English Around The World

ENGLISH AROUND THE WORLD

As you know there are many countries where the English

language is spoken.

For instance:

The United Kingdom

The British Isles

The English Language Timeline

Stage 1: Old English (OE) from 450 – 1150

Stage 2: Middle English (ME) from 1150 – 1450

Stage 3: Early Modern English (EME) from 1450 – 1750

Stage 4: Modern English (ModE) from about 1750

Old English

Similarities between Old Scandinavian and Old English

An example of how close the languages were earlier is the Saga of Gunnlaugr Serpent-Tongue (Gunnlaugs saga ormstungu) which is one of the Icelandic sagas. It was composed at the end of the 13th century and contains 25 verses of poetry.

It is an important work in both Norwegian and Icelandic literary history.

The Voyage of Ohthere – Ottars reise

Den gammalengelske teksten lyder:

• Ohthere sæde his hlaforde, Ælfrede cyninge, þæt he ealra Norðmonna norþmest bude. He cwæð þæt he bude on þæm lande norþweardum wiþ þa Westsæ.

Samme tekst på norsk:

•  ”Ottar fortalte sin herre, kong Alfred, at han bodde lengst nord av alle nordmenn.  Han sa at han bodde nord i landet, ved Vesterhavet.”

Translation

Old English

• Ohthere sæde his hlaforde, Ælfrede cyninge, þæt he ealra Norðmonna norþmest bude.

• He cwæþ þæt he bude on þæm lande norþweardum wiþ þa Westsæ.

Modern English

• Othere said to his lord, King Alfred, that he lived northernmost of all the Northmen (or Norwegians).

• He said that he lived in the land [that is] northward along the Western Sea (i.e. the sea to the west of Norway).

Source: http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/eduweb/engl401/texts/ohthfram.htm20100121

Eksempel fra Heimskringla

• Styrkår tok til å fryse så snart trøyttleiken gjekk av han. Da møtte han ein mann som kom køyrande i ei vogn og hadde ein stor fora skinnfrakk. Då sa Styrkår: "Vil du selje frakken, bonde?" "Ikkje til deg", sa han, "du er nok nordmann; eg kjenner målet ditt". Og dermed svinga Styrkår sverdet og hogg det i halsen på mannen så hovudet gjekk av. Så tok han skinnfrakken og sprang på hesten og reid ned til stranda.".

• Denne episoden skjedde i 1066. Heller ikke ennå var forskjellene mellom de nordiske språkene så tydelige at en engelsk bonde kunne høre forskjell. Når han sier "nordmann", må vi gå ut fra han egentlig mente "fra Norden"; dvs. enten fra Norge, Danmark eller Sverige.

Middle English http://www.umilta.net/julsismel1.jpg

Varieties of British English

Tverrfaglig prosjekt

Mål for opplæringen er at eleven skal kunneKommunikasjon:– velge et tverrfaglig fordypningsemne innenfor

eget programområde og presentere dette

Språklæring:– drøfte likheter og forskjeller mellom engelsk

og andre fremmedspråk og utnytte dette i egen språklæring

TASK

• You have to choose one English dialect and make a research project.

• The project consists of comparing this dialect with another English dialect or another European or Scandanavian language:– for example French, German or Spanish – or Norwegian

Other English Dialects

• American English Varieties

• Australian English

• Englishes of the subcontinent (e.g. India)

• Englishes of South-East Asia

• Emerging Englishes: (e.g. Hong Kong &China)

• Englishes of Sub-Suharan Africa (e.g. Nigeria & Sth

Africa)

British Isles Accents and Dialects

• English dialects and accents• Welsh dialect• Scottish dialect• Irish dialect

• We should first make clear what two important terms mean:-

Dialect

• We use dialect to refer to varieties

distinguished from each other by

differences of grammar and vocabulary.

Accent

• Accent, on the other hand, refers to

variations in pronunciation.

Received pronunciation (RE)

• In your English classes you are presented with a British English model which is called:

Received pronunciation,

abbreviated RP

This is England

• This is England tells the story of Shaun(Thomas Turgoose), an 11 year old child growing up in the north of England. It is set during the summer holidays of 1983, and follows his journey from a bullied ruffian grieving the loss of his father in the Falkands War into a member of the local skinhead gang.

The British Isles

Grimsby

Important points in the Film

• Captures a specific period of time in British history i.e Falklands War, Margaret Thatcher, The National Front and 1980’s British society.

• Some important scenes:– Bullying and getting the cane at an English

comprehensive (state school)– Becoming part of a skinhead gang

• Language: – Use of Northern English Dialect

Some other English Dialects

The United States of America

Ireland

Australia

Canada

New Zealand

India

or... South Africa