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The Art of Online Facilitation workshop: slides from day 2.
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THE A
RT O
F ONLIN
E
FACILI
TATI
ON
MA
RC
H 2
3 &
30
, 2
01
1
REVIEW: SYNCHRONOUS VS. ASYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION
ASYNCHRONOUS VS. SYNCHRONOUS COMMUNICATION
Asynchronous Synchronous
Different places, different times
Different places, same time
Mostly text-based, but can include other media
Often includes voice and/or video, text chat and visual materials
Generally more stable, technology-wise
Can be prone to connectivity issues
Individual One-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many
Many communication cues are lost (like eye contact, tone of voice, body language)
Allows some forms of “natural” communication to re-emerge (tone of voice, visual cues)
Participants have a chance to think before posting
Communication and feedback are immediate
ASSIGNMENT: EVALUATING TOOLS
Photograph by Yousuf Karsh. Canada Archives.
WHAT IS A FACILITATOR?
WHAT IS A FACILITATOR?
• One who helps participants learn from an activity
• Literal meaning: “one who makes things easy”
• May also be called a trainer, or chair depending on the aims of your group
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:
flickr photo by dmkemontoh
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:1. Lead introductory community-building activities
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:1. Lead introductory community-building activities
• Participants get to know each other
• “break the ice”
• Become familiar with group procedure and process
• Model appropriate behaviour
• Allow time to get comfortable, ensure that technology is working
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:1. Lead introductory community-building activities
Games and conversation starters:
• 10 things about me
• 2 truths, 1 lie
• My favourite vacation
• 3 wishes
• Adding to a story
• The question game
flickr photo by c.a.muller
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:2. Provide support for technical trouble, and those unfamiliar
with the online environment
Provide resources for your participants:
• Send out support materials before the course/meeting/event
• Does the software provider have any tutorials or help files available?
• Do you have access to IT support?
• Look for publicly available help and tutorials in places like YouTube or Lynda.com
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:2. Provide support for technical trouble, and those unfamiliar
with the online environment
Organize a “meet and greet”:
• This is a low-stakes meeting where the primary
goal is to ensure that participants can connect in the
online environment without difficulty
• Schedule a week in advance of the actual event
• Can also serve as a social/ice-breaker activity
flickr photo by oooh.ooh
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:2. Provide support for technical trouble, and those unfamiliar
with the online environment
Have a “scavenger hunt”:
• Gets participants used to locating and using resources
• Can be as simple or complicated as you want
• Encourages participants to bring their own
findings to the discussion
flickr photo by ToNToN CoPT
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
The WRITE way to communicate online:
(W)armth
(R)esponsiveness
(I)nquisitiveness
(T)entativeness
(E)mpathy
(adapted from: The Online Teaching Guide: A handbook of attitudes, strategies and techniques for the virtual classroom, by Ken W. White and Bob H. Weight)
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
CONFLICT
Flickr photo by Burns!
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
CONFLICTCan arise from:
• Misunderstanding
• Misinterpretation
• Deeply held beliefs
• Comfort & safety
Flickr photo by Burns!
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
CONFLICTCan be avoided:
• By modeling desired behaviour
• By rephrasing
• By moving some conversations
to private venues
Flickr photo by Burns!
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
DIFFUSING CONFLICT – rephrasing• “Homosexuality is wrong.”
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
DIFFUSING CONFLICT – rephrasing• “Homosexuality is wrong.”
• “The Bible says homosexuality is wrong.”
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
DIFFUSING CONFLICT – rephrasing• “Homosexuality is wrong.”
• “The Bible says homosexuality is wrong.”
• “The Bible says homosexuality is wrong. See Genesis 19, Jude 7 and Romans 1.”
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
DIFFUSING CONFLICT – rephrasing• “Homosexuality is wrong.”
• “The Bible says homosexuality is wrong.”
• “The Bible says homosexuality is wrong. See Genesis 19, Jude 7 and Romans 1.”
• “I believe homosexuality is wrong, based on my reading of Genesis 19, Jude 7 and Romans 1.”
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:3. Acknowledge the diversity of participants’ backgrounds and
interests
DIFFUSING CONFLICT – rephrasing• “Homosexuality is wrong.”
• “The Bible says homosexuality is wrong.”
• “The Bible says homosexuality is wrong. See Genesis 19, Jude 7 and Romans 1.”
• “I believe homosexuality is wrong, based on my reading of Genesis 19, Jude 7 and Romans 1.”
• “I believe homosexuality is wrong, based on my reading of Genesis 19, Jude 7 and Romans 1, but recognize that others read those same passages differently.”
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
flickr photo by Bryan Champ
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
:-)
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
:-(
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
:-/
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
>:-(
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
;-)
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
:-o
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
<3
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
</3
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
@--<---
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
8-D
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
c.c
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
19-Sep-82 11:44 Scott E Fahlman :-)From: Scott E Fahlman <Fahlman at Cmu-20c> I propose that the following character sequence for joke markers: :-) Read it sideways. Actually, it is probably more economical to markthings that are NOT jokes, given current trends. For this, use :-(
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
(^_^)
(~_^)
(>_<)
(>_>)
(^3^)
^///^
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:4. Infuse personality with tone, graphics, and humour
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:5. Maintain a nurturing pace of responding
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:5. Maintain a nurturing pace of responding
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:5. Maintain a nurturing pace of responding
“Hold that thought…”
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:6. Balancing private conversation and public discussion
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:6. Balancing private conversation and public discussion
Private conversation:
• Conflict that is not resolving
• Participants who are dominating or not participating at all
• Specific discussions about evaluation
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:6. Balancing private conversation and public discussion
Public discussion:
• Something that affects the whole group
• When the same question is asked by many participants
• General feedback to the group
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:7. Organizing posts and discussion threads
ENSURING THE SUCCESS OF YOUR ONLINE GROUP:7. Organizing posts and discussion threads
In every online discussion:
• Introductions/social space
• Technical help
• General questions (“office space”)
• News/announcements (housekeeping)
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ONLINE COMMUNITY
image source: http://www.truthtree.com/evolute.shtml
PARTICIPANT INVOLVEMENT: SHIFTING ROLES
flickr photo by Colby Stewart
PARTICIPANT INVOLVEMENT: BALANCING ONLINE AND OFFLINE ACTIVITY
flickr photo by courosa
flickr photo by vanhookc
PARTICIPANT INVOLVEMENT: REFLECTION
flickr photo by johnrite
COMPUTER LOGIN
User: ent234Pass: 20wint11
ONLINE DISCUSSION BOARDS
http://onlinegroups.proboards.com
Username: first name, last initial (ex. jaymiek)Password: 20wint11
ONLINE DISCUSSION BOARDS
Online discussion boards are typically organized in to “threads” – topics or categories of conversation that contain a number of individual discussions.
flickr photo by vpickering
ONLINE DISCUSSION BOARDS
Messages within threads are like stacking dolls – as participants reply to individual messages, the thread gets “deeper”.
As a facilitator, it is important to note the depth of threads, and keep in mind that sometimes people hit “reply” to the main message, when in fact they are replying to a message deeper down in the thread.
flickr photo by Grumbler %-|
GROUP ROLES
Image source: http://www.artswells.com/contact-us/applications
GROUP ROLES
• Assigning roles can help online communication go beyond a simple exchange of information to real learning and productive communication.
• Group dynamics naturally results in different roles being played
• Assigning roles can give participants a framework or basis for their responses
• Can help ensure more equal levels of participation from everyone
Image source: http://www.artswells.com/contact-us/applications
EVALUATION
Image source: http://blog.only2clicks.com/2007/09/new-feedback-comments.html
EVALUATION
Formative assessment:
• Ongoing
• Can be used to improve facilitation technique during the course of a class
• Shows facilitator involvement and responsiveness
• Important for checking for understanding among the group
• Best if used regularly, as part of your facilitation routine (when possible)
• Participants/students can use formative feedback to monitor their progress
EVALUATION
Summative assessment:
• Occurs at the end of a course/series of meetings
• Summative assessment is used to evaluate student/participant competency at the end of a course of instruction (when needed)
• Important to give participants some space/time to reflect on the experience as a whole
• Important for influencing the design and redesign of workshops/courses
EVALUATION
• Focus groups:• Can be more time to organize (getting a focus group together)• Can allow you to focus on a particular sub-group (ex. those having
technical trouble, or difficulty with a particular concept)• Group dynamics can work in your favour: you often get rich and
detailed feedback when a group discusses together• Depending on the size of your group, the “focus group” can
include everyone
EVALUATION
• Surveys:• Easy to construct, use and collect data from• Lots of tools are available to conduct surveys online• The best way to allow for anonymous feedback
http://www.surveymonkey.com
EVALUATION
• Surveys:• Easy to construct, use and collect data from• Lots of tools are available to conduct surveys online• The best way to allow for anonymous feedback
https://sites.google.com/site/facilitatinggroupsonline/course-evaluation
(course website + “Course Evaluation” in the LH menu)
THANK YOU!
flickr photo by omgdek
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