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Grammar Book
Erik “Enrique” Beltran
• Preterite • Triggers• -car –gar –zar • Preterite • Spock• Snake-y• Imprefect• Triggers• Irregualars
ComparisonsSer v estar Verbs like gustarComparativos y superlativos Transition PorParaTdemostrativesTriggersiregularsFuture
Preterite
•i•iste•io�
•imos•isteis•ieron
Used to show the past... Like a saber tooth tiger!
easteoamo
sasteisaron
To conjugate verbs that end in –ER/IR, just drop the “ER” or “IR”
Comieron con la maestra.They ate with the teacher.
Camine hasta me casa.I walked to my house.
Used for...Actions of a single eventCertain number of actionsActions in a specific time period.Chain of eventsThe beginning or end of an action.
To conjugate verbs that end in -ar, just drop the “AR”
Triggers
el dia anterior• the day before
ayer• yesterday
la semana pasada• last week
el fin de semana pasada• last weekendel mes pasado• last monthel otro dia• the other day
anoche• last night
Preterite • -car
• Yo form is -que
• -gar• Yo form turns
into gue
• -zar• Yo form
changes to ceVerbs ending with –uir change to -yeron in the yo form.Decir– dijTraer– trajConducir-- conduj
Cucaracha• Andar— anduv• Estar — estuv• Poder — pud• Poner — pus• Querer — quis• Saber — sup• Tener — tuv• Venir — vin
e�isteo�imosieron
Hacer
Ir Ser
Ver
Dar
Ser/Ir FuiFuisteFueFuimosFuisteisFueron
HacerHiceHicisteHizo HicimosHicisteisHicieron
Dar VerDi viDiste visteDio vioDimos vimosDisteis visteisDieron vieron
¡Spock!
Snake-Y
e>iSnake!! Only in 3rd person ¡¡Snakey
Servir servi serviste sirvio servimos sirvieron
o>uDormir dormi
dormiste durmio dormimos durmieron
i>yLeer lei
leiste leyo leimos leyeron
Imperfect
Habitual actions“setting the stage” of another actionTelling timeTelling one ageMental statesPhysical sensationDescribing characteristics of people, things or conditions
Uses
todos los dias• every day
siempre• always
nunca• never
a veces• sometimes
a menudo• often
casi siempre• almost always
todo el tiempo• all the time
Triggers
Irregulars
¡This is imperfect!
T h i s i s t h e P r e t e r i t e
Physical descriptionPersonality and Character NationalityRaceGenderProfessionOriginDatesDaysSeasonsTimeEventsConcertsPartiesPossession
Ser
Feelings/moods/
emotionsPhysical
conditions or appearances
Status (married,
single, divorced,
dead)Location of people (not
events)Present
Progressive tense
Estar
Verbs like GUSTAR
When followed by two or more objects the word ends in a (n)
Encantar (to love)Fascinar (to fascinate)Molestar (to bother)Doler (to hurt)Apetecer (to want (food))
Comparatives and Superlative
• Mas... que• Menos.... que• Tan... como• Tanto... como
•More than•Less than•As... as•As... as/ as much as
Mateo es mas delgado que un oso. Matt is more thin than a bear. Un oso puede correr tan rapidamente como un persona. A bear can run as fast as a person.
¡Tanto y Tan!Tanto is used as a adjective, while tan is used as an adverb in it context.
Transitiondespues (de)
siempre por fin al ratomás tarde nunca ahorauna vez a vecesprontoentoncescuando
After, afterward Always Finally In a little while Later Never Now Once Sometimes Soon Then When
¡¡¡¡¡Por/Passing through PORtalGeneral local POrtugalHow long something lasts POReverCasue of something PORpuseAn exchange imPORt/exPORtDo something instead of something else Means of transportation TransPORtation
Para!!!!!For whom something is done. Surprise PARA-tayDestination PARAguayPurpose for which something is done PARAchute Express an opinion PARAdon me, butComparison and contrast comPARAcionDeadline PARAmedic
•singular masculine•este (this)•ese (that)•aquel (that)•plural masculine•estos (these)•esos (those)•aquellos (those)
•singular feminine•esta (these)•esa (that)•aquella (that)
•plural feminine•estas (those)•esas (that)•aquellas (those)
Demonstrative Adjectives
Connections
A pesar de in spite ofAunque even thoughMientras whilePero but
Por lo tanto thereforeSin embargo neverthelessTambien also
FuturoTwo ways to create the future1: Ir + a + infinitiveVoy a comer un búfalo. I am going eat a buffalo.
2: Infinitive + -e -emos
-as -a -
anComeré un búfalo.I am going to eat a buffalo.
`
El proximo ano…
Mañana…
En tres dias…
Triggers
IrregularDecir- dirHacer- harPoner- pondrSalir- saldrTener- tendrValer- valdrVender- vendrPoder- podrQuerer- querrSaber- sabrCaber- cabrHaber- habrHay- habra
Yo- e�Tu- a�sEl/ella- a�Nos- emosVos- e�isUsteds- a�n
Habrá un premio por primer lugar.There will be a prize for first place.
It ain’t over ‘til the fat lady sings... or the penguin hits the beach!