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International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
International Delegates’ Orientation ProgrammeAUA ConferenceManchester 2012
Melissa Bradley, Kathy Fowler and Hetal Maniar
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Welcome!
• Melissa Bradley, Faculty Administration Manager at University of Kent, Co-convenor of the Organisational Development Network, member of the International Higher Education Network, Link Co-ordinator for CAUBO and member of the AUA Board of Trustees
• Kathy Fowler, College Registrar, College of Physical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Co-convenor of the Managing Change in HE Network and member of the AUA Board of Trustees
• Hetal Maniar, Student Records Systems Advisor and Faculty Recruitment Liaison (CCi) at University of Portsmouth, International Association Link Co-ordinator for International Higher Education Network and Link Coordinator for JUAM (Japan Association of University Administrative Management)
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Programme
10.00 – 10.55 The UK Higher Education Scene: History and Current Context
10.55 – 11.05 Break
11.05 – 11.50 Discussion: Global HE – Global issues
11.50 – 12.00 How to get the most out of the conference
12.00 onwards Join main conference programme
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
THE HISTORY OF UK HIGHER EDUCATION
International Delegates
“Institutions of higher education in the UK are complex organisations, each characterised by a distinctive ethos. Each institution is autonomous and responsible for the management and direction of its own affairs. Yet almost all depend substantially on central government funding and face many similar challenges. “
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Ancient Universities
• Oxford• Cambridg
e
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Scotland
• 1413 St. Andrews• 1451 Glasgow• 1495 King’s College• 1583 Edinburgh• 1593 Marischal College
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Crushed Migrations & Establishments• 1238-78 University of Salisbury• 1261-65 University of Northampton• 1333-35 University of Stamford• 1657 Durham College
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Modern Higher Education Starts
• St David’s College, Lampeter
• Opened 1827
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Establishment v New Order
New• London University (1826) ~
later to become University College London (1836)
Old• King’s College, London
(1829)• Durham University (1832)
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Turn of the century
Red Brick or Civic Universities
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Universities Renewed 19th Century• 1836 University of London (Supporting
Colleges in Exeter, Bristol, Southampton, Leicester,
Nottingham)• 1838 Polytechnic Institution• 1845 Queen’s University of Ireland (Belfast,
Cork and Galway)• 1851 Owen’s College, Manchester• 1880 Victoria University (Manchester 1880,
Liverpool 1903, Leeds 1904)• 1900 University of Birmingham• 1905 University of Sheffield• 1909 University of Bristol
"In commemorating our founders, benefactors and distinguished predecessors, we commit ourselves to the cause they served of nurturing The University of Manchester as a scholarly community engaged in a common search for knowledge and wisdom. We affirm our resolve to make our University a place where students, whatever their backgrounds, learn to pursue truth through rational inquiry; where researchers engaged in discovery are also teachers; where research is valued both for its own sake and for the betterment of the world; where academic freedom is encouraged and protected; where the cultivation of cognitive skills, independence of mind, intellectual integrity and artistic expression promotes understanding and appreciation of the best that is known, thought and created in the world; and where students and staff are encouraged, as responsible citizens of their own societies and of the international”Foundation Declaration, University of Manchester
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Robbins Report 1963
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Growth in the 1960s
• New universities founded in green field sites, including:• Essex• Kent• Lancaster• Stirling• Sussex• Ulster• Warwick• York
• Colleges of Advanced Technology upgraded• Aston• Bath• Bradford• Brunel• City• Herriott-Watt• Loughborough• Salford• Strathclyde• Surrey
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Polytechnics and the Open University• Approximately 30 polytechnics
established • CNAA – Council for National
Academic Awards• Open University established in
1969
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
1992
• 1992 Further and Higher Education Act converted all polytechnics and Scottish Central Institutions into Universities (‘new universities’ or ‘post 92’)
• Created the funding councils in the devolved administrations
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
After 1992
• Creation of new universities from colleges of Higher Education, including:• Edge Hill University formerly Edge Hill College • Kingston University formerly Kingston TI • University of Wales, Newport formerly Gwent
College of HE• Thames Valley University a merger of Thames
Valley College and Ealing College of HE – now University of West London
• York St John University formerly the College of Ripon and York St John
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
UK student population increase
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
The UK Higher Education Sector
• Devolved administrations: England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland
• Autonomous, self-governing institutions
• Power to grant degrees from Act of Parliament, Charter, Statute, or Order of the Privy Council
• Legal use of ‘university’ and ‘university college’
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
HIGHER EDUCATION TODAY
International Delegates
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
The Size of the UK HE Sector
University University College
HEIs
England 89 34 131
Scotland 14 0 19
Wales 10 1 11
N. Ireland
2 2 4
UK 115 37 165
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
UUK & University Mission Groups• Universities UK (UUK) – 133 members, founded in 1918
• Universities UK is the major representative body and membership organisation for the higher education sector
• UUK members are the executive heads of UK universities• Together with Higher Education Wales and Universities
Scotland, UUK works to advance the interests of universities and to spread good practice throughout the higher education sector
• Million Plus – 28 members• University Alliance – 23 members• Russell Group – 20 members – increasing to 24• (Durham, Exeter, Queen Mary and York)• 1994 Group – 19 members (moving to 14 with the above)
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Current UK Context
• Devolved Higher Education System – different funding arrangements in place for England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales
• Postponement of UK Higher Education Bill • White Paper • Separate Scottish legislation• UK applications to UCAS have dropped for 2012
entry• UK university graduation rates for young people
graduating with a first degree is below the OECD average
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
England: students at the heart of the System (white paper)
• Introduce more affordable and sustainable HE system
• Open up HE market to Further Education and alternative providers
• Changes to student number controls 2012/2013;• Unrestricted recruitment of AAB+
candidates• 9% Reduction of student places to create
margin for 20,000 places for HEIs with average fee below £7,500
• Changes to data landscape to improve data provision for students – Key Information Sets
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Implications
• Competition amongst HEIs for AAB+ students• Scholarships increasingly important to attract
these students• Reduced number of places at most HEIs for
students achieving below AAB (thus more competition amongst students)
• Change in student expectations• Change in student choices for degree
programmes
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Scotland: Putting Learners at the Centre
• Scottish Funding Council – covers both Universities and FE Colleges
• Focus on economic growth, jobs, sustainability• Guaranteed appropriate learning place for every 16-
19 yr old• HE/Industry collaboration – Knowledge Exchange
emphasis• Diversity of provision = funding differentiation• Research funding concentration pursued• Flat lining of Scottish/EU numbers• Emphasis on access, retention, articulation,
acceleration and efficiency• Review of Governance underway
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Students in 2009/10
Undergraduate Postgraduate Total
Full-time Female 737,125 146,980 884,105
Full-time Male 596,775 151,275 748,050
Full-time Total 1,333,900 298,255 1,632,155
Part-time Female 364,740 163,340 528,080
Part-time Male 216,070 117,105 333,175
Part-time Total 580,810 280,450 861,260
Total Female 1,101,865 310,320 1,412,185
Total Male 812,845 268,380 1,081,225Total 1,914,710 578,705 2,493,415
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Tertiary Education as % of Population
Brazil
Turk
eyChi
leIta
ly
Portu
gal
Czech
Rep
ublic
Slov
ak R
epub
lic
Mexico
Austri
a
Hunga
ry
Pola
nd
Slov
enia
Greec
e
Germ
any
Luxe
mbo
urg
Fran
ce
OECD a
vera
ge
Spai
n
Icela
nd
Switz
erla
nd
Nethe
rland
s
Swed
en
Unite
d Kin
gdom
Belgi
um
Denm
ark
Irela
nd
Esto
nia
Austra
lia
Norway
Korea
Finla
nd
Unite
d St
ates
New Z
eala
nd
Japa
n
Israe
l
Canad
a
Russian
Fed
erat
ion
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Staff in UK HE Institutions
Academic year
AcademicNon-
academicTotal
2009/10 181,595 205,835 387,430
2008/09 179,040 203,720 382,760
2007/08 174,945 197,510 372,455
2006/07 169,995 194,165 364,160
2005/06 164,875 190,535 355,415
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Income and expenditure 2005/06 to 2009/10
Academic yearTotal income
(£000s)Expenditure
(£000s)
2009/10 26,795,787 25,856,373
2008/09 25,371,918 24,939,307
2007/08 23,428,930 22,877,440
2006/07 21,255,048 21,016,635
2005/06 19,528,413 19,352,832
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Income 2009/10
34%
31%
16%
18%1%
Funding body grants
Tuition fees & education contracts
Research grants & contracts
Other income
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Expenditure 2009/10
31%
25%
36%
5% 2% Staff costs - academic
Staff costs - other
Other operating expenses
Depreciation
Interest and other finance costs
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Expenditure on HE as % of GDP• Finland 1.63• Denmark 1.60• Canada 1.47• Sweden 1.44• Austria 1.23• Belgium 1.23• Norway 1.21• France 1.15• Ireland 1.00• United States 0.99• Czech Republic 0.99• Poland 0.95• New Zealand 0.94• Germany 0.91
• Hungary 0.88• Estonia 0.87• United Kingdom 0.85• Russian Federation 0.85• Slovak Republic 0.79• Mexico 0.79• Australia 0.79• Turkey 0.78• Brazil 0.77• Italy 0.73• Korea 0.64• Japan 0.48• Chile 0.27• OECD average 1.03
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
BREAKInternational Delegates
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
GLOBAL HE – GLOBAL ISSUES: A PARADIGM SHIFT?
International Delegates
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
A paradigm shift in Higher Education?
• John of Salisbury (died 1180) wrote: "If you are a real scholar you are thrust out in the cold. Unless you are a money-maker, I say, you will be considered a fool, a pauper. The lucrative arts, such as law and medicine, are now in vogue, and only those things are pursued which have a cash value."
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
Global HE – Global Issues
1. Costs of Higher Education - Tuition Fees2. Widening Participation3. Funding Limitations4. Student Expectations5. Employability 6. Immigration Regulations7. Growth of Private Providers8. Concentrating Research Funds9. Demographics10. Administrators’ status and role
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
1: Tuition Fees
• Brown Review: no cap• Variable fees of £6k to £9k for English HEIs• Different fee regimes in Ireland, Scotland and
Wales• Repayments once earning £21k• First cohort - September 2012
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
2. Widening Participation
• All publicly funded providers of higher education in England that wish to charge tuition fees above the basic level have to submit an access agreement for approval annually by OFFA (Office for Fair Access)
• Access measures cover a broad range of activities including outreach activities to raise aspirations and attainment, financial support such as fee waivers, bursaries and scholarships, and measures to improve retention.
• OFFA monitor progress in meeting access agreement commitments.
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
3: Funding Limitations
• Global financial crisis (?) has led to reduced government funding for Higher Education .
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
4: Student Expectations
• Growing expectations• Reflection of society in
general not just caused by tuition fees
• Teaching and feedback • National Students
Survey and Key Information Sets
• IT and physical infrastructure – digital revolution
• Student Services• Accommodation• Litigation
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
4: Immigration Regulations
• Political pressure to ‘control’ immigration• Highly Trusted Sponsor• Points Based System• UKBA visits to HEIs
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
5: Employability
Wilson Review 2012 recommendations:• Encouragement of sandwich degrees • Endorses internships as part of programmes of
study• Advocates enterprise skills and business
experience for postgraduate research students and postdoctoral staff
• Development of a distinctive postgraduate KIS• Assessment of the use of the Higher Education
Achievement Report (HEAR) in graduate recruitment
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
6: Growth of Private Providers
• UUK Report – a threat to public institutions?
SubjectFurther
EducationOther
UGFirst
Degree PG Total
Laboratory-based subjects
4
-
674 117
795
Subjects with a studio, laboratory or fieldwork element
595
852
1,434
327
3,208
Business, management and law
17,356
4,002
9,810
14,084
45,252
Other subjects
335 1,439
3,140
1,859
6,773
Total 18,290
6,293
15,058
16,387
56,028
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
7: Concentrating Research Funds
The Russell Group• Concentrating limited
research funding on the highest-quality research ensures the most effective distribution of funding and the greatest returns on investment.
University Alliance• Members of the
University Alliance believe that the UK must continue to fund excellence in research, wherever it exists, if we are to maintain our position as second in the world behind the US.
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
7: Demographics
Projected UK Population, aged 18-20: 2008 to 2020
2008 2010 2015 20201,800,000
1,900,000
2,000,000
2,100,000
2,200,000
2,300,000
2,400,000
2,500,000
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
8: Administrators’ status and role
• Development of the status of professional administrative and management staff in higher education
• “Any academics who think their university and all its elements revolve around them may have to prepare for a cosmic shift.” THE, 14 April 2011
Expenditure Staff-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Academic Other
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
HOW TO GET THE MOST FROM THE AUA CONFERENCE
International Delegates
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
1: Keep an eye on the time
The conference will be run strictly according to the published timetable; so it’s important you make sure to leave enough time to get to your next session. Entering a session late (say, more than about five or ten minutes) may cause disruption and spoil the experience for other delegates.
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
2: Turn off your phone
You will need to make sure that your turn off your mobile phone during conference sessions, as it is considered impolite to receive calls and talk during a conference session. If you do need to receive calls during a conference session, please put your phone on silent and sit near the door .
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
3: Network and Enjoy yourself
Everyone will be interested in talking to you, so you should make the most of the opportunities to talk with other delegates. When meeting new people remember that the British custom is to shake hands.There are many excellent sessions to attend where you will acquire useful new skills and knowledge – but make sure to find time for some fun too!
International Delegates' Induction Session 2012
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