim Berners-Lee of CERN
(European Laboratory of Particle Physics) began working on WWW Created software for world-wide
interconnectivity called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Written as an “…Internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing.”
Also in the 1980’s: Tim Berners-Lee of CERN
(European Laboratory of Particle Physics) began working on WWW Created software for world-wide
interconnectivity called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Written as an “…Internet-based hypermedia initiative for global information sharing.”
.
Internet TodayInternet Today
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
History of the Internet andthe World Wide Web /cont./
Internet surfing -- pre-browser era Before the Web, information retrieval was
accomplished through a number of complicated steps and commands Difficult Time consuming Required greater-than-normal understanding of
computing in order to operate
“Private” until 1993 with the birth of Mosaic
Internet surfing -- pre-browser era Before the Web, information retrieval was
accomplished through a number of complicated steps and commands Difficult Time consuming Required greater-than-normal understanding of
computing in order to operate
“Private” until 1993 with the birth of Mosaic
How the Internet and the Web workHow the Internet and the Web work The internet as a Packet-Switched
network Bundles of data are broken up, transmitted,
and reassembled at the other end Transmitted data are mixed together with
all the other data on the internet until it reaches it final destination
The internet as a Packet-Switched network Bundles of data are broken up, transmitted,
and reassembled at the other end Transmitted data are mixed together with
all the other data on the internet until it reaches it final destination
…
How the Internet and the Web workHow the Internet and the Web work
…
How the Internet and the Web work /cont./
How the Internet and the Web work /cont./
Data flows through the internet via many interconnected computers
Clients, Servers, and Routers Clients: Originating User’s Computer Server: Powerful, Continuous Internet
Access Router: Computers that link networks
together
Data flows through the internet via many interconnected computers
Clients, Servers, and Routers Clients: Originating User’s Computer Server: Powerful, Continuous Internet
Access Router: Computers that link networks
together
..
How the Internet and the Web work /cont./
How the Internet and the Web work /cont./
TCP/IP Sets definitions for how data transmission
takes place. TCP (Transmission Control Protocols)
Defines how computers communicate with each other
IP (Internet Protocols) Tells routers how to reassemble data packets
TCP/IP Sets definitions for how data transmission
takes place. TCP (Transmission Control Protocols)
Defines how computers communicate with each other
IP (Internet Protocols) Tells routers how to reassemble data packets
.
How the Internet and the Web work /cont./
How the Internet and the Web work /cont./
Several types of Internet Protocols: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
WWW Documents WAIS (Wide Area Info System Protocol)
Rules for accessing text-only file indices FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Data transfer from one computer to another Telnet (Terminal Emulation Protocol)
Used when logging into another system
Several types of Internet Protocols: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
WWW Documents WAIS (Wide Area Info System Protocol)
Rules for accessing text-only file indices FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Data transfer from one computer to another Telnet (Terminal Emulation Protocol)
Used when logging into another system
Connecting to the InternetConnecting to the Internet
Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) Flashnet, EV1, PDQ.net
A company that provides the connection between remote locations and the internet
The two most important ISP Services: Fast, reliable service with no busy signals Reliable email delivery in less than 5 minutes
Individuals pay a monthly subscription rate for permission to dial-in to their server
Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) Flashnet, EV1, PDQ.net
A company that provides the connection between remote locations and the internet
The two most important ISP Services: Fast, reliable service with no busy signals Reliable email delivery in less than 5 minutes
Individuals pay a monthly subscription rate for permission to dial-in to their server
…..
Connecting to the Internet /cont./Connecting to the Internet /cont./
Online Services AOL, CompuServe, Prodigy
ISP’s on steroids Provide extra services in addition to the plain “net
connection” On-line databases Govt. and Commercial information Search engines Many Online Services provide their own browsers
Online Services AOL, CompuServe, Prodigy
ISP’s on steroids Provide extra services in addition to the plain “net
connection” On-line databases Govt. and Commercial information Search engines Many Online Services provide their own browsers
….
Internet Addresses InterNIC
Domain Name registration Sets rules Assigns IP Addresses Organizes participant categories
Universities, Businesses Networks, Organizations Military, Government
Internet Addresses InterNIC
Domain Name registration Sets rules Assigns IP Addresses Organizes participant categories
Universities, Businesses Networks, Organizations Military, Government
Connecting to the Internet /cont./Connecting to the Internet /cont./
…
First-Level Domain Extender a.k.a. Top-Level Domain
Thee letter code added to each address (e.g.: .COM)
Com = commercial Edu = education (university) Gov = Government Mil = Military Net = Network support company Org = nonprofit, nongov. organization
First-Level Domain Extender a.k.a. Top-Level Domain
Thee letter code added to each address (e.g.: .COM)
Com = commercial Edu = education (university) Gov = Government Mil = Military Net = Network support company Org = nonprofit, nongov. organization
Connecting to the Internet /cont./Connecting to the Internet /cont./
..
Every person given access to the internet is assigned an IP Address Unique to each user Serves as a locator
When a request is sent from a client to a location on the internet, the reply is made by recognizing the IP Address
Every person given access to the internet is assigned an IP Address Unique to each user Serves as a locator
When a request is sent from a client to a location on the internet, the reply is made by recognizing the IP Address
Connecting to the Internet /cont./Connecting to the Internet /cont./
.
Internet Addresses (aka Canonical Addresses) are associated with the IP Address Registered at the same time Also called DNS (Domain Name System)
[email protected] (e.g.: [email protected])
Internet Addresses (aka Canonical Addresses) are associated with the IP Address Registered at the same time Also called DNS (Domain Name System)
[email protected] (e.g.: [email protected])
Connecting to the Internet /cont./Connecting to the Internet /cont./
Navigating the WorldWide WebNavigating the WorldWide Web Net Browsers
Mosaic Netscape Internet Explorer
Present online information in a readable format to the user. Done by interpretation of a web programming
language called HTML
Net Browsers Mosaic Netscape Internet Explorer
Present online information in a readable format to the user. Done by interpretation of a web programming
language called HTML
…
Navigating the WorldWide Web /cont./
Navigating the WorldWide Web /cont./
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) World Wide Web Programming Language
Consists of a series of commands that tell browsers how to read and present data to the user.
Uses tags to accomplish page formatting
Not actually a programming language Lacks compiling ability
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) World Wide Web Programming Language
Consists of a series of commands that tell browsers how to read and present data to the user.
Uses tags to accomplish page formatting
Not actually a programming language Lacks compiling ability
..
Making Web Pages Dynamic Scripting
Web Programming using JAVA or VBScript Used in conjunction with HTML
HTML = Static SCRIPTING = Dynamic
JavaScript, VBScript programming code written within HTML
Document that causes interactivity
Making Web Pages Dynamic Scripting
Web Programming using JAVA or VBScript Used in conjunction with HTML
HTML = Static SCRIPTING = Dynamic
JavaScript, VBScript programming code written within HTML
Document that causes interactivity
Navigating the WorldWide Web /cont./
Navigating the WorldWide Web /cont./
.
Moving around the web: Two Methods Hot Links and Buttons
Links are hidden HTML commands that, when activated, can take a user to another web site
URL The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the
HTML’s specific web address URL by Bookmarking or Favorites
Moving around the web: Two Methods Hot Links and Buttons
Links are hidden HTML commands that, when activated, can take a user to another web site
URL The URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the
HTML’s specific web address URL by Bookmarking or Favorites
Navigating the WorldWide Web /cont./
Navigating the WorldWide Web /cont./
Web Browser SelectionWeb Browser Selection
Personal Preference Although some determining factors:
Security Size of browser Cost
Not really an issue any more
Compatibility
Personal Preference Although some determining factors:
Security Size of browser Cost
Not really an issue any more
Compatibility
• End Chapter 1 Presentation
• End Chapter 1 Presentation
The Internet and theWorld Wide Web
The Internet and theWorld Wide Web