INTRODUCTION

ADE SUDIRMAN, M.Pd

ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDY PROGRAM

MATHLA’UL ANWAR UNIVERSITY

Introduction

Linguistics level Meaning

Pragmatic

Semantic

Syntactic

Morphological

Phonology

Dealing with language in use

Dealing with meaning

Dealing with sentence-structure

Dealing with word-structure

Dealing with sound systems

WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY?

The branch of linguistics (and one of the major

components of grammar) that

studies word structures especially in terms of

morphemes. Adjective: morphological.

(http://grammar.about.com/od/mo/g/morphologyterm.

htm)

Katamba (1993) says that Morphology is the study

of word structure.

Morpheme Definitions

Ingo Plag (2003) says, “Morpheme is the

smallest meaningful unit.”

Hanafi (2003) states that morpheme is the

smallest meaningful unit of an utterance.

Morpheme is the smallest difference in the

shape of a word that correlates with the

smallest difference in a word or sentence

meaning or in grammatical structure.

(Katamba: 1993)

BOUND AND FREE

Morphemes

Bound Morphemes – cannot occur

unattached.

Free Morphemes – can stand on its own.

(root words and function words)

Ex. glasses

glass – free morpheme

-es – bound morpheme

FREE MORPHEMES

Lexical Category (content words)

• Noun

• Adverb

• Adjectives

• Verb• Pronoun

• Conjunction

• Preposition

• Article

Grammatical Category

(function)

BOUND MORPHEMES

• Affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes,

circumfixes)

-derivational

-inflectional

DERIVATIONAL

Ex. Impossible

Im- deriv. Possible – root word

1. When the preceding sound is sibilant (horse, rose,

bush, church, and judge), the [iz] allomorph occurs.

2. Preceding sound is voiceless/produced with no

vibration of the vocal folds in the larynx (cat, rock, and

cup), the [s] allomorph accurs.

3. After a vowel or a voiced consonant ( dog, and day),

the [z] allomorph accurs.

How many morphemes?

A

A book

A green book

A thick green book

Morphological Interface

1. Morpho-Phonological Interface

1. Liberty (noun) liberties (noun plural)

2. Independence (noun) independency (noun)

2. Morpho-Syntactical Interface

1. Anis laughed at her friend.

2. They love each other.

Thank you