English Structure

English Structure

Table of Contents

WORDS

PrefixSuffix

Synonyms

Antonyms

Homonyms

PARTS OF SPEECH

Nouns

AdjectivesAdverb

Verbs

Preposition

Conjunctions

Interjection

Adjectival Phrase

PHRASES

Adverbial PhraseParticiple

Participial Phrase

Gerunds

Gerundial Phrase

Infinitive

Infinitive Phrase

CLAUSES

Main Clause

Subordinate Clause

Kinds of Subordinate

Clause

Adjective Clause

Noun Clause

Adverb ClauseAppositive Phrase

Clause

WORDSPrefix

Suffix

Synonyms

Antonyms

Homonyms

Prefix is a word-part added at the beginning of a word.

When a prefix is added to a word, it changes the meaning of the word. It creates a new word.

Examples:

il - legal = illegal

un - able = unable

pre - heat = preheat

super - power = superpower

ir - reversible = irreversible

auto - mobile = automobile

Suffix is a word added at the end of a word. Like a

prefix, the suffix changes the meaning of a word.Examples:

child - ish = childish

love - able = lovable

religion - ious = religious

tardy - ness = tardiness

beauty - ful = beautiful

care - less = careless

hazard - ous = hazardous

Synonyms are words that are similar in meaning

Examples:smart = clever

proud = flamboyant

courage = valor

mock = humiliate

null = void

afraid = scared

honest = truthful

funny = hillarious

Antonyms are words that are opposite in meaning

Examples:smart = stupid

beautiful = ugly

victory = defeat

cheap = expensive

thrifty = lavish

expedite = derail

conserve = pollute

hot = cold

Homonyms are words that sound alike but have different

meanings and spellingsExamples:

new = knew

mad = mud

love = lab

dye = die

bad = bud

god = gad

ode = odd

knot = not

PARTS OF SPEECHNouns

Adjectives

AdverbVerbs

PrepositionConjunctionsInterjection

NounsClassification of Nouns

CommonProper

CollectiveConcreteAbstract

CountMass

Nouns is a subordinate clause which, like an adjective

modifies a noun or a pronoun. Classification of Nouns

is a noun in which does not name a particular person, place or thing. Common nouns are not capitalized.

Examples:boy, planet, tree, university, shoes, bag

Common Nouns

Proper Nouns is the name of a particular person, place or thing.

Examples:Pedro, Jupiter, Narra, Maria

Collective Noun is the name for a group of persons, animals or things.

Examples:Committee, flock, herd, team

Concrete Noun

Examples:beauty, love, kindness, justice

names an object which can be perceived by the senses.Examples:

chair, umbrella, phone, book

Abstract Noun names a quality, a characteristic or an idea.

Count Noun a noun that can be counted

Examples:persons, books, students, trees

Mass Noun a noun that cannot be counted

Examples:stars, sand, sugar, hair

AdjectivesClassification of Adjectives

Descriptive

Limiting

Proper

Demonstrative

Articles

Pronouns

Adjectives

Classification of Adjectives is a word used to modify or limit a noun or a pronoun.

adjectives that modify a noun or a pronoun in terms of size, shape, color, texture, smell, age, and physical appearance.

Descriptive

Limiting adjectives that refer to number or order cardinal

Examples: round, beautiful, tall, old

Examples:round, beautiful, tall, old

adjectives that are made from proper nounProper Adjectives

Demonstrative adjectives that are also used as a demonstrative pronoun.

Examples: round, beautiful, tall, old

Examples: that book, those chairs, this bag, these pencilsArticles

adjectives that precede a noun. a and an are indefinite articles and the is a definite article.

Examples: the book, a book, an apple, a dogPronouns

can also be used as adjectives.Examples: our teacher, my brother, his house, her family

AdverbClassificatoin of Adverbs according to meaning:

Adverb of Manner

Adverb of Time

Adverb of Place

Adverb of Degree

is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective or another adverb.

Classification of Adverbs according to meaning:Adverb of Manner

Examples:immediately, melodiously, here

Adverb

tells how the action was done and ends with suffix - ly.

Adverb of Time tells when the action indicated by the verb took place.

Examples:arrived late, came early

Adverb of Place

Examples:teaches here, walked out

tells the location indicated by the verb.

Adverb of Degree tells the amount of the adjective quality and the

verb action.Examples:

very tired, quite welvery tired, quite well

Classificatoin of Verbs according to meaning:

Verbs

Transitive

State of BeingKinds of Verbs according to use:

State of Action

Intransitive

Linking

is a word that expresses a state of action or a state of being. It is connected as the framework of the sentence

Classification of Verbs according to meaning:State of Action

Examples:run, read, talk, eat

Verbs

these are action verbs which include physical and mental acitons.

State of Being

Examples:appear, feel, remain, sound, grow

help describe the condition or state of some person or thing.

Kinds of Verbs according to Use:Transitive Verbs

Examples: The students left the car at the park.The guard picked the ball.

are verbs that need a direct object.

Intransitive Verbs

Examples: The dog run towards the man.

They went to the party.

are verbs that do not need a direct object. They likewise express state of action.

Linking Verbs verbs that link or copulate the subject to a word or words

Examples: The girl is dancing and singing.

Examples: about above across after againstalong amid among around atbefore below beneath besidebetweenbeyond but by concerningdown during except for in insidelike of off on over past since through throughout toward under tounto up upon withwithin without

is a word used to show the relation of a noun or a pronoun to some other word in the sentence.

Preposition

Kinds of Conjunctions

Conjunctions

Coordinating Conjunctions

Correlative Conjunctions

Subordinating Conjunctions

is a word which joins words and group of wordsKinds of ConjunctionsCoordinating Conjunctions

Examples:

Conjunction

Correlative Conjunctions

either…or; neither…nor; both…and; not…but also

Examples:and, but, or, nor

Subordinating ConjunctionsExamples: after, although, as, as much, as, because before,

how, in as much as, in order, that, provided than, though, till, unless, when

is a word which expresses emotion and has no grammatical relation to other words in the sentence.

Interjection

Examples:Oh! What!

Hurrah! Alas!

Ouch! Aha!

Bravo! Ha!

Gosh! Damn!

Shocks! Gee!

Adjectival Phrase

PHRASESAdverbial Phrase

ParticipleParticipial Phrase

GerundsGerundial Phrase

InfinitiveInfinitive PhraseAppositive Phrase

Adjectival Phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies noun or

prounoun.Examples:

The gift from my friend was an inspirational book.

The bottom of the jar was dirty.

Adverbial Phrase is a prepositional phrase that modifies verb or and

adjective or an adverb.

The dress was blue with a green lining.

My father arrives late in the evening.

Examples:

Participle is word which acts as both a verb and an adjective.

Participial Phrase is a group of related words containing a participle. It

acts as an adjective to modify a noun or a pronoun.

Frightened by the news, my brother turned off the tv.

Angered by his younger brother, Rudy turned off the light in the room.

Examples:

Gerunds are verbals that look like a verb because they end in-

ing but function as a noun.

Gerundial Phrase is a phrase containing a gerund. It functions as a

noun inside the sentence.

Jolina enjoys singing sentimental songs.Collecting stamps is her favourite past-time.

Examples:

Infinitive is a verbal consisting of the preposition to followed by

the verb. It is primarily used as a noun. But may also be used as an adjective or an adverb.

Infinitive Phrase is a phrase containing an infinitive. It functions

as a noun or a modifier inside the sentence.Examples:

I have an exciting news to tell to everybody.

Her new assignment is to watch the kids playing.

Appositive Phrase is a phrase which follows a noun or a pronoun and

means the same thing.

Mr. Garcia, our English teacher, left the room.

I received information from Anne, my secretary

Examples:

CLAUSESMain Clause

Subordinate Clause

Kinds of Subordinate ClauseAdjective Clause

Noun Clause

Adverb Clause

Clause

Clause is a group of words that contains a verb and its

subject and is used as a part of the sentence.Main Clause (Independent Clause)

a clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence.

Examples: He just invented the story.

She needs a glass of water.Subordinate Clause (Dependent Clause)

a clause that expresses a complete thought and can stand by itself as a sentence.

Examples: Since she did not attend her classes regularly,

The teacher almost caught Marlon.

Kinds of Subordinate ClauseAdjective Clause

is a subordinate clause which, like an adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun.

Examples:Cecille is the kind of person who never gets upset so easily.

Mrs. Nicadao showed pictures which were taken in Vigan.

Noun Clause is a subordinate clause used as a noun.

Examples:What the teacher said was not clear.

Your patience with me is what I need right now.

Adverb Clause is a subordinate clause which, like an adverb,

modifies a verb or an adjective or an adverb.Examples:

The athletes run because they were told to.

Karenina is as pretty as a girl can be.