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ENGLISH LEARNERS IN SCHOOL
Abbreviations
Limited English Proficient (LEP) English Learner (EL) English as a Second Language (ESL) English Language Development (ELD) English as a Foreign Language (EFL) English Language Learner (ELL) English for Speakers of Other
Languages (ESOL)
Who Are English Language Learners?
Most ELLs were born in the U.S.-a smaller percentage emigrated here
Immigrants and their children: To have a better life To get away from war To unite with their families For educational/economic purposes
Getting To Know Language Learners
Getting basic information about students: Personal information Prior school experience?
Literacy in their home language? Home culture- research!
Classroom activities: Autobiography Dialogue journal Specific themes
Effect of Cultural Differences on Teaching and Learning
Teacher is both observer of & participant in class culture:Notice cultural differences and try to interpret them
Sociolinguistic interactions in the classroomObserve ~ Listen ~ Keep your own journal/notes
Culturally related responses to classroom organizationTeach expected behavior for each participation
structure Literacy traditions from home and community
Some students do and others do not have prior schooling experience in the first language.
How to Help Newcomers
Safety and security Assign a personal buddy Follow predictable classroom routines Develop a support system for each child
Creating a sense of belonging Assign a “home group” table Provide familiar language texts in the
classroom Value special cultural
knowledge/experience
What is “Culture Shock”?Students NEW to the culture of the classroom may
experience “culture shock.”
4 Stages of “Culture Shock”1. Excitement : “honeymoon” stagevery positive about the new culture 2. Withdrawal : “frustration” stagethings appear different, strange and difficult
3. Adjustment: “understanding” stagea routine develops, less isolated, more confident4. Enthusiasm: “acclimation” stagefeeling 'at home‘ and functioning well in new culture
Cultural Values - Considerations
Peregoy, page 10
Family-
Life-
Relationships-
Discipline-Time/Space-
Religion-
Food-Health/Hygiene-History/Traditions-
Policy Trends Affecting Education of ELLs
Academic standards and assessment movement◦ Congress found in 1983 that improvement
was needed- formed the NAEP program(National Assessment of Education Progress)
High-stakes testing is now used nationwide◦ No-Child Left Behind (NCLB), 2001◦ Socioeconomic status correlates to test-
scoresEducation policies/Standards for ELLs
◦ World-class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) TESOL English Standards
Standards & Assessment in Texas
TEKS : Texas Essential Knowledge & Skills◦ Standards for content learning at each grade
TAKS : Texas Assessment of Knowledge & Skills◦ Assessments for content learning at each grade
English Language Learners also get:ELPS: English Language Proficiency Standards
◦ Standards for language proficiency learning at each level of development (Beginner, Intermediate, Advanced, Advanced High)
TELPAS: Texas English Language Proficiency Assessment System◦ Assessments for language learning progress at each
level of development
ELL students – Guidelines/Identification
Overarching goals of federal guidelines:1) Teach English 2) Provide access to curriculum
How are ELL students identified? Multiple assessments are administered at the
beginning of the school year Assessments determine if English language
proficiency is sufficient to “access and process the curriculum content without support”
If not, students are granted the ELL status
ELL / LEP / ESL : DefinitionsEnglish Language Learner (ELL)
"Student of limited English proficiency (LEP)" is a student whose primary language is other than English and whose English skills are such that the student has difficulty performing ordinary classwork in English. LEP and ELL (English language learner) are used interchangeably.
English as a Second Language (ESL) English is the only language used as the
medium of instruction Four program examples in textbook
Requirements for ELL students in Texas
Texas State Education Code: Districts with enrollment of 20 or more
ELL students in any language classification in the same grade level shall offer a bilingual education or special language program.
Bilingual education is required in Grades K-6
Bilingual education, instruction in ESL, or other transitional language instruction in Grades 7-8
Instruction in ESL in Grades 9 through 12.
817,165 ELL students in Texas (2010)
ESL vs. Bilingual EducationESL
English is the only language used as the medium of instruction
Four program model examples in textbook
Bilingual Education English and another language used as
the media of instruction. Five program model examples in
textbook
Types of Bilingual Programs
Bilingual Programs are either:Additive: Both home language and target language (English
in the U.S.) are developed concurrently with the goal of proficiency in both languages.
OR
Subtractive: Target Language (English in the U.S.) is developed
with a gradual shift away from knowledge/identity with the home language.
Reference Source: Peregoy, S. & Boyle, O., (2008) Reading, Writing, and Learning in ESL: A
Resource Book for K-12 Teachers, 5th Edition, USA: Pearson.
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