لؤي النداف/ مؤتمر الكويت للعلوم الإحصائية

Tourism Satellite AccountLouay Al-Naddaf

Kuwait, 26-Sep-2013

If you want to Manage it, You need to measure it.

If you want to measure it, you need to describe it.

Travel Industry

Tourism Industry

INDÚSTRIA DE VIAGEM & TURISMO

Hospitalidade, recreação, catering,diversão, transporte, e outrosserviços relacionados

ECONOMIA DE VIAGEM &TURISMO

Impressão, publicação, energia,serviços financeiros,fornecimento de equipamento,alimentos, segurança,administração, construçãocivil, construção naval,fornecimento de bebidas,ferro/aço, fabricação deaeronaves, madeira,mineração, produtos químicos,têxteis, combustíveis, plásticos,serviços de saneamento, flores,decorações , produtosmetálicos, computadores,arquitetos, desenvolvimento deresorts, atacadistas, serviços delavanderia, informática.

Direct spending by visitors is only the tip of the iceberg

The indirect impact of tourism is much larger

Relatively easy to measure: visitor numbers, expenditure

Hard to measure: subsequent spend by suppliers, induced effects, investment etc

Huge Economic Impact

Tourism and development planning

Tourism development , because of its economic , socio – cultural and environmental impacts , requires considerable planning if it is to be successful and sustainable .Private sector and public sector should co – operate and co – ordinate in tourism development .The emphasis of tourism development planning has moved away from the rigid grand design master plan in favor of more flexible and reactive development plans .

Indirect Impact

Indirect effects: generated from economic activity of subsequent expenditure (e.g.: hotels purchase supplies and use local services)Induced effects: arising from spending of income occurring to local residents from tourism wages and profitsInvestment activity: arising from capital investment in new facilities for visitorsGovernment: public sector funding

Tourism Multipliers used to calculate indirect impactsBermuda Tourism Multipliers reached 3.6 which is the highest in the world

Non-Quantitative Methods to Gage the Economic Impact of Tourism

Critical Factor Analysis: Attractions/activities location facilities and services infrastructure community coordination competition

Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism

Places new stress on existing infrastructureExpanded police and fire protection, search & rescue, and medical services often neededOther public services neededWhere does the tourist money go?High-risk and seasonality of tourism enterprise Under-employment and Unemployment

Negative Economic Impacts of Tourism

Additional capital and maintenance costs for public amenities parks, convention centers, recreation areas, libraries, museums,

historic restorations

Increasing numbers of visitors means increasing local population need for educational services, hospitals, housing, public welfare,

and overall economic development

Tourism expansion demands greater quantities of land and other resources. Competes with existing land uses and

other economic development opportunities.

The social impacts of tourism

Positive Impacts

Negative Impacts

Improves quality of life Increased prostitution

Increase availability of recreation facilities and opportunities

Increased alcoholism

Improves quality of fire and police protection

Heightened tension

Improves understanding and image of different communities or cultures

Increasingly hectic community and personal life

Facilitates meeting visitors (an educational experience)

Increased traffic congestion

Improves quality of life Increased noise

The environmental impacts of tourism

Positive Impacts:Promotes administrative and planning controlsImplementation of environmental clean-up and restorationAllows for improvement and preservationProtects wildlife and plant speciesPromotes non-consumptive uses

Negative Impacts:Over-crowdingOver-developmentMaximizing visitation at expense of the natural resourceRecreational impacts on wildlife and fragile vegetationAir and water pollutionCrime and vandalismSouvenir collection

Socio-Cultural Impacts of Tourism

Tourist—Host Relationships & InteractionsEthnic/Cultural differencesLanguage differencesExpectationsTime patternsSpatial patternsIntensity of developmentSize of communityCommoditization

Tourist Core

Periphery

Periphery

The Concept Of Tourism Satellite Account

Tourism Satellite Account TSA

A Satellite Account is a term developed by the UN to Measure the size of economic sectors that are not defined as industries in national accounts. Tourism is the first activity to use world wide satellite account standards to measure its impact on national economies- as approved by the UN 2000.Tourism is a unique phenomenon as it is defined by the consumer or the visitors. Visitors buy goods and services both tourism and non-tourism alike TSA is a new statistical instrument designed to measure these goods and services according to international standards of concepts, classifications and definitions which will all allow for valid comparisons with other industries and eventually from country to country and to group of countries.

The TSAProvides credible data on the impact of tourism and the associated employmentIs a standard framework for organizing statistical data on tourismIs a new international standard endorsed by the un Statistical CommissionIs a powerful instrument for designing economic policies related to tourism developmentProvides data on tourism’s impact on the nation’s balance of paymentsProvides information on tourism human resource characteristics

TSA MeasuresTourism contribution to the GDPTourism’s ranking compared to another economic sectorsThe number of jobs created by tourism in an economyThe amount of tourism investmentTax revenues generated by tourism industriesTourism consumptionTourism’s impact on a nation’s balance of paymentsCharacteristics of tourism humans resources

The Key Players to Develop TSA

National statistical officesNational Tourism AdministrationsCentral banksAssociations of National tourism enterprises Information producing Units such as tourism enterprises and establishments Transportation departments Customs and Excise Immigrations