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2International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
ContentsAbbreviations 3
1. The Zambezi River Basin 4
2. Background to the Zambezi River Basin Initiative 6
3. Assessments 8 Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments (VCA) 8 Branch Capacity Assessments (BCA) 10
4. The challenges 12
5. The profile of targeted beneficiaries 14
6. Programme design 16
7. Cross-cutting issues 18 Gender analysis 18 Environmental analysis 18
8. Programme sectors: Goals, objectives and expected outcomes 19
Disasterpreparednessandriskreduction 19 Food security 20 Community-basedhealthandfirstaid 20 Organizationaldevelopmentandcapacitybuilding 20
9. Programme cycle and phases 21
10. Sustainability considerations 22
11. Management and coordination 24 Humanitarian diplomacy 24
12. Monitoring and evaluation 26
13. Budget design and financial planning 27
Reference list 28
Appendix 1: Logical framework 30
Appendix 2: Budget 38
3Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Abbreviations
Abbreviations AIDS AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome
ART AntiretroviralTherapy
BCA Branch Capacity Assessment
CB Capacity Building
CBHFA Community-Based Health and First Aid
DM Disaster Management
DMC Disaster Management Coordinator
DRT DisasterResponseTeam
HDI Human Development Index
HDR Human Development Report
HIV HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus
IEC Information,EducationandCommunication
IFRC InternationalFederationofRedCross andRedCrescentSocieties
LLITNs LongLastingInsecticideTreatedBedNets
M&E MonitoringandEvaluation
MCH Maternal and Child Health
NS NationalSocieties
OD OrganizationalDevelopment
OVC Orphans and Vulnerable Children
PHAST ParticipatoryHygiene AndSanitationTransformation
PLHIV People Living with HIV
PMER Planning,Monitoring,EvaluationandReporting
PMTCT PreventionofMotherToChildTransmission
PNS PartnerNationalSocieties
PSP PsychosocialSupportProgramme
SPHERE Humanitarian Charter and Minimum StandardsinDisasterResponse
UNAIDS UnitedNationsJointProgrammeonHIV/AIDS
UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme
UNICEF UnitedNationsChildren’sFund
VCA Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment
VCT VoluntaryCounsellingandTesting
WATSAN WaterandSanitation
ZRBI ZambeziRiverBasinInitiative
4International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
a1. The Zambezi River Basin
Anincreaseinthefrequency,complexityandmagnitudeofnaturaldi-sasters andepidemics in southernAfrica, combinedwith socio-eco-nomicshocks,haveconspiredtoexacerbatethevulnerabilityofcom-munities across the region. Extremeweather conditions, influencedinpartbyclimatechange,arealsounderminingalreadylow-levelsofagriculturalproduction.Thesefactors,compoundedofcoursebystillstratosphericratesofHIVinfection,haveincreasedmortalityandmor-bidityrates,malnutritionandthenumberoforphansandvulnerablechildren (OVC), and have sped up the depletion of household assetbases1.
Table 1: Socio-economic indicators for countries along the Zambezi River
The Zambezi, Africa’s fourth largest river, flows 2,574 kilometresacrosssouthernAfrica.Fromitssourceintheblack,marshywetlandsofnorthernZambia,theZambeziwindsitswaythroughAngola,alongthebordersofNamibia,BotswanaandZimbabwe,beforepouring it-selfthroughMozambiqueandintotheIndianOcean.Duringperiodsofflooding,itsbackflowsimpactcommunitieslivingalongtheShireRiver,amajortributaryoftheZambeziinMalawi.
The1.39millionkm²riverbasinishometoabout32millionpeople,80percentofwhomdependonagriculture,whilstcommunitieslivingontheZambezi’sshoresrelyheavilyonfishing.Assuch,theriveroffers
Population, Life expectancy Under-five HIV prevalence Human Population Population Population using total (million), at birth, annual mortality rate (% aged 15-49), Development living below using improved improved sanitation 2005 estimates (years), (per 1000 live 2005 Index rank, $2 a day (%), water source (%) (%) 2004 Country 2005 births), 2005 2005 1990-2005 2004
Angola 16.1 41.7 260 3.7 162 .. 53 31
Botswana 1.8 48.1 120 24.1 124 55.5 95 42
Malawi 13.2 46.3 125 14.1 164 62.9 73 61
Mozambique 20.5 42.8 145 16.1 172 74.1 43 32
Namibia 2.0 51.6 62 19.6 125 55.8 87 25
Zambia 11.5 40.5 182 17 165 87.2 58 55
Zimbabwe 13.1 40.9 132 20.1 151 83.0 81 53
Source: UNDP: HDR 2007-08
1. IFRC. Southern Africa Zone, Plan 2009-2010, http://www.ifrc.org/where/plan_budget/index.asp
5Zambezi River Basin Initiative
The Zambezi River Basin
tremendoushealth,agriculturalandeconomicbenefitsasasourceofdrinkingwater,fish,irrigationforagriculture,transport,hydro-electricpowerandtourism.
However,thebasinisalsohometosomeofthemostacutevulnerabil-ityinsouthernAfrica.Changingclimates,coupledwithenvironmentaldegradation,haveexacerbatedtheannualfloodingseenalongsomestretchesoftheriver,displacingandaffectinghundredsofthousandsofpeopleeachyear.
Oncethewatersrecedeorlevel-off,impoverishedcommunitiesmustthen face outbreaks of water-borne diseases such as cholera and dys-entery,andincreasedratesofvector-bornediseasessuchasmalaria.Countries and communities along the Zambezi are also faced withstratospheric rates of HIV prevalence, ranging from almost four toabove24percent.
Whilefloodingrendersbasincommunitiesvulnerablebydispossessingthemoftheirassetsandtheirmeanstodeveloptheirlivelihoods,suchvulnerabilityis,inturn,exacerbatedbytheprevailinghealth,socialandeconomicconditionsfacingthecommunities.Annualfloodingdoesnotintroducevulnerabilityintothebasinsystem.Insteaditreinforcesandworsensthealreadyacutevulnerabilityofcommunities.
Figure 1: Zambezi River Basin affected provinces and districts
Source: IFRC GENEVA2
The maps used do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or National Societies concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities.
6International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
tThe Zambezi River Basin Initiative (ZRBI) represents a shared visionamongst southernAfricaNational Societies - oneofmaximising theimpactofRedCross interventions inan integratedandholisticway.At itsMay2008annualmeeting, theSouthernAfricaPartnershipofRedCrossSocieties (SAPRCS) reflectedon recentRedCross regionalreliefoperationsinthewakeoffloodinginAngola,Botswana,Malawi,Mozambique,Namibia,ZambiaandZimbabwe3.Over thepastsevenyears,itwasnoted,semi-regularfloodinghadbecomealmostannual,affectingcommunities livingalongthebasintovaryingdegrees.Fur-thermore,whilstRedCrossfloodoperationshadmanagedtoavertloss
3.http://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/annual08/MDR63001.pdf
2. Background to the Zambezi River Basin Initiative
7Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Background to the Zambezi River Basin Initiative
of lifeandlivestockandtopreventdiseaseoutbreaks, itwasarguedthat thechallenges facedbyaffectedcommunitieswerebeyondthescopeofemergencyrelief.
Themeetingconcluded thatan integratedandcomprehensive long-termmitigationintervention,onethatlinkedtheoftendisparatecon-ceptsofreliefanddevelopment,wasnecessarytoreducevulnerabilitytofloodsandotherthreatsintheriverbasinenvironment.
TheInternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties’(IFRC)southernAfricaofficewasaskedtoappointatechnicalteamtosupport the development of the ZRBI concept and to convene a meet-ingofthedisastermanagementcoordinators(DMCs)ofthesevenNa-tionalSocietiesinvolvedintheinitiative.
Asimilarcrossborderinitiative–theLakeVictoriaProgramme(LVP)-hadbeenundertakeninEasternAfrica,wheretheNationalSociet-iesfromKenya,UgandaandTanzaniahadcometogethertoaddressthechronicvulnerabilitiesofcommunitieslivingaroundAfrica’slarg-est lake. The secretary general of the Ugandan Red Cross and theSwedishRedCross’disastermanagementfocalpoint,whohadbothbeen involved in the development and implementation of the LVP, were invited toattend theZRBI consultativemeeting to share theirexperiences.
ItwasagreedatthismeetingthatdetailedbaselinesurveysandVul-nerability and Capacity Assessments (VCA) needed to be carried out inordertomapthefundamentalvulnerabilitiesofcommunitiesintheZRBIcatchmentarea,withthisanalysis tobesupplementedwith in-formationfromtheUnitedNations(UN),theSouthernAfricaDevelop-mentCommunity(SADC)andfromgovernments.
In addition, the group also decided toundertake a series of BranchCapacityAssessments(BCAs)toestablishandprioritizetechnicalsup-port needs for the development of Red Cross Branches located in the basin.
TheproposalwasdevelopedinlinewiththeIFRC’sFramework for Com-munity Safety and Resilience,whichprovidesafoundationuponwhichRedCrossRedCrescentintegratedcommunity-levelriskreductioncanbeplannedandimplemented.Finally,itisplannedthatthisproposalwillbemarketedundertheumbrellaoftheIFRC’sGlobalAllianceforDisasterRiskReduction.
8International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
v3.1 Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments (VCA)
VCAs were used to map the degree and types of vulnerability within communitieslivingalongtheriverbasin.Theyalsosoughttoinvesti-gate the level andadequacyof existingdefenceand copingmecha-nismsagainstthreatsandhazardsatthecommunitylevel.
The findings from the VCAs are elaborated below and summarizedinTable2.Thesefindingsarecategorized intotwobroadcategories:communityvulnerabilityprofiling,and;communitydefenceandcop-ingmechanisms.
Vulnerability profiles of Zambezi River Basin communities:
Physical and economic vulnerability is more visible due to a history of lossof lives, livestock, infrastructureandmeansof livelihoods,andsubsequentincreasedfoodinsecurityamongcommunitiesex-posedtofloodswhichareoftenfollowedbydroughtepisodes.
Social and health vulnerability which results from displacement and consequent lossofassetsanddislocationfrommeansofproduc-tion. These include post-flood health hazards (water and vector-bornediseases),andtherisksinherentinlivinginresettlementcen-tres(includingincreasedexposuretoviolenceandHIV).
Psychological vulnerability induced by the loss of assets that indi-vidualsandcommunitieshaveworkedalltheirlivesfor,andtheun-derstandablefrustrationsofdependenceonhandoutsininformalemergencytemporaryshelter.
Environmental vulnerabilityduetosoildegradation,deforestationandlossofopportunitiesforselfreliance.
Defence and coping mechanisms of Zambezi River Basin communities:
TheVCAsendorsedthesaddisastermanagementtruismthatthemostvulnerablearetypicallytheworstaffectedbydisasters.Economically-disadvantagedwomen,children,elderlypeople,andsickpeoplewerethemostaffected,astheyaredisproportionallydisenfranchisedfromanymeaningfulassetbased,andareoftenwithoutanytypeofsocialsafetynet(financialsavings,etc).Theyarethereforemorelikelytodis-poseoftheirassetsduringleantimesinanefforttoaccrueresourcestocoverconsumption,andaremostlikelytolosetheirmeagreposses-sionsduringadisaster.
3. Assessments
9Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Assessments
TheVCAalsorevealedthatcommunitieshavecapacitiesinsocialor-ganizationparticularlyasitrelatestodecisionmakingandcommunitycohesion.Anotherimportantcommunitycapacityistheirconvention-alcopingmechanismatdifferentlevelstoprotecttheirvaluableandlong-termassetsduringdifficultperiods.
Table 2: Summary of VCA findings for the seven countries
Country
Angola
Botswana
Malawi
Mozambique
Namibia
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Common hazards
Floods
Droughts
Outbreak of water borne diseases
Marine accidents
Environmental degradation,
Human-animal conflicts(crocodile and hippoattacks)
HIVandAIDS
Vulnerabilities
Lack of early warning system
Limited knowledge on control of animal diseases
Limited safe water sources andsanitationfacilities
Dependency on maize
Lack of inputs and implements
Limited alternativesources of income
Lack of access to credit
Inadequate inputs and obsolete implements
Limited capacity forirrigation
Abundance of mosquito breeding sites in thecommunitiesin stagnant waters
Proximity of game parks and forests to the areas
Capacities
Waterharvestingfor livelihoods (canals,dams,watersheds)
Underground water.
Portionsoffertileland
Perennial water source from the River and its tributaries
Local availability of medicines to control vectors
Potentialfortourism.
Red Cross volunteers
Community cohesion for joint actions
Disaster impacts
Loss of human life
Displacement of families
Foodinsecurity/famine
Heavysiltationofcropfields
Excesswaterlogging,and damage to infrastructure such as bridges
Waterandsanitationchallenges due todestructionofboreholes,shallowwells,contaminationof drinking water
Lossofproperty/assets and livestock
Hippos and crocodile invasion due to the increase of water levels
Source: Compiled VCA for seven National Societies, 2008
10International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
3.2 Branch Capacity Assessments (BCA)
National Red Cross Societies are volunteer-based organizations. Na-tionalSocietybranches,madeupof localvolunteernetworks, serveas the basic structure for the provision of humanitarian services to vul-nerablecommunities.Inadditiontodisastermanagement,volunteersalsoengageinwhatmightbetermedtraditionalRedCrossactivitiessuchasfirstaid,blooddonorrecruitment,tracing,anddisseminationofhumanitarianvaluesandRedCrossFundamentalPrinciples.InthemajorityofsouthernAfricanNationalSocieties,branchesorregionalofficeshavecloserelationshipswiththeirequivalentlocalgovernmentstructure (e.g. region/province, district/division,wardor village, etc)anditisthroughthisrelationshipthattheyareexpectedtofulfiltheirauxiliaryrole.
TheBCAs revealeda total of 11RedCrossbranches in theZambeziRiverBasin catchmentareaswitha combinedmembershipof3,044volunteers.Thecombinedstafftotalled22,althoughsomebranchesdonothavesalariedstaffandinsteadrelyonvolunteerstocarryoutadministrativetasksaswellashumanitarianactivities.
Intermsofresources,somebrancheshavebasicfacilitiessuchasoffices,warehouses,meansoftransportandcommunicationequipment.How-ever,theseassetsareoftenoldandworn-out.Otherbranchesreportedminimalornon-existentassetbases,operatinginsteadfromlimitedfa-cilitiesmadeavailabletothembythelocalschooloradministrator.
Inadequatefinancialresourcesareanotherareaofconcern.Manystaffareactuallyprojectofficerswhosecontractsarelikelytobeterminat-edatthecompletionoftheirproject.Otherchallengespertaintoweakbranchleadershipandmanagement,aswellasalackofvisibilityinthecommunity thatmakes the recruitment and retentionof volunteersdifficult.Ingeneral,thebranches’areorientedtowardsadhocactivi-tiesthataredeterminedbytheavailabilityof fundsratherthansys-tematicallyplannedlowcosthighimpactactivitiesdesignedtoreducevulnerabilityincommunities.
Insummary,theassessmentsidentifiedanumberofareasforwhichinterventionwasnecessaryinaccordancewithGoalNumberthreeoftheIFRC’sGlobalAgenda:
a) Development of structures and systems for best branch manage-mentthataddressvolunteerrecruitmentandmanagement.
b) Equipping branch leadership and management with the necessary knowledgeandskillsforeffectiveandefficientbranchmanagement.
c) Equipping volunteers with the necessary knowledge and skills for iden-tifyingneeds,planningactivities,deliveringandassessingimpact.
d) Equipping branch leadership and management with the necessary knowledgeandskillsonfundraisingandlocalresourcemobilization.
11Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Southern Africa
Community hazard mapping from the Kalimbeza and Lisikili communi-tiesinNamibiashowthattheZambeziRiverissituatedalongthenorth-ern part of each community with tributaries that are fed by the over-flow fromthe river surrounding thecommunities.Whilst thismakesboth communitiesmore vulnerable tofloods, the systemalsoholdswaterforlongperiodsandprovidesthecommunitieswithapotentialforwintercroppingandfishing.
Case Study Kalimbezi and Lisikili communities in Namibia
1. Kalimbeza Community Hazard Mapping2.Lisikili Community Hazard Mapping
1
2
12International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
tTheZambeziRiverbasinischaracterisedbynumerousshortandhighgradient river systems which feed alluvial soil into the lowlands making thislandhighlyfertile.However,theobviousresultantbenefitsoflivingalongthefertilebasinnotwithstanding,communitieshaveincreasinglysufferedasaresultofcyclicalflooding.Inthepasteightyears,floodinginthebasinhasresultedinmassdisplacements,hascausedoutbreaksofwater-borneandvector-bornediseases,andhasdevastatedcropsandlivestock,aswellasdamagingtheenvironment.
With the primary sources of livelihoods along the basin being crop pro-duction, animal rearing, small businesses andfishing, these impactshaveservedtosetcommunitiesbackeconomically,andhavecompro-misedtheirabilitytoproducefoodsufficientfortheirownneeds.Foodinsecurity in the basin is increasingly becoming an issue of concern for bothgovernmentsandhumanitarianagencies.
4. The challenges
13Zambezi River Basin Initiative
The challenges
Although southern African National Societies do have disaster pre-paredness mechanisms in place, the BCAs revealed that branchesalongthebasinweretypicallywithoutthecapacitytomountfirstlineresponseinterventions,reliantinsteadonthedeploymentofback-upsupportfromoftendistantheadquarters.
However, emergency situations are but one of the challenges thatcommunitieslivingalongthebasinface.Thebasinisthehottestpartineachofthesixcountriesthatsharetheriver.This,coupledwithstag-nantwaterinthewakeoffloods,meansthattheincidenceofvector-bornediseases–particularlymalaria–arehigh.
Secondly,threeofthecountriesborderNamibia’sCapriviStrip,anar-rowstretchof land inthenorth-eastof thecountry.Thismakesthemobilityofpeoplebetweenthefourcountriesfairlyeasy;thisbeingthe type of informal population movement that contributes to thespreadofHIV.GrowingHIVprevalenceratesplaceadditionalpressureson riverbasin communitiesas sicknessandeventualdeathdepriveshouseholdsofasubstantialpartof theirmeansofproduction.Pres-sureisparticularlyheavyonwomenwhoareoftenexpectedtobearthetripleburdenofcaring for thesickandordying,caring for theirchildren,andassumingtheroleofbreadwinner.
With the exceptionofMalawi and Zambia, districtswithin the riverbasin are isolated geographically from their respective capital cities– the resulting implications in terms of basic service delivery beingfairlyobvious.SimilartrendsarereplicatedwithinthesevenNationalRedCrossSocieties.NationalSocietiesdohavebranches intheriverbasin.However,thesebranchesarenotasvibrantasthoseclosertoheadquartersandtheirrelativeisolationmeansthattheyreceivelessin termsof technical support,monitoringandsupervision.Resultantunder-developed capacity has meant that emergency response opera-tionsalongtheriverhaveturnedouttobeveryexpensive,beingrunmoreorlessfromdistantheadquarters.
14International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
kKnowingandunderstandingvulnerablecommunitiesisasimportantasunderstanding the fact that vulnerability cannot be treated as a single category. Vulnerability affects various socio-economic groups differ-ently.Groupingbeneficiariesbyage,gender,location,andhouseholdsize therefore provides an overview of the extent of vulnerability along theriverbasin.
VCAsshowedthatmostvulnerablegroupsarechildren,female-headedhouseholds,elderly-headedhouseholds,largehouseholdswithmanydependents,householdswithcriticallyillmembersespeciallythosein-fectedwithHIV,andhouseholdswithlimitedassets.Targetgroupscanbefurtherclassifiedinthefollowingmanner:
Category 1: Extremelypoor:Households in thiscategoryareunabletomakealivinginnormaltimeswithoutsomeformofassistance(ex-ample:manyoftheelderly;manyofthefemaleheadedhouseholds;peoplelivingwithHIV).
Category 2: Chronically vulnerable:mosthouseholdsunder this cat-egoryareclassifiedaspoorandfallbelowtheacceptedpovertyline.Unlikethefirstgroup,householdsinthisgroupareeconomicallypro-ductiveand,dependingontheir livelihood,canrespondto interven-tionsaimedatsupportinglivelihood.
Category 3: Transitory vulnerable: Households in this category arenormallyable tomakean independent livelihood,butneedsupportinhardtimes.Examplesarehouseholdswithashortageofagriculturaltoolsandseeds.
TheZRBIwilltargetthesethreecategories;groupsthataremostvul-nerabletothethreatoffloodsanddroughtandtheirpotentialinten-sificationdue to climate change.Approximately 235,800peoplewillbenefit directly from the proposed objectives over the three yearsof the initiative,mostlywomenand children.Anadditional400,000peoplewholiveclosetotargeteddistrictswillbenefitindirectlyfromaprogrammeoftraininginearlywarningsystems,disasterprepared-ness,andmalariaandHIVpreventivemeasures.Thusthetotalnumberofbeneficiariesis635,800.
5. The profile of targeted beneficiaries
Total 235,800
15Zambezi River Basin Initiative
The profile of targeted beneficiaries
Table 3: Direct beneficiaries of the Zambezi River Basin InitiativeTable 3: Direct beneficiaries of the Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Country
Angola
Botswana
Malawi
Mozambique
Namibia
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Province
Muchiku
Chobe
Nsanje
Manica,Tete,Sofala,Zambezia
Caprivi
Southern&Western
MashonalandWest,MashonlandCentral,MatebelelandNorth
District Constituency
Kazumbu
Chobe
Nsanje
Tambara,Mopeia,Cala
KatimaMulilo,Kabbe
Kazungula,Sesheke
Muzarabani,Kariba,Hwange
Binga,Mbiri
Number of Beneficiaries
30,000
21,000
19,200
94,600
24,000
22,000
25,000
Total 235,800
16International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
tThe initiative has been developed to reduce vulnerability and buildcommunity resilience against hazards and threats in their environ-ment.TheVCAsandBCAsconductedbyNationalSocietiesindicatedthefollowingprioritiesforincreasedorenhancedinterventions:
Disasterpreparedness,responseandriskreduction;
Foodsecurity;
HIV,choleraandmalariaprevention;
Waterandsanitation,and;
Capacitybuilding.
Figure 2: ZRBI: A regional and integrated approach
6. Programme design
Adapta ontoclimatechangerisks
FoodSecurity
EnvironmentalManagement
Community-baseddisastermanagement
ARegionalandIntegratedApproachZRBI
BuildingCommunityResilience
DisasterPreparednessDisasterRiskReduc on
HealthCareandHIVPreven onWaterandSanita on
CapacityBuilding
CommunitybasedHealthandFirstAid
MalariaandCholerapreven on
HIV/AIDSpreven onawareness
BranchCapacity
Volunteersdevelopment
Communitypar cipa on
Sustainability
Communityownership
17Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Cross-cutting issues
The initiative reflectsanunderstandingof the inherentweaknessofpurelyreactiveandresponse-orientateddisastermanagement.Whilstemergencyresponsesdoandwillcontinuetoplayanimportantrolein termsof reducing the lossesof lives and livelihoods, theydonotreducevulnerabilityinasustainablemanner.Thelong-termimplemen-tationofstrongrisk reduction, foodsecurity,health,HIVpreventionandcapacitybuildingactivitiesistheonlywaytoachievesustainablereductionsofvulnerability.
Thesecondpremiseunderpinningthedesignof this initiative is thatrisingandchangingrisksmeanthatorganizationscannolongersim-plylooktobuildonpastexperiences.Communitiesalongtheriverba-sin have been living with disasters for centuries and their responses to such challenges have typically been based on traditional and so-cial ties. Thesemechanisms remain crucial.However, in the contextofchangingrisks,andfacedwithalackofearlywarninginformation,suchresponsesarerarelysystematicorplannedandthereforemeetwithvaried levelsof success.Theprogrammewill support localRedCrossbranchesandcommunitiestosystematicallyintegraterelevantinformationaboutchangingrisks,helpingthemtomakeuseofearlywarningsonalltimescalestoimplementrobustsolutions.
Thirdly, theprogramme reflects a regional approach along the riverbasin,recognizingthatcommunitiesinthesevencountriessharemanyofthesamechallengesandresourcesandcouldthereforebenefitfromsimilarsolutions,includingregionalsupportsystemsfortheprovisionofinformation,methodsandtools,andthesharingoflessonslearnt.
Finally,andcrucially,theZRBIreflectsanintegratedapproachacrossthetraditionalareasofworkforNationalRedCrossSocieties. Inthefaceofrisingrisksandcomplexvulnerabilities,disasterresponse,di-sasterpreparedness,foodsecurity,healthandcareandHIVandAIDSactivitiescannotbeimplementedinisolationofeachother.Toachievethisintegration,theZRBIwillfocusonstrengtheningthecapacitiesofRedCrossbranches,aimingtoensurethattheyareabletocoherentlydeliveracrossallprogrammeareas.
TheZRBIwillthereforefocusinitiallyandcontinuouslyonbuildingthecapacityof brancheswithin the riverbasin, focusingonproject andfinancialmanagement, volunteer recruitmentand retention,andes-tablishingcommunicationsystems.Suchanapproachwillalsoensurethatlocalcapacitiesareprioritizedandutilized,servingtoreducecostsandpromotethelong-termsustainabilityoftheinitiative.
Specificfocusthroughoutwillgotowardshelpingcommunitiesadaptto climate threats. Examples of this approach include: conservationbased farming techniques, soil conservation,water-harvesting tech-niquesandreforestation.TheZRBIseesclimatechangeadaptationasan integral component for the building of resilience and coping capac-ityofvulnerablecommunities.
18International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
a7.1 Gender analysis
Althoughdisastersimpactwholecommunities,theirimpactonwomenisoftenmoredevastating,giventheirresponsibilitieswithincommunities.
Floodsfrequentlyclaimfarmorefemalevictims,who,giventheirrespon-sibilitiesintermsofchildcare,collectingdrinkingwater,andpreservingseeds,fuel,foodandcash,typicallyhavelittleornoaccesstoinforma-tionincomparisontomen.Traditionalculturalandsocialnormsresultinwomenhavinglimitedoptions,intermsofevacuationandcontrol.
Furthermore,asaresultofthedisruptionofsocialstructureswhencom-munitiesareforcedtofleetheirhomesandliveinunsecureandtempo-raryresettlementcamps,womenareoftenexposedtosexualexploitation,puttingthemathighriskofcontractingHIV.Inanefforttoaddressthis,communityparticipationprocesseswillensure thatwomenarespecifi-callyaskedabouthowtheycopewithdisastersandthetypeofadditionalassistancetheyrequiretoimprovetheircopingcapacity.Specificattentionwillbegiventoensuretheinclusionofwomeninalltraining,andcom-munitydiscussions.Effortswillbemadetoincreasethenumberoffemalevolunteersinordertoencouragepeerdiscussionamongwomen.
Morespecifically,thefollowingindicatorswillbeusedtomonitorgen-derissues:a) Theinclusionoffemaleheadedhouseholdsintheinitiative;b) Equalsupportgiventofemaleandmalevolunteers;andc) Theinclusionofbothhusbandsandwivesinalltrainingactivities,
allowingthemtobecomeequalpartners.
7.2 Environmental analysis
Enhancingconservation-baseddevelopmentwill facilitatethereduc-tionofwaterrun-offanderosion,maintainingandpromotingenviron-mental determinants that could otherwise perpetuate natural disas-ters.Theestablishmentofnurseriesforagro-forestryandreforestationwillallpositivelycontributetoenvironmentalpromotion.Waterhar-vestingtechniquessuchasthediggingofpits,wellsandtrenches,willbeutilizedtomitigatethreatsofflooding.
Branch and community-level disaster preparedness and mitigationtoolsthattakeintoconsiderationthedifferenttypesofhazards,geo-graphical areas and characteristics of communities will strengthentraditionaldisaster-copingmechanisms.Inaddition,youthgroupsorga-nized by Red Cross volunteer networks will be encouraged to plant trees inthecommunitiesaroundtheriverbasinwherebarelandisexposedtosoilerosionandlong-termdegradation.
7. Cross-cutting issues
t
19Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Programme sectors: Goals, objectives and expected outcomes
Overall goal of the initiativeTheoverallgoaloftheinitiativeistoreducetheimpactofchallengesfacing communitiesalong theZambeziRiverBasin, and improve thequalityoftheirlivesandlivelihoods,throughcomprehensiveandsus-tainabledisastermanagement,branchdevelopment,andhealthandcareprogrammes.
Overall expected outcome: the resilience of 235,800 people livingalong the Zambezi River Basin is strengthened through an integrated programme approach
8.1 Disaster preparedness and risk reduction
Programme component: Reduction of risk and impact of disastersthrough community preparedness
Outcomes
Increasedresilienceofindividualsandcommunitiesreducingtheirvulnerabilitiestorecurrentdisasters.
Increaseduseofcommunity-baseddisasterpreparednesssystems.
Branch and volunteer capacity for disaster preparedness is en-hanced.
CommunityPreparednessisoneofthemosteffectivemethodsofre-ducinglossoflifeandproperty.Duringthe2001floodsinMozambique,1,700peopledied.In2008,floodsofasimilarmagnitudeclaimed40lives,astaggeringimprovementthatcanbelargelyattributedtoeffec-tivecommunity-levelearlywarningsystems,timelyevacuationproce-duresandbroadcommunitypreparedness.
Inlinewiththeselessons,theZRBIwillenhancereadinesstorespondthrough community-based disaster preparedness programming with anemphasisoncommunity-basedearlywarningsystems.
8. Programme sectors: goals, objectives and expected outcomes
20International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
8.2 Food security
Programmecomponent:Increasecommunityaccesstoadequateandnutritiousfood
Outcomes
Improvedaccesstohouseholdfoodresources. Increasedhouseholdfoodproduction. Increasedhouseholdfoodconsumption. Increasedownershipofland,livestock,etc.
Food shortages and famine are often the most devastating conse-quencesofdisasters.Experiencealongtheriverbasinhasshownthatforeffectiveandsustainablefoodsecurity,theZRBIshouldaimtomiti-gatethedestructionofcropsbyflooding.Inthisinitiative,theconceptofconservation-baseddevelopmentisbroadlydefinedtoincludetheapplicationofstrongandwell-coordinatedagriculturalextensionandappropriatetechnologyinputswithcogentconservationcomponents.
8.3 Community-based health and first aid
Programme component: Reduction of deaths, illnesses and impactfromdiseasesincommunitiesalongtheZambeziRiverBasin.
Outcomes
Increased community awareness of community-based health inter-ventionsandFirstAid.
Increasedaccesstohealthservicesbycommunities. Increasedcapacityofcommunitiestocopewithhealthchallenges
intimesofrecurrentdisasters. Improvedcommunityaccesstoadequatesafewater,sanitationand
hygiene.Reduced further spread of HIV through community andvolunteerpreventivemeasures.
8.4 Organizational development and capacity building
Programmecomponent:Increasecapacitytoimplementdisasterpre-paredness,responseandrecoveryoperations.
Outcomes
Increased visibility and presence of Red Cross branches located alongtheZambeziRiverbasin.
Increasedcapacityofbranchestobevibrantandwellfunctioning. Increasedaccessandutilisationoflocalresourcesbybranchesalong
theZambeziRiverbasintodeliver lowcost,high impactservices,whicharenotdependentonexternalfunding.
Increased branch capacity in tracking programme performance at communitylevel.
t21
Zambezi River Basin Initiative Programme Cycle and Phases
The lifespanof theZRBIhasbeenset intovariousphases.TheZRBIphasesaredesignedtoensureagradualadoption,modificationandexpansionof theprogramme that integrates community ownership,andaphasingoutprocessthattransfersthemanagementoftheactivi-tiestothecommunities.
Figure 3: Life cycle of the ZRBI
SEED PhASE (ONE yEAR)Identifying target geographical areas and collecting information onvulnerabilities through a comprehensivebaseline survey.During theseedphaserelationshipsandtrustarebuiltwithcommunitiesandlo-calgovernmentauthorities.
9. Programme cycle and phases
SEED PhASE(Feasability and design)
COMMuNITy TRANSFER
IMPLEMENTATION PhASE ONE
IMPLEMENTATION PhASE TwO
(ExPANSION)
IMPLEMENTATION PhASE ThREE
(CONSOLIDATION)
22International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
IMPLEMENTATION (PhASE I): START uP (ThREE yEARS)Thebuildingofcapacitythroughaparticipatoryapproachtocraftingobjectives. Thisphase reflectsnotonlyphysical inputsandoutputs,but also the rateof adoptionatwhich ZRBI target groups takenewideasandnewtechniques.
IMPLEMENTATION (PhASE II): ExPANSION (TwO yEARS)Drawingonlessonsfromphaseone,provedinnovationsandcapacitiesareexpandedtoadjacentareasoftheZRBI.Economiesofscalewillbeharnessedusingsomeoftheexperiencedstaffandvolunteersatlowcost.
IMPLEMENTATION (PhASE III): CONSOLIDATION (TwO yEARS)Theachievementsandlessonslearnedinphaseoneandtwoareevalu-atedandconsolidatedforuseinimplementingphasethree:AsmoreexperiencesaregainedthroughtheZRBI,thecapabilitiesofthebranchstaff and volunteers are improved, strategic partnerships are estab-lished, and community ownership enhanced. As such,modificationsaremadeinstrategyandobjectivesasdeemednecessarytocorrectlimitationsandtoreflectoncurrentrealities.
PhASING OuT (ONE yEAR)Anoverallconsiderationinthephasingoutstrategyisthesequencingandtimingofactivities.Benchmarkindicatorstomeasureeachphaseintothenextwillbeputinplace.OnewayofmeasuringthephasingouttimeistocheckwhetherprioritiesinZRBIarechangingovertime.A gradual scaling down of external resources is also part of the phasing outstrategy.
n23
Zambezi River Basin Initiative Sustainability considerations
NationalSocietieshavedevelopedthisinitiativeinresponsetopriori-tiesandcommunityneedsidentifiedthroughVCAanddiscussionsdur-ingBCA.Thisinitiativeispremisedontheassumptionthatintegratedandcoordinatedprogrammesaremoreeffectiveandthattheyhavefurther reaching impacts on community livelihoods than stand alone disasterresponseoperations,whicharelimitedtoimmediateneeds.
TheNationalSocietieshavevolunteerswhoarelocatedinthemidstofriverbasincommunities,withbasicskillsincommunitylevelactivities.The volunteer resource base therefore ensures technical continuity,participationofcommunitymembersand,mostimportantly,commu-nityownership.Environmentalsustainabilityisguaranteedifcommu-nitiesmaximizethebenefitsandenjoytheinterventionsforalongerperiod.
10. Sustainability considerations
24International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
tThesevenNationalSocietieswillberesponsiblefortheimplementa-tionoftheoperationalplans.AfocalpersonfromoneoftheNationalSocietieswillheadtheimplementationoftheoperationalplans.ThisresponsibilitywillbeannualandrotateamongtheNationalSocieties.
EachNational Societywill designatea focal person for the initiativewho will report to their National Society`s director of programmesthroughthedisastermanagementcoordinator.Atthebranchlevelandintheeventthatabranchdoesnotalreadyhaveone,theNationalSo-cietyshallemployafulltimebranchcoordinatortoplan,coordinate,monitorandsupervisetheactivitiesoutlinedintheZRBI.
Froman IFRCperspective, theZRBIwill be coordinated through thedisastermanagementdepartment.Ataskforcecomposedofdisastermanagement, health and care, organizational development and hu-manitarian diplomacy will provide technical support in close collabora-tionwithPartnerNationalSocietiesoperatingeitherbilaterallyormul-tilaterally.Whennecessarytechnicalexpertisemayalsobeprovidedthroughthedeploymentofregionalorinternationalstafffromwithinthewider-InternationalRedCrossRedCrescentMovement.
Atagreedintervals,theIFRC’sregionalofficewillconvenemeetingstoreviewprogress,discussandagreeonthewayforwardintheeventofproblems,andexplorewaystoenhancetheimpactoftheinitiativeonthetargetcommunities.Attheleadershiplevel,areviewonprogressshallbeanagendaitematSAPRCSmeetingstoaddressanyissuesthatneedtoberesolvedatthisdecisionmakingboard.
11.1 humanitarian diplomacy
Resource mobilizationTheinitiativewillbeintroducedtodonorsduringasevereglobaleco-nomic crisis. During previous recessions, humanitarian funding hastypically dropped by between 10 – 25 per cent, with developmentfundingbearingthebrunt.Paradoxically,itispreciselyduringsuchcri-sesthatfundingshouldincrease,tostopmorepeoplefallingbelowthepovertylineandassistingthosethataremostvulnerable.Therefore,inorderfortheZRBItobesuccessful,itisclearthatextensiveresourcemobilization(RM)planningisundertaken.
11. Management and coordination
25Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Management and coordination
DetailedRMandfundingplanswillbedevelopedatZoneandNationalSociety levels.Theapproachwillencourage increasedfocuson localresources,recognizingtheincreasingamountoffundingnowavailableatthecountry level.Atthesametime,ashift inRMthinkingwillbepromotedfromtheZoneoffice,encouragingNationalSocietiestobet-terutilizetheirauxiliaryrolebyproactivelyHR,financialandmaterialsupportfromtheirowngovernments.
CommunicationsInaddition,broad-based, risk-focuseddevelopment–whilstundeni-ably important – is notoriously difficult to ‘sell’ to relevant externalstakeholders, such as donors, media and governments. Significantworkwillthereforebeneededfromacommunicationspointofview,capturingtheneedsthatexistalongthebasin,andprogressivelyshow-ingtheimpactoftheRedCross’work.
TheZRBIisaclearandtangibleexampleoftheIFRC’scommitmenttoamorepre-emptiveandpreventativeapproach.Itsharesmuchwiththe theme chosen for global IFRC communications – ‘earlywarning,earlyaction’(athemechosenalsoforthe2009editionoftheWorldDisastersReport),aswellas themindsetandapproachdescribed intheIFRC’sFramework for Community Safety and Resilience.Assuch,itoffersthewiderIFRCaclearopportunitytoarticulatethismessageandtohelppositionNationalSocietiesasdisastermanagementactors.
TheIFRCinSouthernAfricawillsupportNationalSocietiestodevelopanddisseminateclearandengagingcommunicationmessagesandmaterialsinsupportoftheZRBI,startingwithamarketingandcommunicationsre-sourcekittosupportthelaunchoftheinitiativeinJune/July2009.
26International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
mMonitoringandevaluation(M&E)willbeanintegralcomponentoftheZRBIprogrammemanagement.Monitoringwillbeachieved throughongoing assessment of activities looking at efficiency, effectiveness,relevance, sustainability, impact and challenges, and through identi-fyingareas for improvement. Themonitoring teamwill ensureproj-ect objectives are achieved based on performance indicators. KeycomponentsoftheM&Etools include inputs,activities,outputsandoutcomeswitharangeofindicators.Baselinedatawillbeusedtoes-tablishpre-projectconditionsrelativetoZRBIobjectives.Throughthisexperience,NationalSocietieswilllearnwhatworkswellandwhatcanbeimproved.
NationalSocietystaffandZRBIcoordinatorswillvisitprojectareasreg-ularlytomonitorprogress,andproducereports.Staffwillensurethecommitmentofdistrictandprovincialauthorities.Volunteerswillalsomonitoractivitiesandwillbeprovidedwithdiariestodocumenttheiractivities.Quarterlyprogressreportswillbesubmittedbybranchestotheir respectiveheadquarters.With technical support fromthe IFRCand other sector stakeholders, National Society PMER departmentswill coordinate midterm and final evaluations, and submit reportsthereafter.
12. Monitoring and evaluation
b
27Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Budget design and financial planning
Basics on budget design:
Astheemphasis isoncapacitybuilding,mostofthecapitalcostsnotdirectlyrelatedtoprogrammeimplementationareomittedtoreduceoverheads.
Thebudgethasfocusedmostfundsonprogrammeimplementationtodirectlyimpactbeneficiaries.
Aspersonnel costs vary fromoneNational Society to another, astandard cost has been adopted to cover the personnel costs of the focalperson100percent,disastermanagementcoordinatorandfinanceofficerat25percentanddistrictofficersat100percent.
OperationalplansandbudgetsforZRBIactivitieswillbereviewedonanannualbasisbasedonnewdevelopments, fundingplansand theabsorptioncapacitiesofNationalSocieties.Alleffortswillbemadetoensurethatregular,timelyandtransparentfinancialdisbursementofavailable funds. Un-earmarked donations are encouraged althoughmajorshiftsinbudgetlineswillbedoneinconsultationwithdonors.
13. Budget design and financial planning
28International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Boko, M et al Africa Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, CambridgeUniversityPress,2007
Danish Red Cross Danish Strategic Guidelines on Disaster Management November2008
Gallup, J.L and J.D. Sachs The economic burden of malaria. Am J. Trop. Med. Hug, 2001
IFRC World Disaster Report: Focus on Reducing Risk Geneva,2002
IFRC World Disaster Report: Focus on Information in Disasters Geneva,2005
IFRC Disaster Response and Contingency planning Guide76,2007
IFRC The Global Alliance for Disaster Risk Reduction: Building safer, resilient communities Geneva,2008
IFRC A framework for community safety and resilience Geneva,2008
IFRC Johannesburg Commitments 2008
IFRC Plan and Budget 2009-2010 Geneva,2008
IFRC Global health and care strategy: 2006-2010 Geneva
IFRC Community-based health and first aid in action Geneva,2009
Reference list
29Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Reference list
IFRC Malaria toolkit Geneva,2009
IFRC Disaster Risk Reduction: Summary of the Oslo Conference February 2009 Geneva,2009
UNDP Human Development Report, Fighting climate changes: Human Solidarity in a divided world 2007/2008
Mutangadura, G.S et al Assessing the progress made by Southern Africa in implementing the MDG targets on drinking water and sanitation. Assessing sustainable development in Africa, Africa’s Sustainable Development Bulletin EconomicCommissionforAfrica,2005
National Societies Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment for seven National Societies 2008
National Societies Branch Capacity Assessment for seven National Societies 2008
The Sphere Handbook Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response 2004
SADCM. Chimbari and K. Msibi Africa: Climate Change Imperils Livelihoods on Zambezi 2008
SIDA Evaluation Report The Red Cross Lake Victoria Programme 2007
Thomas E. Downing, et al Adapting to Climate Change in Africa UniversityofEastAnglia,Norwich,UK,1997
United Nations AIDS Report 2007
United Nations Children Fund Malaria: The State of Children NewYork,2008
World Health Organization Update Report 2008
30International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Summary logical frameworkOverall goal: ToreducetheimpactofchallengesfacingcommunitiesalongtheZambeziRiverBasin,and improvethequalityoftheir livesandlivelihoods.
Outcomes1.1 Increasedresilienceofindividualsand
communitiesreducingtheirvulnerabilitiestorecurrentdisasters.
1.2 Increaseduseofcommunity-baseddisasterpreparednesssystems.
1.3 Branchandvolunteercapacityfordisasterpreparednessisenhanced.
Objectively verifiable indicators• CommunitiesalongtheZambeziRiverbasinhave
afunctionalcommunity-basedearlywarningsystem.
• Communitiesunderstandandimplementcontingencyplansandearlywarningsystems.
• Eachcommunityhasawelldevelopedhazardmaps.
• Community’slossofassetsisreduced.
• Communitieshavestandardreliefitemsforhouseholds.
Activities1.1 Developcommunityhazardmapsforeachofthe
communities.
1.2 Trainstaffandvolunteersincommunity-baseddisaster preparedness and early warning systems.
1.3 Implementoperationalcommunity-basedearlywarningsystems.
1.4 Conductexchangevisitswithintheregiontopromotelessonlearning.
1.5 Trainstaffandlocalleadersonclimatechangeadaptationtechniques.
Resources• Budget:CHF2,205,318.00
• Trainingmaterials.
• Trainers.
• Reliefitems
• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)
Programme component 1: Reduction of risk and impact of disasters through community preparedness
31Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Summary logical framework
Means of verification• Assessmentreports.
• Periodicevaluationreports.
• Directobservation.
• Householdsurveyreports.
• Countryprogrammereports.
Risks/assumptions• Communitiesactivelyparticipateinprojectactivities.
• Trainedstaffandvolunteersremainintheprogramme.
• Thereisnodrasticchangeinthenatureandoccurrenceofdisasters.
• Stablepoliticalenvironment.
Sources• DonorsandPartners,relevantdepartmentsfrom
governmentandhigherinstitutionsoflearning.
• IFRC(technicalsupport).
• Community
• Localandregionalmarkets.
Resources• Budget:CHF2,205,318.00
• Trainingmaterials.
• Trainers.
• Reliefitems
• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)
Preconditions• Communitymembersarecommittedtothe
objectivesoftheprojects.
• AvailabilityofTechnicalexpertsandmaterials
• AbsorptioncapacityoflocalRedCrossbranches
• Supportivelocalauthorities.
Programme component 1: Reduction of risk and impact of disasters through community preparedness
32International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Outcomes2.1 Improvedaccesstohouseholdfoodresources.
2.2 Increasedhouseholdfoodproduction.
2.3 Increasedhouseholdfoodconsumption.
2.4 Increasedownershipofland,livestock,etc.
Objectively verifiable indicators• Frequencyofhouseholdfoodconsumption/
numberofmealsperday.
• Communitieshavefunctionalhomegardens,nurseriesandfruittreeplantations.
• Communitiesacquireskillsandknowledgetoprepareandconsumenutritionallyadequatediet.
• Communitieshaveaccesstomarketingfacilitiesanddiversefooditems.
Activities2.1 Provideseedsandagriculturalimplements.
2.2 Traincommunitiesonmethodsoffoodproductioni.e.,homegardeningandfruittreeplanting.
2.3 Traincommunitiesoncropdiversificationandmultiplecropping.
2.4 Traincommunitiesoncommunity-basedirrigationandconservation-basedtechniques.
2.5 Traincommunitiesonnutritionandfoodpreservation/storagetechniques.
Resources• Budget:CHF1,224,209.09
• Trainingmaterials
• Trainers
• TechnicalsupportfromtheZoneoffice.
• Seedsandagricimplements.
• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)
Programme component 2: Increase community access to adequate and nutritious food
33Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Summary logical framework
Means of verification• Foodsecurityreports
• Assessmentreports.
• Periodicevaluationreports.
• Directobservation.
• Householdsurveyreports.
• Countryprogrammereports.
Risks/assumptions• Communitiesactivelyparticipateinfoodsecurity
initiatives.
• Skilledstaffandvolunteersremainintheprogramme.
• Thereisnodrasticchangeinthenatureandoccurrenceofdisasters.
Sources• DonorsandPartners,relevantdepartmentsfrom
governmentandhigherinstitutionsoflearning.
• IFRC(technicalsupport).
• Community
• Localandregionalmarkets.
Resources• Budget:CHF1,224,209.09
• Trainingmaterials
• Trainers
• TechnicalsupportfromtheZoneoffice.
• Seedsandagricimplements.
• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)
Preconditions• Warehousefacilityavailableatbranchlevel–
inagreementwithIFRCstandardsandprocedures.
• Logisticscapacitytoimplementwarehousemanagementeffectively.
• Transportavailabletotransportfoodparcels tobeprocessedand/ormarketed.
• PNSareinterestedandsupportthenutritionalimprovementofthevulnerablepopulation.
Programme component 2: Increase community access to adequate and nutritious food
34International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Outcomes3.1 Increasedcommunityawarenessofcommunity-
basedhealthinterventionsandFirstAid.
3.2 Increasedaccesstohealthservicesbycommunities.
3.3 Increasedcapacityofcommunitiestocopewithhealthchallengesintimesofrecurrentdisasters.
3.4 Improvedcommunityaccesstoadequatesafewater,sanitationandhygiene.
3.5 ReducedfurtherspreadofHIVthroughcommunityandvolunteerpreventivemeasures.
Activities3.1 TrainvolunteersonCommunityBasedHealth
and First Aid (CBHFA)
3.2 ProcureanddistributeCommunityBasedHealthand First Aid kits to branches
3.3 Conducthealtheducationmainlyfocusingoncholera,malariaandHIV.
3.4 TraincommunitiesonvectorcontrolandhygienepromotionusingthePHASTmethodology.
3.5 ConstructSPHEREcompliantsanitationfacilitiesinthecommunities.
3.6 Establishandtrainfunctionalcommunitywatercommitteesonwaterconservationandhygienepromotion.
3.7 Recruitandtraincommunitypeereducators.
3.8 PromotetheuptakeofVCTandPMTCTinconjunctionwithMinistryofHealth.
3.9 Traincommunitiesonskillsforpersonalprotectionincludingcondomuse.
Objectively verifiable indicators• Numberofbrancheswithvolunteerstrainedon
communitybasedhealthandFirstAid.
• Numberoffacilitiesprovidingmalariaandcholerapreventativeandcurativeservices.
• Numberofpeopleeffectivelyusingthelonglastinginsecticidetreatedbednets(LLITN’s).
• Numberofhouseholdsreachedbyhealtheducationandsensitizationprogrammes.
• 85%coverageoftargetpopulationwithwatersuppliesrequiringlessthan30minutesroundtriptraveltime.
• Capacityofwatersourcetoensure20litresperpersonperday(SPHEREstandard)achievedintargetpopulations.
• 80%ofwaterpointsand80%ofinstalledlatrinesareingoodworkingorder.
• 85%coverageintargetpopulationbycompetenthygienepromotersusingPHAST.
• Numberofcondomsdistributed
• Numberofpeoplereachedthroughpeereducatorsactivities
• Numberofpeoplereachedwithawarenessraising/IECactivities
• NumberofpeoplereferredtoVCTservices
• NumberofpeoplereferredtoPMTCTservices
• Numberofpeereducatorsandcarefacilitatorstrainedinprevention,care,treatmentandsupport.
Resources• Budget:CHF2,153,070.55
• IECmaterials.
• ITNs.
• Hygienematerials.
• Trainers/Facilitators.
• Peereducators.
• Communityhealthworkers.
• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)
Programme component 3: Reduction of deaths, illnesses and impact from diseases in communities along the Zambezi River basin
35Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Summary logical framework
Means of verification• Ministryofhealthstatistics.
• Assessmentreports.
• Programmeevaluationreports.
• Trainingreports.
• Householdsurveyreports.
• Periodicalsamplesurveyreports.
• Countryprogrammereports.
• Reportsofstakeholder/partnerorganisations (e.g.WHO).
Sources• IFRC(technicalsupport).
• DonorsandPartners,relevantdepartmentsfromgovernmentandhigherinstitutionsoflearning.
• Ruralwatersupplyauthorities
Resources• Budget:CHF2,153,070.55
• IECmaterials.
• ITNs.
• Hygienematerials.
• Trainers/Facilitators.
• Peereducators.
• Communityhealthworkers.
• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)
Risks/assumptions• Risks/Assumptions
• Peopleinthetargetcommunitiesareabletoutiliseprojectinterventionsforbehaviouralchange.
• Participationofvulnerablegroupsinprogrammeactivitiesissustained.
• Goodhygienepracticesdonotseriouslyconflict withacceptedculturalnormsandbeliefs.
• Externalfactorsdonotsignificantlyerodeprogrammeinitiatives’achievements.
Preconditions• Communitymembersadoptbehavioural
changemessages.
• Constructionmaterialsareavailableand/oraccessibleatreasonablecosts.
• AvailabilityofVCTandPMTCTservices.
• Availabilityofhealthfacilities.
Programme component 3: Reduction of deaths, illnesses and impact from diseases in communities along the Zambezi River basin
36International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Outcomes4.1 IncreasedvisibilityandpresenceofRedCross
brancheslocatedalongtheZambeziRiverbasin.
4.2 Increasedcapacityofbranchestobevibrantandwellfunctioning.
4.3 Increasedaccessandutilisationoflocalresources by branches along the Zambezi River basintodeliverlowcost,highimpactservices,whicharenotdependentonexternalfunding.
4.4 Increasedbranchcapacityintrackingprogrammeperformanceatcommunitylevel.
Activities4.1 Trainbranchleadershiponbranchdevelopment
andvolunteermanagement.
4.2 Developandimplementsystemstomonitorvolunteeractivities.
4.3 Createpartnershipswithrelevantkeystakeholders.
4.4 Trainvolunteersonrelevantprogrammeskills.
4.5 Establishasystemthatpromotescommunicationbetweentechnicalprogrammestaffandvolunteers.
4.6 Developstandardizedmonitoringandevaluationtools.
4.7 Providetechnicalsupportonlocalfundraisingandincomegenerationactivities.
4.8 Createpartnershipswithgovernment,regionalandinternationalorganisationstoshareinformationonlessonslearntandbestpractices.
Objectively verifiable indicators• NumberofbranchesadheringtoFederation’s
standardsofCWFB(Characteristicsofwell-functioningbraches)
• Numberofbranchesthatresponsivetotheneedsofthecommunity.
• Numberofbrancheswithfunctionaldatabaseforvolunteersandyouth.
• Numberofvolunteersrecruited
• Numberofvolunteersretainedinthetargetedareas
• NumberpartnersworkingwithbranchesalongtheZambeziRiverbasin.
• Numberofbranchesthatdelivertimelyservicestothecommunitiestheyserve.
• Numberofbranchesthatproducetimelyandquality programme performance reports
• Numberofbrancheswithafunctionalprogrammeperformance tracking system at community level
Resources• Budget:CHF988,141.81
• Trainingmaterials.
• Trainersandfacilitators.
• ITequipments
• Transportfacilities.
• M&Etools.
• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)
Programme component 4: Increase capacity to Implement disaster preparedness, response and recovery operations
Administration Resources
Projectoperationadministrationcosts • Budget:CHF806,621.27ContributiontoNationalSocieties’CoreCost • Budget:CHF687,436.07PSR6.5percent • Budget:CHF560,654.32
TOTAL 8,625,451
37Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Summary logical framework
Means of verification• Programmeevaluationreports.
• Branchassessmentreports
• Partnershipagreementdocuments
• Trainingattendancerecordsandpre/posttrainingassessments.
Sources• IFRC(technicalsupport).
• DonorsandPartners
• Governmentinstitutions
Resources• Budget:CHF988,141.81
• Trainingmaterials.
• Trainersandfacilitators.
• ITequipments
• Transportfacilities.
• M&Etools.
• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)
Risks/assumptions• Risks/Assumptions
• NScommittedtoownsustainability,financial andoperationaltransparency.
• Partnersremainfaithfulforcommittedtime.
• NSleadershiphasextendedfullsupporttoadhere tostatutes,policydevelopmentanddissemination
Preconditions• Donorsareabletoappreciatetheneedforcapital
assetsforsmoothprojectimplementation.
• Willingvolunteers(voluntarismspirit)
• Branchstructuresexist
Programme component 4: Increase capacity to Implement disaster preparedness, response and recovery operations
Administration Resources
Projectoperationadministrationcosts • Budget:CHF806,621.27ContributiontoNationalSocieties’CoreCost • Budget:CHF687,436.07PSR6.5percent • Budget:CHF560,654.32
TOTAL 8,625,451
38International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Zambezi River Basin Initiative
Appeal budget summary (2009 - 2011)
Total appeal budget(cash and kind)
Supplies28%
Capitalequipment
1%
Transport, storageand vehicles
7%
Personnnel25%
Training11%
Early warningsystems
7%
Generalexpenses
14%
Programmesupport
7%
Supplies
Shelter 0ConstructionMaterials 113,000ClothingandTextiles 0Food 0SeedsandPlants 892,045WaterandSanitation 641,618MedicalandFirstAid 233,300TeachingMaterials 576,616UtensilsandTools 0OtherSuppliesandServices 0EmergencyResponseUnits(ERUs) 0
Capital equipment LandandBuildings 0Boats 75,000ComputersandTelecomEquipment 0Office/HouseholdFurnitureandEquip. 0MedicalEquipment 0OtherMachineryandEquipment 0
Transport, storage and vehicles Storage-Warehouse 0DistributionandMonitoring 90,000TransportandVehiclesCosts 520,479
Personnel InternationalStaff 558,000RegionallyDeployedStaff 0NationalStaff 90,000NationalSocietyStaff 1,451,000Consultants 40,000
Training WorkshopsandTraining 910,996
Early warning systems Earlywarningsystems 165,364Communitybasedhazardmapping 122,091Communitybaseddisastermanagementcommittees 337,000
General expenses Travel 242,800InformationandPublicRelations 121,909Officerunningcosts 48,000CommunicationCosts 72,000ProfessionalFees 46,642FinancialCharges 29,500ContributiontoNationalSocieties’CoreCosts 687,436Depreciation 0SharedServices 0
Programme support ProgrammeSupport-PSR 560,654
Services and recoveries ServicesandRecoveries
Total Appeal Budget (Cash and Kind) 8,625,451
Africa zone InternationalFederationofRedCross andRedCrescentSocieties
For more information, please contact:
IFRC Southern Africa 44 Wierda Road West Wierda Valley, Sandton Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: + 27 11 303 9700 Web site: http://www.ifrc.org
Copies and translations of all or part of this document may be made for non-commercial use, providing the source is acknowledged. The International Federation would appreciate receiving details of its use.
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