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Page 1: Zambezi River Basin Initiative - International Federation · 2010. 11. 23. · 5 Zambezi River Basin Initiative The Zambezi River Basin tremendous health, agricultural and economic
Page 2: Zambezi River Basin Initiative - International Federation · 2010. 11. 23. · 5 Zambezi River Basin Initiative The Zambezi River Basin tremendous health, agricultural and economic

2International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

ContentsAbbreviations 3

1. The Zambezi River Basin 4

2. Background to the Zambezi River Basin Initiative 6

3. Assessments 8 Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments (VCA) 8 Branch Capacity Assessments (BCA) 10

4. The challenges 12

5. The profile of targeted beneficiaries 14

6. Programme design 16

7. Cross-cutting issues 18 Gender analysis 18 Environmental analysis 18

8. Programme sectors: Goals, objectives and expected outcomes 19

Disasterpreparednessandriskreduction 19 Food security 20 Community-basedhealthandfirstaid 20 Organizationaldevelopmentandcapacitybuilding 20

9. Programme cycle and phases 21

10. Sustainability considerations 22

11. Management and coordination 24 Humanitarian diplomacy 24

12. Monitoring and evaluation 26

13. Budget design and financial planning 27

Reference list 28

Appendix 1: Logical framework 30

Appendix 2: Budget 38

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3Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Abbreviations

Abbreviations AIDS AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome

ART AntiretroviralTherapy

BCA Branch Capacity Assessment

CB Capacity Building

CBHFA Community-Based Health and First Aid

DM Disaster Management

DMC Disaster Management Coordinator

DRT DisasterResponseTeam

HDI Human Development Index

HDR Human Development Report

HIV HumanImmunodeficiencyVirus

IEC Information,EducationandCommunication

IFRC InternationalFederationofRedCross andRedCrescentSocieties

LLITNs LongLastingInsecticideTreatedBedNets

M&E MonitoringandEvaluation

MCH Maternal and Child Health

NS NationalSocieties

OD OrganizationalDevelopment

OVC Orphans and Vulnerable Children

PHAST ParticipatoryHygiene AndSanitationTransformation

PLHIV People Living with HIV

PMER Planning,Monitoring,EvaluationandReporting

PMTCT PreventionofMotherToChildTransmission

PNS PartnerNationalSocieties

PSP PsychosocialSupportProgramme

SPHERE Humanitarian Charter and Minimum StandardsinDisasterResponse

UNAIDS UnitedNationsJointProgrammeonHIV/AIDS

UNDP UnitedNationsDevelopmentProgramme

UNICEF UnitedNationsChildren’sFund

VCA Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment

VCT VoluntaryCounsellingandTesting

WATSAN WaterandSanitation

ZRBI ZambeziRiverBasinInitiative

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4International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

a1. The Zambezi River Basin

Anincreaseinthefrequency,complexityandmagnitudeofnaturaldi-sasters andepidemics in southernAfrica, combinedwith socio-eco-nomicshocks,haveconspiredtoexacerbatethevulnerabilityofcom-munities across the region. Extremeweather conditions, influencedinpartbyclimatechange,arealsounderminingalreadylow-levelsofagriculturalproduction.Thesefactors,compoundedofcoursebystillstratosphericratesofHIVinfection,haveincreasedmortalityandmor-bidityrates,malnutritionandthenumberoforphansandvulnerablechildren (OVC), and have sped up the depletion of household assetbases1.

Table 1: Socio-economic indicators for countries along the Zambezi River

The Zambezi, Africa’s fourth largest river, flows 2,574 kilometresacrosssouthernAfrica.Fromitssourceintheblack,marshywetlandsofnorthernZambia,theZambeziwindsitswaythroughAngola,alongthebordersofNamibia,BotswanaandZimbabwe,beforepouring it-selfthroughMozambiqueandintotheIndianOcean.Duringperiodsofflooding,itsbackflowsimpactcommunitieslivingalongtheShireRiver,amajortributaryoftheZambeziinMalawi.

The1.39millionkm²riverbasinishometoabout32millionpeople,80percentofwhomdependonagriculture,whilstcommunitieslivingontheZambezi’sshoresrelyheavilyonfishing.Assuch,theriveroffers

Population, Life expectancy Under-five HIV prevalence Human Population Population Population using total (million), at birth, annual mortality rate (% aged 15-49), Development living below using improved improved sanitation 2005 estimates (years), (per 1000 live 2005 Index rank, $2 a day (%), water source (%) (%) 2004 Country 2005 births), 2005 2005 1990-2005 2004

Angola 16.1 41.7 260 3.7 162 .. 53 31

Botswana 1.8 48.1 120 24.1 124 55.5 95 42

Malawi 13.2 46.3 125 14.1 164 62.9 73 61

Mozambique 20.5 42.8 145 16.1 172 74.1 43 32

Namibia 2.0 51.6 62 19.6 125 55.8 87 25

Zambia 11.5 40.5 182 17 165 87.2 58 55

Zimbabwe 13.1 40.9 132 20.1 151 83.0 81 53

Source: UNDP: HDR 2007-08

1. IFRC. Southern Africa Zone, Plan 2009-2010, http://www.ifrc.org/where/plan_budget/index.asp

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5Zambezi River Basin Initiative

The Zambezi River Basin

tremendoushealth,agriculturalandeconomicbenefitsasasourceofdrinkingwater,fish,irrigationforagriculture,transport,hydro-electricpowerandtourism.

However,thebasinisalsohometosomeofthemostacutevulnerabil-ityinsouthernAfrica.Changingclimates,coupledwithenvironmentaldegradation,haveexacerbatedtheannualfloodingseenalongsomestretchesoftheriver,displacingandaffectinghundredsofthousandsofpeopleeachyear.

Oncethewatersrecedeorlevel-off,impoverishedcommunitiesmustthen face outbreaks of water-borne diseases such as cholera and dys-entery,andincreasedratesofvector-bornediseasessuchasmalaria.Countries and communities along the Zambezi are also faced withstratospheric rates of HIV prevalence, ranging from almost four toabove24percent.

Whilefloodingrendersbasincommunitiesvulnerablebydispossessingthemoftheirassetsandtheirmeanstodeveloptheirlivelihoods,suchvulnerabilityis,inturn,exacerbatedbytheprevailinghealth,socialandeconomicconditionsfacingthecommunities.Annualfloodingdoesnotintroducevulnerabilityintothebasinsystem.Insteaditreinforcesandworsensthealreadyacutevulnerabilityofcommunities.

Figure 1: Zambezi River Basin affected provinces and districts

Source: IFRC GENEVA2

The maps used do not imply the expression of any opinion on the part of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies or National Societies concerning the legal status of a territory or of its authorities.

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6International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

tThe Zambezi River Basin Initiative (ZRBI) represents a shared visionamongst southernAfricaNational Societies - oneofmaximising theimpactofRedCross interventions inan integratedandholisticway.At itsMay2008annualmeeting, theSouthernAfricaPartnershipofRedCrossSocieties (SAPRCS) reflectedon recentRedCross regionalreliefoperationsinthewakeoffloodinginAngola,Botswana,Malawi,Mozambique,Namibia,ZambiaandZimbabwe3.Over thepastsevenyears,itwasnoted,semi-regularfloodinghadbecomealmostannual,affectingcommunities livingalongthebasintovaryingdegrees.Fur-thermore,whilstRedCrossfloodoperationshadmanagedtoavertloss

3.http://www.ifrc.org/docs/appeals/annual08/MDR63001.pdf

2. Background to the Zambezi River Basin Initiative

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7Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Background to the Zambezi River Basin Initiative

of lifeandlivestockandtopreventdiseaseoutbreaks, itwasarguedthat thechallenges facedbyaffectedcommunitieswerebeyondthescopeofemergencyrelief.

Themeetingconcluded thatan integratedandcomprehensive long-termmitigationintervention,onethatlinkedtheoftendisparatecon-ceptsofreliefanddevelopment,wasnecessarytoreducevulnerabilitytofloodsandotherthreatsintheriverbasinenvironment.

TheInternationalFederationofRedCrossandRedCrescentSocieties’(IFRC)southernAfricaofficewasaskedtoappointatechnicalteamtosupport the development of the ZRBI concept and to convene a meet-ingofthedisastermanagementcoordinators(DMCs)ofthesevenNa-tionalSocietiesinvolvedintheinitiative.

Asimilarcrossborderinitiative–theLakeVictoriaProgramme(LVP)-hadbeenundertakeninEasternAfrica,wheretheNationalSociet-iesfromKenya,UgandaandTanzaniahadcometogethertoaddressthechronicvulnerabilitiesofcommunitieslivingaroundAfrica’slarg-est lake. The secretary general of the Ugandan Red Cross and theSwedishRedCross’disastermanagementfocalpoint,whohadbothbeen involved in the development and implementation of the LVP, were invited toattend theZRBI consultativemeeting to share theirexperiences.

ItwasagreedatthismeetingthatdetailedbaselinesurveysandVul-nerability and Capacity Assessments (VCA) needed to be carried out inordertomapthefundamentalvulnerabilitiesofcommunitiesintheZRBIcatchmentarea,withthisanalysis tobesupplementedwith in-formationfromtheUnitedNations(UN),theSouthernAfricaDevelop-mentCommunity(SADC)andfromgovernments.

In addition, the group also decided toundertake a series of BranchCapacityAssessments(BCAs)toestablishandprioritizetechnicalsup-port needs for the development of Red Cross Branches located in the basin.

TheproposalwasdevelopedinlinewiththeIFRC’sFramework for Com-munity Safety and Resilience,whichprovidesafoundationuponwhichRedCrossRedCrescentintegratedcommunity-levelriskreductioncanbeplannedandimplemented.Finally,itisplannedthatthisproposalwillbemarketedundertheumbrellaoftheIFRC’sGlobalAllianceforDisasterRiskReduction.

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8International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

v3.1 Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments (VCA)

VCAs were used to map the degree and types of vulnerability within communitieslivingalongtheriverbasin.Theyalsosoughttoinvesti-gate the level andadequacyof existingdefenceand copingmecha-nismsagainstthreatsandhazardsatthecommunitylevel.

The findings from the VCAs are elaborated below and summarizedinTable2.Thesefindingsarecategorized intotwobroadcategories:communityvulnerabilityprofiling,and;communitydefenceandcop-ingmechanisms.

Vulnerability profiles of Zambezi River Basin communities:

Physical and economic vulnerability is more visible due to a history of lossof lives, livestock, infrastructureandmeansof livelihoods,andsubsequentincreasedfoodinsecurityamongcommunitiesex-posedtofloodswhichareoftenfollowedbydroughtepisodes.

Social and health vulnerability which results from displacement and consequent lossofassetsanddislocationfrommeansofproduc-tion. These include post-flood health hazards (water and vector-bornediseases),andtherisksinherentinlivinginresettlementcen-tres(includingincreasedexposuretoviolenceandHIV).

Psychological vulnerability induced by the loss of assets that indi-vidualsandcommunitieshaveworkedalltheirlivesfor,andtheun-derstandablefrustrationsofdependenceonhandoutsininformalemergencytemporaryshelter.

Environmental vulnerabilityduetosoildegradation,deforestationandlossofopportunitiesforselfreliance.

Defence and coping mechanisms of Zambezi River Basin communities:

TheVCAsendorsedthesaddisastermanagementtruismthatthemostvulnerablearetypicallytheworstaffectedbydisasters.Economically-disadvantagedwomen,children,elderlypeople,andsickpeoplewerethemostaffected,astheyaredisproportionallydisenfranchisedfromanymeaningfulassetbased,andareoftenwithoutanytypeofsocialsafetynet(financialsavings,etc).Theyarethereforemorelikelytodis-poseoftheirassetsduringleantimesinanefforttoaccrueresourcestocoverconsumption,andaremostlikelytolosetheirmeagreposses-sionsduringadisaster.

3. Assessments

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9Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Assessments

TheVCAalsorevealedthatcommunitieshavecapacitiesinsocialor-ganizationparticularlyasitrelatestodecisionmakingandcommunitycohesion.Anotherimportantcommunitycapacityistheirconvention-alcopingmechanismatdifferentlevelstoprotecttheirvaluableandlong-termassetsduringdifficultperiods.

Table 2: Summary of VCA findings for the seven countries

Country

Angola

Botswana

Malawi

Mozambique

Namibia

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Common hazards

Floods

Droughts

Outbreak of water borne diseases

Marine accidents

Environmental degradation,

Human-animal conflicts(crocodile and hippoattacks)

HIVandAIDS

Vulnerabilities

Lack of early warning system

Limited knowledge on control of animal diseases

Limited safe water sources andsanitationfacilities

Dependency on maize

Lack of inputs and implements

Limited alternativesources of income

Lack of access to credit

Inadequate inputs and obsolete implements

Limited capacity forirrigation

Abundance of mosquito breeding sites in thecommunitiesin stagnant waters

Proximity of game parks and forests to the areas

Capacities

Waterharvestingfor livelihoods (canals,dams,watersheds)

Underground water.

Portionsoffertileland

Perennial water source from the River and its tributaries

Local availability of medicines to control vectors

Potentialfortourism.

Red Cross volunteers

Community cohesion for joint actions

Disaster impacts

Loss of human life

Displacement of families

Foodinsecurity/famine

Heavysiltationofcropfields

Excesswaterlogging,and damage to infrastructure such as bridges

Waterandsanitationchallenges due todestructionofboreholes,shallowwells,contaminationof drinking water

Lossofproperty/assets and livestock

Hippos and crocodile invasion due to the increase of water levels

Source: Compiled VCA for seven National Societies, 2008

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10International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

3.2 Branch Capacity Assessments (BCA)

National Red Cross Societies are volunteer-based organizations. Na-tionalSocietybranches,madeupof localvolunteernetworks, serveas the basic structure for the provision of humanitarian services to vul-nerablecommunities.Inadditiontodisastermanagement,volunteersalsoengageinwhatmightbetermedtraditionalRedCrossactivitiessuchasfirstaid,blooddonorrecruitment,tracing,anddisseminationofhumanitarianvaluesandRedCrossFundamentalPrinciples.InthemajorityofsouthernAfricanNationalSocieties,branchesorregionalofficeshavecloserelationshipswiththeirequivalentlocalgovernmentstructure (e.g. region/province, district/division,wardor village, etc)anditisthroughthisrelationshipthattheyareexpectedtofulfiltheirauxiliaryrole.

TheBCAs revealeda total of 11RedCrossbranches in theZambeziRiverBasin catchmentareaswitha combinedmembershipof3,044volunteers.Thecombinedstafftotalled22,althoughsomebranchesdonothavesalariedstaffandinsteadrelyonvolunteerstocarryoutadministrativetasksaswellashumanitarianactivities.

Intermsofresources,somebrancheshavebasicfacilitiessuchasoffices,warehouses,meansoftransportandcommunicationequipment.How-ever,theseassetsareoftenoldandworn-out.Otherbranchesreportedminimalornon-existentassetbases,operatinginsteadfromlimitedfa-cilitiesmadeavailabletothembythelocalschooloradministrator.

Inadequatefinancialresourcesareanotherareaofconcern.Manystaffareactuallyprojectofficerswhosecontractsarelikelytobeterminat-edatthecompletionoftheirproject.Otherchallengespertaintoweakbranchleadershipandmanagement,aswellasalackofvisibilityinthecommunity thatmakes the recruitment and retentionof volunteersdifficult.Ingeneral,thebranches’areorientedtowardsadhocactivi-tiesthataredeterminedbytheavailabilityof fundsratherthansys-tematicallyplannedlowcosthighimpactactivitiesdesignedtoreducevulnerabilityincommunities.

Insummary,theassessmentsidentifiedanumberofareasforwhichinterventionwasnecessaryinaccordancewithGoalNumberthreeoftheIFRC’sGlobalAgenda:

a) Development of structures and systems for best branch manage-mentthataddressvolunteerrecruitmentandmanagement.

b) Equipping branch leadership and management with the necessary knowledgeandskillsforeffectiveandefficientbranchmanagement.

c) Equipping volunteers with the necessary knowledge and skills for iden-tifyingneeds,planningactivities,deliveringandassessingimpact.

d) Equipping branch leadership and management with the necessary knowledgeandskillsonfundraisingandlocalresourcemobilization.

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11Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Southern Africa

Community hazard mapping from the Kalimbeza and Lisikili communi-tiesinNamibiashowthattheZambeziRiverissituatedalongthenorth-ern part of each community with tributaries that are fed by the over-flow fromthe river surrounding thecommunities.Whilst thismakesboth communitiesmore vulnerable tofloods, the systemalsoholdswaterforlongperiodsandprovidesthecommunitieswithapotentialforwintercroppingandfishing.

Case Study Kalimbezi and Lisikili communities in Namibia

1. Kalimbeza Community Hazard Mapping2.Lisikili Community Hazard Mapping

1

2

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12International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

tTheZambeziRiverbasinischaracterisedbynumerousshortandhighgradient river systems which feed alluvial soil into the lowlands making thislandhighlyfertile.However,theobviousresultantbenefitsoflivingalongthefertilebasinnotwithstanding,communitieshaveincreasinglysufferedasaresultofcyclicalflooding.Inthepasteightyears,floodinginthebasinhasresultedinmassdisplacements,hascausedoutbreaksofwater-borneandvector-bornediseases,andhasdevastatedcropsandlivestock,aswellasdamagingtheenvironment.

With the primary sources of livelihoods along the basin being crop pro-duction, animal rearing, small businesses andfishing, these impactshaveservedtosetcommunitiesbackeconomically,andhavecompro-misedtheirabilitytoproducefoodsufficientfortheirownneeds.Foodinsecurity in the basin is increasingly becoming an issue of concern for bothgovernmentsandhumanitarianagencies.

4. The challenges

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13Zambezi River Basin Initiative

The challenges

Although southern African National Societies do have disaster pre-paredness mechanisms in place, the BCAs revealed that branchesalongthebasinweretypicallywithoutthecapacitytomountfirstlineresponseinterventions,reliantinsteadonthedeploymentofback-upsupportfromoftendistantheadquarters.

However, emergency situations are but one of the challenges thatcommunitieslivingalongthebasinface.Thebasinisthehottestpartineachofthesixcountriesthatsharetheriver.This,coupledwithstag-nantwaterinthewakeoffloods,meansthattheincidenceofvector-bornediseases–particularlymalaria–arehigh.

Secondly,threeofthecountriesborderNamibia’sCapriviStrip,anar-rowstretchof land inthenorth-eastof thecountry.Thismakesthemobilityofpeoplebetweenthefourcountriesfairlyeasy;thisbeingthe type of informal population movement that contributes to thespreadofHIV.GrowingHIVprevalenceratesplaceadditionalpressureson riverbasin communitiesas sicknessandeventualdeathdepriveshouseholdsofasubstantialpartof theirmeansofproduction.Pres-sureisparticularlyheavyonwomenwhoareoftenexpectedtobearthetripleburdenofcaring for thesickandordying,caring for theirchildren,andassumingtheroleofbreadwinner.

With the exceptionofMalawi and Zambia, districtswithin the riverbasin are isolated geographically from their respective capital cities– the resulting implications in terms of basic service delivery beingfairlyobvious.SimilartrendsarereplicatedwithinthesevenNationalRedCrossSocieties.NationalSocietiesdohavebranches intheriverbasin.However,thesebranchesarenotasvibrantasthoseclosertoheadquartersandtheirrelativeisolationmeansthattheyreceivelessin termsof technical support,monitoringandsupervision.Resultantunder-developed capacity has meant that emergency response opera-tionsalongtheriverhaveturnedouttobeveryexpensive,beingrunmoreorlessfromdistantheadquarters.

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14International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

kKnowingandunderstandingvulnerablecommunitiesisasimportantasunderstanding the fact that vulnerability cannot be treated as a single category. Vulnerability affects various socio-economic groups differ-ently.Groupingbeneficiariesbyage,gender,location,andhouseholdsize therefore provides an overview of the extent of vulnerability along theriverbasin.

VCAsshowedthatmostvulnerablegroupsarechildren,female-headedhouseholds,elderly-headedhouseholds,largehouseholdswithmanydependents,householdswithcriticallyillmembersespeciallythosein-fectedwithHIV,andhouseholdswithlimitedassets.Targetgroupscanbefurtherclassifiedinthefollowingmanner:

Category 1: Extremelypoor:Households in thiscategoryareunabletomakealivinginnormaltimeswithoutsomeformofassistance(ex-ample:manyoftheelderly;manyofthefemaleheadedhouseholds;peoplelivingwithHIV).

Category 2: Chronically vulnerable:mosthouseholdsunder this cat-egoryareclassifiedaspoorandfallbelowtheacceptedpovertyline.Unlikethefirstgroup,householdsinthisgroupareeconomicallypro-ductiveand,dependingontheir livelihood,canrespondto interven-tionsaimedatsupportinglivelihood.

Category 3: Transitory vulnerable: Households in this category arenormallyable tomakean independent livelihood,butneedsupportinhardtimes.Examplesarehouseholdswithashortageofagriculturaltoolsandseeds.

TheZRBIwilltargetthesethreecategories;groupsthataremostvul-nerabletothethreatoffloodsanddroughtandtheirpotentialinten-sificationdue to climate change.Approximately 235,800peoplewillbenefit directly from the proposed objectives over the three yearsof the initiative,mostlywomenand children.Anadditional400,000peoplewholiveclosetotargeteddistrictswillbenefitindirectlyfromaprogrammeoftraininginearlywarningsystems,disasterprepared-ness,andmalariaandHIVpreventivemeasures.Thusthetotalnumberofbeneficiariesis635,800.

5. The profile of targeted beneficiaries

Total 235,800

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15Zambezi River Basin Initiative

The profile of targeted beneficiaries

Table 3: Direct beneficiaries of the Zambezi River Basin InitiativeTable 3: Direct beneficiaries of the Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Country

Angola

Botswana

Malawi

Mozambique

Namibia

Zambia

Zimbabwe

Province

Muchiku

Chobe

Nsanje

Manica,Tete,Sofala,Zambezia

Caprivi

Southern&Western

MashonalandWest,MashonlandCentral,MatebelelandNorth

District Constituency

Kazumbu

Chobe

Nsanje

Tambara,Mopeia,Cala

KatimaMulilo,Kabbe

Kazungula,Sesheke

Muzarabani,Kariba,Hwange

Binga,Mbiri

Number of Beneficiaries

30,000

21,000

19,200

94,600

24,000

22,000

25,000

Total 235,800

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16International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

tThe initiative has been developed to reduce vulnerability and buildcommunity resilience against hazards and threats in their environ-ment.TheVCAsandBCAsconductedbyNationalSocietiesindicatedthefollowingprioritiesforincreasedorenhancedinterventions:

Disasterpreparedness,responseandriskreduction;

Foodsecurity;

HIV,choleraandmalariaprevention;

Waterandsanitation,and;

Capacitybuilding.

Figure 2: ZRBI: A regional and integrated approach

6. Programme design

Adapta ontoclimatechangerisks

FoodSecurity

EnvironmentalManagement

Community-baseddisastermanagement

ARegionalandIntegratedApproachZRBI

BuildingCommunityResilience

DisasterPreparednessDisasterRiskReduc on

HealthCareandHIVPreven onWaterandSanita on

CapacityBuilding

CommunitybasedHealthandFirstAid

MalariaandCholerapreven on

HIV/AIDSpreven onawareness

BranchCapacity

Volunteersdevelopment

Communitypar cipa on

Sustainability

Communityownership

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17Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Cross-cutting issues

The initiative reflectsanunderstandingof the inherentweaknessofpurelyreactiveandresponse-orientateddisastermanagement.Whilstemergencyresponsesdoandwillcontinuetoplayanimportantrolein termsof reducing the lossesof lives and livelihoods, theydonotreducevulnerabilityinasustainablemanner.Thelong-termimplemen-tationofstrongrisk reduction, foodsecurity,health,HIVpreventionandcapacitybuildingactivitiesistheonlywaytoachievesustainablereductionsofvulnerability.

Thesecondpremiseunderpinningthedesignof this initiative is thatrisingandchangingrisksmeanthatorganizationscannolongersim-plylooktobuildonpastexperiences.Communitiesalongtheriverba-sin have been living with disasters for centuries and their responses to such challenges have typically been based on traditional and so-cial ties. Thesemechanisms remain crucial.However, in the contextofchangingrisks,andfacedwithalackofearlywarninginformation,suchresponsesarerarelysystematicorplannedandthereforemeetwithvaried levelsof success.Theprogrammewill support localRedCrossbranchesandcommunitiestosystematicallyintegraterelevantinformationaboutchangingrisks,helpingthemtomakeuseofearlywarningsonalltimescalestoimplementrobustsolutions.

Thirdly, theprogramme reflects a regional approach along the riverbasin,recognizingthatcommunitiesinthesevencountriessharemanyofthesamechallengesandresourcesandcouldthereforebenefitfromsimilarsolutions,includingregionalsupportsystemsfortheprovisionofinformation,methodsandtools,andthesharingoflessonslearnt.

Finally,andcrucially,theZRBIreflectsanintegratedapproachacrossthetraditionalareasofworkforNationalRedCrossSocieties. Inthefaceofrisingrisksandcomplexvulnerabilities,disasterresponse,di-sasterpreparedness,foodsecurity,healthandcareandHIVandAIDSactivitiescannotbeimplementedinisolationofeachother.Toachievethisintegration,theZRBIwillfocusonstrengtheningthecapacitiesofRedCrossbranches,aimingtoensurethattheyareabletocoherentlydeliveracrossallprogrammeareas.

TheZRBIwillthereforefocusinitiallyandcontinuouslyonbuildingthecapacityof brancheswithin the riverbasin, focusingonproject andfinancialmanagement, volunteer recruitmentand retention,andes-tablishingcommunicationsystems.Suchanapproachwillalsoensurethatlocalcapacitiesareprioritizedandutilized,servingtoreducecostsandpromotethelong-termsustainabilityoftheinitiative.

Specificfocusthroughoutwillgotowardshelpingcommunitiesadaptto climate threats. Examples of this approach include: conservationbased farming techniques, soil conservation,water-harvesting tech-niquesandreforestation.TheZRBIseesclimatechangeadaptationasan integral component for the building of resilience and coping capac-ityofvulnerablecommunities.

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18International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

a7.1 Gender analysis

Althoughdisastersimpactwholecommunities,theirimpactonwomenisoftenmoredevastating,giventheirresponsibilitieswithincommunities.

Floodsfrequentlyclaimfarmorefemalevictims,who,giventheirrespon-sibilitiesintermsofchildcare,collectingdrinkingwater,andpreservingseeds,fuel,foodandcash,typicallyhavelittleornoaccesstoinforma-tionincomparisontomen.Traditionalculturalandsocialnormsresultinwomenhavinglimitedoptions,intermsofevacuationandcontrol.

Furthermore,asaresultofthedisruptionofsocialstructureswhencom-munitiesareforcedtofleetheirhomesandliveinunsecureandtempo-raryresettlementcamps,womenareoftenexposedtosexualexploitation,puttingthemathighriskofcontractingHIV.Inanefforttoaddressthis,communityparticipationprocesseswillensure thatwomenarespecifi-callyaskedabouthowtheycopewithdisastersandthetypeofadditionalassistancetheyrequiretoimprovetheircopingcapacity.Specificattentionwillbegiventoensuretheinclusionofwomeninalltraining,andcom-munitydiscussions.Effortswillbemadetoincreasethenumberoffemalevolunteersinordertoencouragepeerdiscussionamongwomen.

Morespecifically,thefollowingindicatorswillbeusedtomonitorgen-derissues:a) Theinclusionoffemaleheadedhouseholdsintheinitiative;b) Equalsupportgiventofemaleandmalevolunteers;andc) Theinclusionofbothhusbandsandwivesinalltrainingactivities,

allowingthemtobecomeequalpartners.

7.2 Environmental analysis

Enhancingconservation-baseddevelopmentwill facilitatethereduc-tionofwaterrun-offanderosion,maintainingandpromotingenviron-mental determinants that could otherwise perpetuate natural disas-ters.Theestablishmentofnurseriesforagro-forestryandreforestationwillallpositivelycontributetoenvironmentalpromotion.Waterhar-vestingtechniquessuchasthediggingofpits,wellsandtrenches,willbeutilizedtomitigatethreatsofflooding.

Branch and community-level disaster preparedness and mitigationtoolsthattakeintoconsiderationthedifferenttypesofhazards,geo-graphical areas and characteristics of communities will strengthentraditionaldisaster-copingmechanisms.Inaddition,youthgroupsorga-nized by Red Cross volunteer networks will be encouraged to plant trees inthecommunitiesaroundtheriverbasinwherebarelandisexposedtosoilerosionandlong-termdegradation.

7. Cross-cutting issues

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19Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Programme sectors: Goals, objectives and expected outcomes

Overall goal of the initiativeTheoverallgoaloftheinitiativeistoreducetheimpactofchallengesfacing communitiesalong theZambeziRiverBasin, and improve thequalityoftheirlivesandlivelihoods,throughcomprehensiveandsus-tainabledisastermanagement,branchdevelopment,andhealthandcareprogrammes.

Overall expected outcome: the resilience of 235,800 people livingalong the Zambezi River Basin is strengthened through an integrated programme approach

8.1 Disaster preparedness and risk reduction

Programme component: Reduction of risk and impact of disastersthrough community preparedness

Outcomes

Increasedresilienceofindividualsandcommunitiesreducingtheirvulnerabilitiestorecurrentdisasters.

Increaseduseofcommunity-baseddisasterpreparednesssystems.

Branch and volunteer capacity for disaster preparedness is en-hanced.

CommunityPreparednessisoneofthemosteffectivemethodsofre-ducinglossoflifeandproperty.Duringthe2001floodsinMozambique,1,700peopledied.In2008,floodsofasimilarmagnitudeclaimed40lives,astaggeringimprovementthatcanbelargelyattributedtoeffec-tivecommunity-levelearlywarningsystems,timelyevacuationproce-duresandbroadcommunitypreparedness.

Inlinewiththeselessons,theZRBIwillenhancereadinesstorespondthrough community-based disaster preparedness programming with anemphasisoncommunity-basedearlywarningsystems.

8. Programme sectors: goals, objectives and expected outcomes

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20International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

8.2 Food security

Programmecomponent:Increasecommunityaccesstoadequateandnutritiousfood

Outcomes

Improvedaccesstohouseholdfoodresources. Increasedhouseholdfoodproduction. Increasedhouseholdfoodconsumption. Increasedownershipofland,livestock,etc.

Food shortages and famine are often the most devastating conse-quencesofdisasters.Experiencealongtheriverbasinhasshownthatforeffectiveandsustainablefoodsecurity,theZRBIshouldaimtomiti-gatethedestructionofcropsbyflooding.Inthisinitiative,theconceptofconservation-baseddevelopmentisbroadlydefinedtoincludetheapplicationofstrongandwell-coordinatedagriculturalextensionandappropriatetechnologyinputswithcogentconservationcomponents.

8.3 Community-based health and first aid

Programme component: Reduction of deaths, illnesses and impactfromdiseasesincommunitiesalongtheZambeziRiverBasin.

Outcomes

Increased community awareness of community-based health inter-ventionsandFirstAid.

Increasedaccesstohealthservicesbycommunities. Increasedcapacityofcommunitiestocopewithhealthchallenges

intimesofrecurrentdisasters. Improvedcommunityaccesstoadequatesafewater,sanitationand

hygiene.Reduced further spread of HIV through community andvolunteerpreventivemeasures.

8.4 Organizational development and capacity building

Programmecomponent:Increasecapacitytoimplementdisasterpre-paredness,responseandrecoveryoperations.

Outcomes

Increased visibility and presence of Red Cross branches located alongtheZambeziRiverbasin.

Increasedcapacityofbranchestobevibrantandwellfunctioning. Increasedaccessandutilisationoflocalresourcesbybranchesalong

theZambeziRiverbasintodeliver lowcost,high impactservices,whicharenotdependentonexternalfunding.

Increased branch capacity in tracking programme performance at communitylevel.

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Zambezi River Basin Initiative Programme Cycle and Phases

The lifespanof theZRBIhasbeenset intovariousphases.TheZRBIphasesaredesignedtoensureagradualadoption,modificationandexpansionof theprogramme that integrates community ownership,andaphasingoutprocessthattransfersthemanagementoftheactivi-tiestothecommunities.

Figure 3: Life cycle of the ZRBI

SEED PhASE (ONE yEAR)Identifying target geographical areas and collecting information onvulnerabilities through a comprehensivebaseline survey.During theseedphaserelationshipsandtrustarebuiltwithcommunitiesandlo-calgovernmentauthorities.

9. Programme cycle and phases

SEED PhASE(Feasability and design)

COMMuNITy TRANSFER

IMPLEMENTATION PhASE ONE

IMPLEMENTATION PhASE TwO

(ExPANSION)

IMPLEMENTATION PhASE ThREE

(CONSOLIDATION)

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IMPLEMENTATION (PhASE I): START uP (ThREE yEARS)Thebuildingofcapacitythroughaparticipatoryapproachtocraftingobjectives. Thisphase reflectsnotonlyphysical inputsandoutputs,but also the rateof adoptionatwhich ZRBI target groups takenewideasandnewtechniques.

IMPLEMENTATION (PhASE II): ExPANSION (TwO yEARS)Drawingonlessonsfromphaseone,provedinnovationsandcapacitiesareexpandedtoadjacentareasoftheZRBI.Economiesofscalewillbeharnessedusingsomeoftheexperiencedstaffandvolunteersatlowcost.

IMPLEMENTATION (PhASE III): CONSOLIDATION (TwO yEARS)Theachievementsandlessonslearnedinphaseoneandtwoareevalu-atedandconsolidatedforuseinimplementingphasethree:AsmoreexperiencesaregainedthroughtheZRBI,thecapabilitiesofthebranchstaff and volunteers are improved, strategic partnerships are estab-lished, and community ownership enhanced. As such,modificationsaremadeinstrategyandobjectivesasdeemednecessarytocorrectlimitationsandtoreflectoncurrentrealities.

PhASING OuT (ONE yEAR)Anoverallconsiderationinthephasingoutstrategyisthesequencingandtimingofactivities.Benchmarkindicatorstomeasureeachphaseintothenextwillbeputinplace.OnewayofmeasuringthephasingouttimeistocheckwhetherprioritiesinZRBIarechangingovertime.A gradual scaling down of external resources is also part of the phasing outstrategy.

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Zambezi River Basin Initiative Sustainability considerations

NationalSocietieshavedevelopedthisinitiativeinresponsetopriori-tiesandcommunityneedsidentifiedthroughVCAanddiscussionsdur-ingBCA.Thisinitiativeispremisedontheassumptionthatintegratedandcoordinatedprogrammesaremoreeffectiveandthattheyhavefurther reaching impacts on community livelihoods than stand alone disasterresponseoperations,whicharelimitedtoimmediateneeds.

TheNationalSocietieshavevolunteerswhoarelocatedinthemidstofriverbasincommunities,withbasicskillsincommunitylevelactivities.The volunteer resource base therefore ensures technical continuity,participationofcommunitymembersand,mostimportantly,commu-nityownership.Environmentalsustainabilityisguaranteedifcommu-nitiesmaximizethebenefitsandenjoytheinterventionsforalongerperiod.

10. Sustainability considerations

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tThesevenNationalSocietieswillberesponsiblefortheimplementa-tionoftheoperationalplans.AfocalpersonfromoneoftheNationalSocietieswillheadtheimplementationoftheoperationalplans.ThisresponsibilitywillbeannualandrotateamongtheNationalSocieties.

EachNational Societywill designatea focal person for the initiativewho will report to their National Society`s director of programmesthroughthedisastermanagementcoordinator.Atthebranchlevelandintheeventthatabranchdoesnotalreadyhaveone,theNationalSo-cietyshallemployafulltimebranchcoordinatortoplan,coordinate,monitorandsupervisetheactivitiesoutlinedintheZRBI.

Froman IFRCperspective, theZRBIwill be coordinated through thedisastermanagementdepartment.Ataskforcecomposedofdisastermanagement, health and care, organizational development and hu-manitarian diplomacy will provide technical support in close collabora-tionwithPartnerNationalSocietiesoperatingeitherbilaterallyormul-tilaterally.Whennecessarytechnicalexpertisemayalsobeprovidedthroughthedeploymentofregionalorinternationalstafffromwithinthewider-InternationalRedCrossRedCrescentMovement.

Atagreedintervals,theIFRC’sregionalofficewillconvenemeetingstoreviewprogress,discussandagreeonthewayforwardintheeventofproblems,andexplorewaystoenhancetheimpactoftheinitiativeonthetargetcommunities.Attheleadershiplevel,areviewonprogressshallbeanagendaitematSAPRCSmeetingstoaddressanyissuesthatneedtoberesolvedatthisdecisionmakingboard.

11.1 humanitarian diplomacy

Resource mobilizationTheinitiativewillbeintroducedtodonorsduringasevereglobaleco-nomic crisis. During previous recessions, humanitarian funding hastypically dropped by between 10 – 25 per cent, with developmentfundingbearingthebrunt.Paradoxically,itispreciselyduringsuchcri-sesthatfundingshouldincrease,tostopmorepeoplefallingbelowthepovertylineandassistingthosethataremostvulnerable.Therefore,inorderfortheZRBItobesuccessful,itisclearthatextensiveresourcemobilization(RM)planningisundertaken.

11. Management and coordination

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Management and coordination

DetailedRMandfundingplanswillbedevelopedatZoneandNationalSociety levels.Theapproachwillencourage increasedfocuson localresources,recognizingtheincreasingamountoffundingnowavailableatthecountry level.Atthesametime,ashift inRMthinkingwillbepromotedfromtheZoneoffice,encouragingNationalSocietiestobet-terutilizetheirauxiliaryrolebyproactivelyHR,financialandmaterialsupportfromtheirowngovernments.

CommunicationsInaddition,broad-based, risk-focuseddevelopment–whilstundeni-ably important – is notoriously difficult to ‘sell’ to relevant externalstakeholders, such as donors, media and governments. Significantworkwillthereforebeneededfromacommunicationspointofview,capturingtheneedsthatexistalongthebasin,andprogressivelyshow-ingtheimpactoftheRedCross’work.

TheZRBIisaclearandtangibleexampleoftheIFRC’scommitmenttoamorepre-emptiveandpreventativeapproach.Itsharesmuchwiththe theme chosen for global IFRC communications – ‘earlywarning,earlyaction’(athemechosenalsoforthe2009editionoftheWorldDisastersReport),aswellas themindsetandapproachdescribed intheIFRC’sFramework for Community Safety and Resilience.Assuch,itoffersthewiderIFRCaclearopportunitytoarticulatethismessageandtohelppositionNationalSocietiesasdisastermanagementactors.

TheIFRCinSouthernAfricawillsupportNationalSocietiestodevelopanddisseminateclearandengagingcommunicationmessagesandmaterialsinsupportoftheZRBI,startingwithamarketingandcommunicationsre-sourcekittosupportthelaunchoftheinitiativeinJune/July2009.

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mMonitoringandevaluation(M&E)willbeanintegralcomponentoftheZRBIprogrammemanagement.Monitoringwillbeachieved throughongoing assessment of activities looking at efficiency, effectiveness,relevance, sustainability, impact and challenges, and through identi-fyingareas for improvement. Themonitoring teamwill ensureproj-ect objectives are achieved based on performance indicators. KeycomponentsoftheM&Etools include inputs,activities,outputsandoutcomeswitharangeofindicators.Baselinedatawillbeusedtoes-tablishpre-projectconditionsrelativetoZRBIobjectives.Throughthisexperience,NationalSocietieswilllearnwhatworkswellandwhatcanbeimproved.

NationalSocietystaffandZRBIcoordinatorswillvisitprojectareasreg-ularlytomonitorprogress,andproducereports.Staffwillensurethecommitmentofdistrictandprovincialauthorities.Volunteerswillalsomonitoractivitiesandwillbeprovidedwithdiariestodocumenttheiractivities.Quarterlyprogressreportswillbesubmittedbybranchestotheir respectiveheadquarters.With technical support fromthe IFRCand other sector stakeholders, National Society PMER departmentswill coordinate midterm and final evaluations, and submit reportsthereafter.

12. Monitoring and evaluation

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27Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Budget design and financial planning

Basics on budget design:

Astheemphasis isoncapacitybuilding,mostofthecapitalcostsnotdirectlyrelatedtoprogrammeimplementationareomittedtoreduceoverheads.

Thebudgethasfocusedmostfundsonprogrammeimplementationtodirectlyimpactbeneficiaries.

Aspersonnel costs vary fromoneNational Society to another, astandard cost has been adopted to cover the personnel costs of the focalperson100percent,disastermanagementcoordinatorandfinanceofficerat25percentanddistrictofficersat100percent.

OperationalplansandbudgetsforZRBIactivitieswillbereviewedonanannualbasisbasedonnewdevelopments, fundingplansand theabsorptioncapacitiesofNationalSocieties.Alleffortswillbemadetoensurethatregular,timelyandtransparentfinancialdisbursementofavailable funds. Un-earmarked donations are encouraged althoughmajorshiftsinbudgetlineswillbedoneinconsultationwithdonors.

13. Budget design and financial planning

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Boko, M et al Africa Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, CambridgeUniversityPress,2007

Danish Red Cross Danish Strategic Guidelines on Disaster Management November2008

Gallup, J.L and J.D. Sachs The economic burden of malaria. Am J. Trop. Med. Hug, 2001

IFRC World Disaster Report: Focus on Reducing Risk Geneva,2002

IFRC World Disaster Report: Focus on Information in Disasters Geneva,2005

IFRC Disaster Response and Contingency planning Guide76,2007

IFRC The Global Alliance for Disaster Risk Reduction: Building safer, resilient communities Geneva,2008

IFRC A framework for community safety and resilience Geneva,2008

IFRC Johannesburg Commitments 2008

IFRC Plan and Budget 2009-2010 Geneva,2008

IFRC Global health and care strategy: 2006-2010 Geneva

IFRC Community-based health and first aid in action Geneva,2009

Reference list

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Reference list

IFRC Malaria toolkit Geneva,2009

IFRC Disaster Risk Reduction: Summary of the Oslo Conference February 2009 Geneva,2009

UNDP Human Development Report, Fighting climate changes: Human Solidarity in a divided world 2007/2008

Mutangadura, G.S et al Assessing the progress made by Southern Africa in implementing the MDG targets on drinking water and sanitation. Assessing sustainable development in Africa, Africa’s Sustainable Development Bulletin EconomicCommissionforAfrica,2005

National Societies Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment for seven National Societies 2008

National Societies Branch Capacity Assessment for seven National Societies 2008

The Sphere Handbook Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response 2004

SADCM. Chimbari and K. Msibi Africa: Climate Change Imperils Livelihoods on Zambezi 2008

SIDA Evaluation Report The Red Cross Lake Victoria Programme 2007

Thomas E. Downing, et al Adapting to Climate Change in Africa UniversityofEastAnglia,Norwich,UK,1997

United Nations AIDS Report 2007

United Nations Children Fund Malaria: The State of Children NewYork,2008

World Health Organization Update Report 2008

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Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Summary logical frameworkOverall goal: ToreducetheimpactofchallengesfacingcommunitiesalongtheZambeziRiverBasin,and improvethequalityoftheir livesandlivelihoods.

Outcomes1.1 Increasedresilienceofindividualsand

communitiesreducingtheirvulnerabilitiestorecurrentdisasters.

1.2 Increaseduseofcommunity-baseddisasterpreparednesssystems.

1.3 Branchandvolunteercapacityfordisasterpreparednessisenhanced.

Objectively verifiable indicators• CommunitiesalongtheZambeziRiverbasinhave

afunctionalcommunity-basedearlywarningsystem.

• Communitiesunderstandandimplementcontingencyplansandearlywarningsystems.

• Eachcommunityhasawelldevelopedhazardmaps.

• Community’slossofassetsisreduced.

• Communitieshavestandardreliefitemsforhouseholds.

Activities1.1 Developcommunityhazardmapsforeachofthe

communities.

1.2 Trainstaffandvolunteersincommunity-baseddisaster preparedness and early warning systems.

1.3 Implementoperationalcommunity-basedearlywarningsystems.

1.4 Conductexchangevisitswithintheregiontopromotelessonlearning.

1.5 Trainstaffandlocalleadersonclimatechangeadaptationtechniques.

Resources• Budget:CHF2,205,318.00

• Trainingmaterials.

• Trainers.

• Reliefitems

• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)

Programme component 1: Reduction of risk and impact of disasters through community preparedness

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Summary logical framework

Means of verification• Assessmentreports.

• Periodicevaluationreports.

• Directobservation.

• Householdsurveyreports.

• Countryprogrammereports.

Risks/assumptions• Communitiesactivelyparticipateinprojectactivities.

• Trainedstaffandvolunteersremainintheprogramme.

• Thereisnodrasticchangeinthenatureandoccurrenceofdisasters.

• Stablepoliticalenvironment.

Sources• DonorsandPartners,relevantdepartmentsfrom

governmentandhigherinstitutionsoflearning.

• IFRC(technicalsupport).

• Community

• Localandregionalmarkets.

Resources• Budget:CHF2,205,318.00

• Trainingmaterials.

• Trainers.

• Reliefitems

• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)

Preconditions• Communitymembersarecommittedtothe

objectivesoftheprojects.

• AvailabilityofTechnicalexpertsandmaterials

• AbsorptioncapacityoflocalRedCrossbranches

• Supportivelocalauthorities.

Programme component 1: Reduction of risk and impact of disasters through community preparedness

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Outcomes2.1 Improvedaccesstohouseholdfoodresources.

2.2 Increasedhouseholdfoodproduction.

2.3 Increasedhouseholdfoodconsumption.

2.4 Increasedownershipofland,livestock,etc.

Objectively verifiable indicators• Frequencyofhouseholdfoodconsumption/

numberofmealsperday.

• Communitieshavefunctionalhomegardens,nurseriesandfruittreeplantations.

• Communitiesacquireskillsandknowledgetoprepareandconsumenutritionallyadequatediet.

• Communitieshaveaccesstomarketingfacilitiesanddiversefooditems.

Activities2.1 Provideseedsandagriculturalimplements.

2.2 Traincommunitiesonmethodsoffoodproductioni.e.,homegardeningandfruittreeplanting.

2.3 Traincommunitiesoncropdiversificationandmultiplecropping.

2.4 Traincommunitiesoncommunity-basedirrigationandconservation-basedtechniques.

2.5 Traincommunitiesonnutritionandfoodpreservation/storagetechniques.

Resources• Budget:CHF1,224,209.09

• Trainingmaterials

• Trainers

• TechnicalsupportfromtheZoneoffice.

• Seedsandagricimplements.

• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)

Programme component 2: Increase community access to adequate and nutritious food

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Summary logical framework

Means of verification• Foodsecurityreports

• Assessmentreports.

• Periodicevaluationreports.

• Directobservation.

• Householdsurveyreports.

• Countryprogrammereports.

Risks/assumptions• Communitiesactivelyparticipateinfoodsecurity

initiatives.

• Skilledstaffandvolunteersremainintheprogramme.

• Thereisnodrasticchangeinthenatureandoccurrenceofdisasters.

Sources• DonorsandPartners,relevantdepartmentsfrom

governmentandhigherinstitutionsoflearning.

• IFRC(technicalsupport).

• Community

• Localandregionalmarkets.

Resources• Budget:CHF1,224,209.09

• Trainingmaterials

• Trainers

• TechnicalsupportfromtheZoneoffice.

• Seedsandagricimplements.

• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)

Preconditions• Warehousefacilityavailableatbranchlevel–

inagreementwithIFRCstandardsandprocedures.

• Logisticscapacitytoimplementwarehousemanagementeffectively.

• Transportavailabletotransportfoodparcels tobeprocessedand/ormarketed.

• PNSareinterestedandsupportthenutritionalimprovementofthevulnerablepopulation.

Programme component 2: Increase community access to adequate and nutritious food

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Outcomes3.1 Increasedcommunityawarenessofcommunity-

basedhealthinterventionsandFirstAid.

3.2 Increasedaccesstohealthservicesbycommunities.

3.3 Increasedcapacityofcommunitiestocopewithhealthchallengesintimesofrecurrentdisasters.

3.4 Improvedcommunityaccesstoadequatesafewater,sanitationandhygiene.

3.5 ReducedfurtherspreadofHIVthroughcommunityandvolunteerpreventivemeasures.

Activities3.1 TrainvolunteersonCommunityBasedHealth

and First Aid (CBHFA)

3.2 ProcureanddistributeCommunityBasedHealthand First Aid kits to branches

3.3 Conducthealtheducationmainlyfocusingoncholera,malariaandHIV.

3.4 TraincommunitiesonvectorcontrolandhygienepromotionusingthePHASTmethodology.

3.5 ConstructSPHEREcompliantsanitationfacilitiesinthecommunities.

3.6 Establishandtrainfunctionalcommunitywatercommitteesonwaterconservationandhygienepromotion.

3.7 Recruitandtraincommunitypeereducators.

3.8 PromotetheuptakeofVCTandPMTCTinconjunctionwithMinistryofHealth.

3.9 Traincommunitiesonskillsforpersonalprotectionincludingcondomuse.

Objectively verifiable indicators• Numberofbrancheswithvolunteerstrainedon

communitybasedhealthandFirstAid.

• Numberoffacilitiesprovidingmalariaandcholerapreventativeandcurativeservices.

• Numberofpeopleeffectivelyusingthelonglastinginsecticidetreatedbednets(LLITN’s).

• Numberofhouseholdsreachedbyhealtheducationandsensitizationprogrammes.

• 85%coverageoftargetpopulationwithwatersuppliesrequiringlessthan30minutesroundtriptraveltime.

• Capacityofwatersourcetoensure20litresperpersonperday(SPHEREstandard)achievedintargetpopulations.

• 80%ofwaterpointsand80%ofinstalledlatrinesareingoodworkingorder.

• 85%coverageintargetpopulationbycompetenthygienepromotersusingPHAST.

• Numberofcondomsdistributed

• Numberofpeoplereachedthroughpeereducatorsactivities

• Numberofpeoplereachedwithawarenessraising/IECactivities

• NumberofpeoplereferredtoVCTservices

• NumberofpeoplereferredtoPMTCTservices

• Numberofpeereducatorsandcarefacilitatorstrainedinprevention,care,treatmentandsupport.

Resources• Budget:CHF2,153,070.55

• IECmaterials.

• ITNs.

• Hygienematerials.

• Trainers/Facilitators.

• Peereducators.

• Communityhealthworkers.

• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)

Programme component 3: Reduction of deaths, illnesses and impact from diseases in communities along the Zambezi River basin

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Summary logical framework

Means of verification• Ministryofhealthstatistics.

• Assessmentreports.

• Programmeevaluationreports.

• Trainingreports.

• Householdsurveyreports.

• Periodicalsamplesurveyreports.

• Countryprogrammereports.

• Reportsofstakeholder/partnerorganisations (e.g.WHO).

Sources• IFRC(technicalsupport).

• DonorsandPartners,relevantdepartmentsfromgovernmentandhigherinstitutionsoflearning.

• Ruralwatersupplyauthorities

Resources• Budget:CHF2,153,070.55

• IECmaterials.

• ITNs.

• Hygienematerials.

• Trainers/Facilitators.

• Peereducators.

• Communityhealthworkers.

• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)

Risks/assumptions• Risks/Assumptions

• Peopleinthetargetcommunitiesareabletoutiliseprojectinterventionsforbehaviouralchange.

• Participationofvulnerablegroupsinprogrammeactivitiesissustained.

• Goodhygienepracticesdonotseriouslyconflict withacceptedculturalnormsandbeliefs.

• Externalfactorsdonotsignificantlyerodeprogrammeinitiatives’achievements.

Preconditions• Communitymembersadoptbehavioural

changemessages.

• Constructionmaterialsareavailableand/oraccessibleatreasonablecosts.

• AvailabilityofVCTandPMTCTservices.

• Availabilityofhealthfacilities.

Programme component 3: Reduction of deaths, illnesses and impact from diseases in communities along the Zambezi River basin

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Outcomes4.1 IncreasedvisibilityandpresenceofRedCross

brancheslocatedalongtheZambeziRiverbasin.

4.2 Increasedcapacityofbranchestobevibrantandwellfunctioning.

4.3 Increasedaccessandutilisationoflocalresources by branches along the Zambezi River basintodeliverlowcost,highimpactservices,whicharenotdependentonexternalfunding.

4.4 Increasedbranchcapacityintrackingprogrammeperformanceatcommunitylevel.

Activities4.1 Trainbranchleadershiponbranchdevelopment

andvolunteermanagement.

4.2 Developandimplementsystemstomonitorvolunteeractivities.

4.3 Createpartnershipswithrelevantkeystakeholders.

4.4 Trainvolunteersonrelevantprogrammeskills.

4.5 Establishasystemthatpromotescommunicationbetweentechnicalprogrammestaffandvolunteers.

4.6 Developstandardizedmonitoringandevaluationtools.

4.7 Providetechnicalsupportonlocalfundraisingandincomegenerationactivities.

4.8 Createpartnershipswithgovernment,regionalandinternationalorganisationstoshareinformationonlessonslearntandbestpractices.

Objectively verifiable indicators• NumberofbranchesadheringtoFederation’s

standardsofCWFB(Characteristicsofwell-functioningbraches)

• Numberofbranchesthatresponsivetotheneedsofthecommunity.

• Numberofbrancheswithfunctionaldatabaseforvolunteersandyouth.

• Numberofvolunteersrecruited

• Numberofvolunteersretainedinthetargetedareas

• NumberpartnersworkingwithbranchesalongtheZambeziRiverbasin.

• Numberofbranchesthatdelivertimelyservicestothecommunitiestheyserve.

• Numberofbranchesthatproducetimelyandquality programme performance reports

• Numberofbrancheswithafunctionalprogrammeperformance tracking system at community level

Resources• Budget:CHF988,141.81

• Trainingmaterials.

• Trainersandfacilitators.

• ITequipments

• Transportfacilities.

• M&Etools.

• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)

Programme component 4: Increase capacity to Implement disaster preparedness, response and recovery operations

Administration Resources

Projectoperationadministrationcosts • Budget:CHF806,621.27ContributiontoNationalSocieties’CoreCost • Budget:CHF687,436.07PSR6.5percent • Budget:CHF560,654.32

TOTAL 8,625,451

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Summary logical framework

Means of verification• Programmeevaluationreports.

• Branchassessmentreports

• Partnershipagreementdocuments

• Trainingattendancerecordsandpre/posttrainingassessments.

Sources• IFRC(technicalsupport).

• DonorsandPartners

• Governmentinstitutions

Resources• Budget:CHF988,141.81

• Trainingmaterials.

• Trainersandfacilitators.

• ITequipments

• Transportfacilities.

• M&Etools.

• Humanresources(volunteers,branchofficestaffandheadquartersstaff)

Risks/assumptions• Risks/Assumptions

• NScommittedtoownsustainability,financial andoperationaltransparency.

• Partnersremainfaithfulforcommittedtime.

• NSleadershiphasextendedfullsupporttoadhere tostatutes,policydevelopmentanddissemination

Preconditions• Donorsareabletoappreciatetheneedforcapital

assetsforsmoothprojectimplementation.

• Willingvolunteers(voluntarismspirit)

• Branchstructuresexist

Programme component 4: Increase capacity to Implement disaster preparedness, response and recovery operations

Administration Resources

Projectoperationadministrationcosts • Budget:CHF806,621.27ContributiontoNationalSocieties’CoreCost • Budget:CHF687,436.07PSR6.5percent • Budget:CHF560,654.32

TOTAL 8,625,451

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38International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent SocietiesSouthern Africa / Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Zambezi River Basin Initiative

Appeal budget summary (2009 - 2011)

Total appeal budget(cash and kind)

Supplies28%

Capitalequipment

1%

Transport, storageand vehicles

7%

Personnnel25%

Training11%

Early warningsystems

7%

Generalexpenses

14%

Programmesupport

7%

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Supplies

Shelter 0ConstructionMaterials 113,000ClothingandTextiles 0Food 0SeedsandPlants 892,045WaterandSanitation 641,618MedicalandFirstAid 233,300TeachingMaterials 576,616UtensilsandTools 0OtherSuppliesandServices 0EmergencyResponseUnits(ERUs) 0

Capital equipment LandandBuildings 0Boats 75,000ComputersandTelecomEquipment 0Office/HouseholdFurnitureandEquip. 0MedicalEquipment 0OtherMachineryandEquipment 0

Transport, storage and vehicles Storage-Warehouse 0DistributionandMonitoring 90,000TransportandVehiclesCosts 520,479

Personnel InternationalStaff 558,000RegionallyDeployedStaff 0NationalStaff 90,000NationalSocietyStaff 1,451,000Consultants 40,000

Training WorkshopsandTraining 910,996

Early warning systems Earlywarningsystems 165,364Communitybasedhazardmapping 122,091Communitybaseddisastermanagementcommittees 337,000

General expenses Travel 242,800InformationandPublicRelations 121,909Officerunningcosts 48,000CommunicationCosts 72,000ProfessionalFees 46,642FinancialCharges 29,500ContributiontoNationalSocieties’CoreCosts 687,436Depreciation 0SharedServices 0

Programme support ProgrammeSupport-PSR 560,654

Services and recoveries ServicesandRecoveries

Total Appeal Budget (Cash and Kind) 8,625,451

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Africa zone InternationalFederationofRedCross andRedCrescentSocieties

For more information, please contact:

IFRC Southern Africa 44 Wierda Road West Wierda Valley, Sandton Johannesburg, South Africa Tel: + 27 11 303 9700 Web site: http://www.ifrc.org

Copies and translations of all or part of this document may be made for non-commercial use, providing the source is acknowledged. The International Federation would appreciate receiving details of its use.

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