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Follow me on slideshare. http://www.slideshare.net/gohbangrui These slides are used in Singapore lower secondary History lessons to illustrate 'How did the local people respond to British rule after World War II'. . It aims to explain the riots which expressed anti-British sentiments after World War II after the British returned to Singapore. . Any feedback is welcome.
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How did the Local People respond to British Rule after World War II?
Chapter 7 Part 2
Overview of Chapter 7
Part 1Living Conditions after the war
Part 2Maria Hertogh and Anti-NS riots
Part 3RendelConstitution & 1955 Election
Maria HertoghRiots11th – 13th December 1950
Adeline Hertogh Petrus HertoghChe Aminah
Who were involved?
Maria Hertogh(Dutch Catholic
parents)
CheAminah
(Maria’s foster
mother)
Adeline Hertogh
(Maria’s natural mother)
TheMalay
Community
Born in Java in 1937 to Dutch Catholic parents.
Parents were imprisoned during the Japanese Occupation
Under the care of Che Aminah, Maria was raised as a Muslim.
Her name was changed to
Nadra.
When Adeline Hertogh was released, she wanted her daughter back but Che Aminahrefused.
The case was brought to the High Court in Singapore.
Maria Hertogh was placed in the Social Welfare Department.
The court ruled that Maria be
returned to her natural
parents.
May 1950
Che Aminahfiled an
appeal and the courts
decided that custody of
Maria Hertogh be returned to
Che Aminah
July 1950
Custody Battle
Under Che Aminah’s care, Maria was married to a Malay teacher, MansoorAdabi.
She was only 13 years old.
She thought that the marriage would prevent further attempts by the Hertoghs to get back their daughter.
August 1950
November 1950The battle for custody continued.
The court ruled that Maria should be returned to her natural parents.
The Dutch law did not recognize Maria’s marriage as she was
under-aged.
Her natural father did not give
consent to the marriage.
2 Reasons
This upset the Malay community as they felt that Muslim law was not respected.
Meanwhile, the court placed Maria in a Catholicconvent in Thomson Road.
A Huge
Mistake!
Press was not banned from the grounds
Published controversial picturesof Maria Hertogh in the newspapers showing Maria surrounded by symbols of the Christian faith.
Deeply offended the Muslim community.
11th December 1950Che Aminah appealed again for the custody of Maria Hertogh.
The court rejected the appeal within 5minutes.
The large crowd that gathered to hear the verdict at Padang started to riot.
Why did the riots take place?
Felt betrayed as they thought the British were taking sideswith the Dutch
Felt that the British were insensitive to the feelings of the Malay community
Felt discriminatedagainst and frustrated
Riot!
Any Europeanor Eurasian in sight was attacked.
During the riot,
Cars were overturned and burnt.
days
Troops were called in to help maintain law and
order.
The situation was under control by
the 3rd day.
A curfew was imposed for two
weeks.
The riots continued.
Racial tension rose when different ethnic groups
failed to understand each other’s culture and customs.
18people killed.
173people injured.
The riots affected businesses and the economy in the country.
Maria Hertogh dies at 72 from leukaemia.
Anti-National Service Riots13th May 1954
Anti-National Service Riots
Who was involved? Chinese-educated students (mostly from Chung Cheng High School and Chinese High School)
What happened?British colonial government introduced National Service. (All males aged 18-20 had to register by May 1954).
National Service
Students gathered in front of the Government House to protest peacefully against National Service.
It became a riot when the police were called in to separate the crowd.
It interrupted their education. (Students were
mostly 20 years old or above due to
WWII)
The students are unwilling to
defend the colonial government
Malayan Communist Party
encouraged the students to boycott
National Service.
Why? Secondary school students from Chinese schools were unhappy about National Service.
Consequences
48students were
arrested.
Chinese students also became more politically aware.
26people injured.
SummaryPart 2 – Maria Hertoghand Anti-NS riots
Riots clearly expressed anti-British feelings• Locals felt that the British were not sensitive enough to their needs and feelings.
Mar
ia H
erto
gh – Muslims law
ignored; betrayed by the British
Nat
ionl
Ser
vice
Rio
ts – Education of
Chinese interrupted; not willing to defend the colonial government
Created by
Goh Bang Rui
Follow meon
@slideshare.
@gohbangrui
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