English morphology affixiations (ades)

A. Affixations

Ade Sudirman, S.Pd.

An affix is abound morpheme which can

only occur if attached to word or a stem.

Affixes may be derivational or inflectional

(Trask 1993).

Introduction

It is an affix which precedes the root, stem or base to which it is bound, such as English derivational affixes re- and un- . The example of prefixes are as follows:

re, un, dis, pre, post, a, aero, anti, auto, mis, tele.

Rebound, unhappy, disloyal, pretest, post-war, amoral, anticlimax, autobiography, misplace,

telephone.

A.1. Prefix

An infix is affix which occupies a position in which it interrupts another single morpheme.As English does not have any affixes, it is better to look at Indonesian, Sundanese and Javanese.Exp:Kilau = k-em-ilau;Pasar = p-al-asar;Galak = g-u-alak.

A. 2. Infixes

A suffix is a bound morpheme which

follows the root in the form containing it.

-er, -ess, -or, -ee, -ese, - ic, - cide.

Keeper, goddess, corruptor, escapee, Chinese, heroic, suicide.

A. 3. Suffix

A circumfix is an affix which is

realized as a combination of a prefix and a suffix.

Indonesian has a variety of circumfixes, and English does not.

A. 4. Circumfix

B. Compounds

English Morphology

A compound is a word formed by

combining two or more words together to make a new meaning (Gatherer, 1986)

A compound can be solid (consisting of one word), hyphenated (a hyphen

between the words) and open (two words stand alone).

Definition

a. Solid compounds consist of double nouns:Air+plane = airplane;Bed+cloth = bedcloth.

b. Solid compounds consist of an adjective and a noun:Black+list = blacklist.

c. Solid compounds consist of a noun and an adjective:Road+worthy = roadworthy.

B. 1. Solid Compounds

d. Solid Compounds consist of preposition and a noun:Over+night = overnight.e. Solid Compounds consist of a verb and a preposition:Feed+back = feedback.f. Solid Compounds consist of a noun and a verb:Brain + wash = brainwash.g. Solid Compounds consist of a verb and a noun:Play+mate = playmate.

B. 1. Solid Compounds (cont...)

h. Solid Compounds consist of an adjective and a verb:High+flow = highflow.i. Solid Compounds consist of an adverb and a verb:In+put = input.j. Solid Compounds consist of an adverb and an adjective:Ever+green = evergreen.

B. 1. Solid Compounds (cont...)

Hyphenated compounds consist of double nouns:Ball-point.Hyphenated compounds consist of adj and N:Soft-lenses.Hyphenated compounds consist of prep and N:Off-road.Hyphenated compounds consist of V and prep:Check-out.Hyphenated compounds consist of N and V:Man-made.

B.2. Hyphenated Compounds

Hyphenated compounds consist of adj and V:Short-cut.Hyphenated compounds consist of prep and V:Out-put.Hyphenated compounds consist of N and prep:Knock-out.Hyphenated compounds consist of pronoun and N:He-man.

B.2. Hyphenated Compounds (cont...)

a. Open compounds consist of double nouns:Credit card.

b. Open compounds consist of adj and V:Deep freeze.

B.3. Open Compounds

C. Clippings

English Morphology

Clippings are new words formed by omitting part of a word. The omission is normally at the end of a word or at the beginning.C.1. Clippings with the omission at the end of a word:Photograph = photoC.2. Clippings with the omission at the beginning of a word:Telephone = phone.

Definition

D. Abbrevations

English Morphology

An abrevation can be described as a reduced version of a word, phrase or sentence. It falls into blend and acronym.

D.1. BlendA blend is aword composed of other words combined to form a new word.Exp: breakfast + lunch = brunch.D.2. Acronym An acronym is made up of some or all of the initial letters of an organization, institution, political party, etc.Exp: FBI, ILO, B.A.

Definition

E. Back-formations

English Morphology

Fromkin et al (1984) state that new words may be formed from already existing words by substracting an affix thought to be part of the old one.

Exp: hawker = hawkPeddler = peddle

Definition

The endThank you