Grammar Book

Erik “Enrique” Beltran

• Preterite • Triggers• -car –gar –zar • Preterite • Spock• Snake-y• Imprefect• Triggers• Irregualars

ComparisonsSer v estar Verbs like gustarComparativos y superlativos Transition PorParaTdemostrativesTriggersiregularsFuture

Preterite

•i•iste•io�

•imos•isteis•ieron

Used to show the past... Like a saber tooth tiger!

easteoamo

sasteisaron

To conjugate verbs that end in –ER/IR, just drop the “ER” or “IR”

Comieron con la maestra.They ate with the teacher.

Camine hasta me casa.I walked to my house.

Used for...Actions of a single eventCertain number of actionsActions in a specific time period.Chain of eventsThe beginning or end of an action.

To conjugate verbs that end in -ar, just drop the “AR”

Triggers

el dia anterior• the day before

ayer• yesterday

la semana pasada• last week

el fin de semana pasada• last weekendel mes pasado• last monthel otro dia• the other day

anoche• last night

Preterite • -car

• Yo form is -que

• -gar• Yo form turns

into gue

• -zar• Yo form

changes to ceVerbs ending with –uir change to -yeron in the yo form.Decir– dijTraer– trajConducir-- conduj

Cucaracha• Andar— anduv• Estar — estuv• Poder — pud• Poner — pus• Querer — quis• Saber — sup• Tener — tuv• Venir — vin

e�isteo�imosieron

Hacer

Ir Ser

Ver

Dar

Ser/Ir FuiFuisteFueFuimosFuisteisFueron

HacerHiceHicisteHizo HicimosHicisteisHicieron

Dar VerDi viDiste visteDio vioDimos vimosDisteis visteisDieron vieron

¡Spock!

Snake-Y

e>iSnake!! Only in 3rd person ¡¡Snakey

Servir servi serviste sirvio servimos sirvieron

o>uDormir dormi

dormiste durmio dormimos durmieron

i>yLeer lei

leiste leyo leimos leyeron

Imperfect

Habitual actions“setting the stage” of another actionTelling timeTelling one ageMental statesPhysical sensationDescribing characteristics of people, things or conditions

Uses

todos los dias• every day

siempre• always

nunca• never

a veces• sometimes

a menudo• often

casi siempre• almost always

todo el tiempo• all the time

Triggers

Irregulars

¡This is imperfect!

T h i s i s t h e P r e t e r i t e

Physical descriptionPersonality and Character NationalityRaceGenderProfessionOriginDatesDaysSeasonsTimeEventsConcertsPartiesPossession

Ser

Feelings/moods/

emotionsPhysical

conditions or appearances

Status (married,

single, divorced,

dead)Location of people (not

events)Present

Progressive tense

Estar

Verbs like GUSTAR

When followed by two or more objects the word ends in a (n)

Encantar (to love)Fascinar (to fascinate)Molestar (to bother)Doler (to hurt)Apetecer (to want (food))

Comparatives and Superlative

• Mas... que• Menos.... que• Tan... como• Tanto... como

•More than•Less than•As... as•As... as/ as much as

Mateo es mas delgado que un oso. Matt is more thin than a bear. Un oso puede correr tan rapidamente como un persona. A bear can run as fast as a person.

¡Tanto y Tan!Tanto is used as a adjective, while tan is used as an adverb in it context.

Transitiondespues (de) 

siempre  por fin al ratomás tarde nunca ahorauna vez a vecesprontoentoncescuando

After, afterward  Always Finally In a little while     Later     Never    Now    Once     Sometimes     Soon        Then     When   

¡¡¡¡¡Por/Passing through PORtalGeneral local POrtugalHow long something lasts POReverCasue of something PORpuseAn exchange imPORt/exPORtDo something instead of something else Means of transportation TransPORtation

Para!!!!!For whom something is done. Surprise PARA-tayDestination PARAguayPurpose for which something is done PARAchute Express an opinion PARAdon me, butComparison and contrast comPARAcionDeadline PARAmedic

•singular masculine•este (this)•ese (that)•aquel (that)•plural masculine•estos (these)•esos (those)•aquellos (those)

•singular feminine•esta (these)•esa (that)•aquella (that)

•plural feminine•estas (those)•esas (that)•aquellas (those)

Demonstrative Adjectives

Connections

A pesar de in spite ofAunque even thoughMientras whilePero but

Por lo tanto thereforeSin embargo neverthelessTambien also

FuturoTwo ways to create the future1: Ir + a + infinitiveVoy a comer un búfalo. I am going eat a buffalo.

2: Infinitive + -e -emos

-as -a -

anComeré un búfalo.I am going to eat a buffalo.

`

El proximo ano…

Mañana…

En tres dias…

Triggers

IrregularDecir- dirHacer- harPoner- pondrSalir- saldrTener- tendrValer- valdrVender- vendrPoder- podrQuerer- querrSaber- sabrCaber- cabrHaber- habrHay- habra

Yo- e�Tu- a�sEl/ella- a�Nos- emosVos- e�isUsteds- a�n

Habrá un premio por primer lugar.There will be a prize for first place.

It ain’t over ‘til the fat lady sings... or the penguin hits the beach!