Educational innovation in university levels: Crystallography and X - ray diffraction

Seminars

Crystallography and Diffraction

How atoms are ordered in the lattice?

It is studied by Crystallography

All information needed is included in the

International Tables for Crystallography

Each particular structure can be

described using a given Space Group

Each particular structure can be

described using a given Space Group

To learn more about Space Groups, see the following Seminars:

Space Group Overview

Space Group Symbol

Getting the Table of Equivalent Positions

Atoms in 3D-lattices form planes …

- Vertical

- Vertical - Horizontal

- and in many other directions …

Can we calculate the spacing between planes?

spacing

Yes, we can.

spacing

Yes, we can.

For orthogonal systems (square

angles, 90°) it is quite easy.

spacing

Yes, we can.

For orthogonal systems (square

angles, 90°) it is quite easy.

To learn about it, see the seminar:

Spacing in Orthogonal Systems

Throwing a

X-ray beam on

Throwing a

X-ray beam on

… and using

a detector …Detector

Throwing a

X-ray beam on

… and using

a detector …

Position of the detector

… one gets a signal so-called diffractogramDetector B

Throwing a

X-ray beam on

… and using

a detector …

Each peak is assigned to a plane of the lattice

Throwing a

X-ray beam on

… and using

a detector …

If we know the position of the peak,

we can calculate the spacing between planes

Throwing a

X-ray beam on

… and using

a detector …

If we know the position of the peak,

we can calculate the spacing between planes

To learn about it, see the seminar:

Bragg Equation

Throwing a

X-ray beam on

Detector B

If we know the spacing of all planes,

then we can get the index of the planes,

as well as the centering of the unit cell.

… and using

a detector …… one gets a signal so-called diffractogram

Detector B

If we know the spacing of all planes,

then we can get the index of the planes,

as well as the centering of the unit cell.

It is easy to do it in the cubic system. To learn about it, see the seminar:

Indexing in the Cubic System

… and using

Detector B

Finally, if we know the width of the peaks,

we can calculate the particle size,

and an average of the defects in the lattice

… and using

Detector B

Finally, if we know the width of the peaks,

we can calculate the particle size,

and an average of the defects in the lattice

Scherrer Equation

It is easy to calculate the particle size. To learn how, see the seminar:

Williamson-Hall Equation

… and using

In my Web site

you can find more resources on

Chemistry and Characterization.

DoCienTia

Educational innovation in university levels: Crystallography and X - ray diffraction

Education

Elementary Crystallography for X-Ray Diffraction · 2009-10-01 · Elementary Crystallography for X-Ray Diffraction (prepared by James R. Connolly, for EPS400-001, Introduction to

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Introduction to X-ray analysis using the diffraction method Journal 32-2... · Introduction to X-ray analysis using the diffraction method Hideo Toraya* 1. ... you study X-ray crystallography

2. Crystallography and Crystal Structures: CMRITjntuforum.com/files/Engg physics.pdf · 2 crystallography and crystal structures 3 x – ray diffraction 4 defects in crystals 5 elements

(X-Ray Crystallography) X-RAY DIFFRACTION. I. X-Ray Diffraction Uses X-Rays to identify the arrangement of atoms, molecules, or ions within a crystalline

Crystallization of biological macromolecules · Crystallization X-ray diffraction analysis Structure determination Introduction X-ray Crystallography is necessary for a obtaining

X-Ray Diffraction Crystallography - ReadingSample

Principles of X-ray Crystallography of X-ray Crystallography ... • Basic principles are used to determine crystal structure ... describe an X-ray diffraction