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Yorkland Controls Ltd.Yorkland Controls Ltd.Yorkland Controls Ltd.2009 Business Conference2009 Business Conference
The Story Continues……….The Story Continues……….
Is Wireless Ready for Building Automation ?Is Wireless Ready for Building Automation ?
Johnson Controls Product Sales Manager, Canada.
Joe is responsible for all Johnson Controls product sales in Canada, including all BAS, HVAC and refrigeration controls and control devices, VFD’s, fire, security and DVN systems sold through JCI Branches and independent third party channels.
Joe has been in the HVAC / BAS industry since 1981 as a facilities manager, public works manager, international business manager, and as CEO of a BAS manufacturer.
Joe graduated from the University of Alaska Fairbanks with a BS in Natural Resources Management.
He is an ASHRAE member, and a member of the Association of Energy Engineers.
IntroductionIntroduction
Wireless Technology OverviewWireless Technology Overview
ZigBee FieldbusZigBee Fieldbus
System ConsiderationsSystem Considerations
ApplicationsApplications
Customer BenefitsCustomer Benefits
QuestionsQuestions
OverviewOverview
So, what is the attraction with wireless?…
Potential Installation Savings
Wireless Everywhere – Inside the Building
Customers/users are demanding seamless and ubiquitous connectivity. Voice, Data
In-building wireless accessibility is a growing requirement
Cell phones, pagers, PDAs, 2-way radios, wireless LAN, Wi-Fi, emergency communications, wireless building systems, clinical systems.
Wireless now a priority
Maintain competitive edge
Improving productivity
Facilitating collaboration
Reducing costs
Building-based
Shared infrastructure
Multiple applications
Broadband
Seamless coverage
Wireless Infrastructure
Wireless Distribution
System Passive
Wireless Distribution System Active
Mobile Access
Spot Coverage
In-building Wireless Evolution
wVoIP
IT decision makers
RFLS
Cost ↓
WMTS
802.11a
Security
Lack of WiFi provider support
Single Offering
Distributed Antenna System (DAS)
Discrete WiFi
Cellular & PCS only
SMR/First Responder
Passive & Active DAS
WiFi & CelluarPCS
Spot coverageFull-Service DAS
Technology Drivers Solution Focused
802.11n
WiMax
Time frame: Future direction200820052004 2006 2007→→ →→ →→ →→ →→
Wireless Technology Overview
The Wireless Landscape …
… is still growing
ZigBee Lite
Technology driving Wireless Evolution
Open Technology Standards
Standards Based
IEEE 802.15.4
ZigBee® technology
ASHRAE BACnet
ZigBee Alliance and ASHRAE worked together to create a wireless BAS standard.
ASHRAE SSPC 135
BACnet has been under active development since June of 1987 when the first meeting of Standard Project Committee (SPC) 135P took place at the
ASHRAE Annual Meeting in Nashville, Tennessee.
ASHRAE Definition of SSPC
An SSPC is charged with the maintenance and enhancement of an ASHRAE standard where it has been determined that a group of experts needs to be available to answer questions, render interpretations, and, in general, maintain a standard after it has been promulgated. This is of particular importance with a standard such as BACnet that involves a highly dynamic field, in this case computer data communications.
HVAC Industry StandardsHVAC Industry Standards
Fieldbus ControllersFieldbus Controllers
BACnet RS485 MS/TPBACnet RS485 MS/TP
LONLON
Supervisory ControllersSupervisory Controllers
BACnet IPBACnet IP
Proprietary68%
LonWorks6%
BACnet23%
Other2%
TCP/IP1%
(Source: Frost & Sullivan, North American Building Protocol Analysis, 2001)(Source: Frost & Sullivan, North American Building Protocol Analysis, 2001)
““The HVAC control system shall use BACnet RS485 MS/TP The HVAC control system shall use BACnet RS485 MS/TP as the communication protocol for all fieldbus controllers, as the communication protocol for all fieldbus controllers,
and BACnet IP for all supervisory controllers, and BACnet IP for all supervisory controllers, and shall provide full communications support for LON fieldbus cand shall provide full communications support for LON fieldbus controllers.ontrollers.””
SSPC WORKING GROUPS
SSPC 135 is sub‐divided into "working groups."
AP‐WG : Applications (profiles)
IP‐WG : Internet Protocol (NAT / firewall issues)
LA‐WG : Lighting Applications
LSS‐WG : Life Safety and Security
MS/TP‐WG : Master‐Slave/Token‐Passing
NS‐WG : Network Security
OS‐WG : Objects and Services
TI‐WG : Testing and Interoperability
UI‐WG : Utility Integration
WN‐WG : Wireless Networking
XML‐WG : XML Applications
ASHRAE SSPC135 WN-WG : Wireless Networking
This group was formed to investigate the use of BACnet with wireless communication technologies.
The Wireless Networking Working Group developed an addendum thattunnels BACnet over ZigBee wireless networks; it was first presented during the ASHRAE winter meeting and approved this past summer.
Addendum 135‐2004q‐3
Defines the use of ZigBee as a BACnet data link layer.
Wireless Technology Overview
Wireless Technology Overview
Why ZigBee?Rapidly Adopting Customer Base, Multi-sourced Chip Providers
Quickly becoming industry standard for wireless peripheral communication
Southern California Edison will have in place 5 million ZigBee wireless nodes for electric, gas, and water utility meter reading in homes
ZigBee radios and integrated microprocessors are available from multiple vendors
Texas Instruments™
Oki™ Semiconductor
Ember™
Freescale™ Semiconductor
Processor Radio
ZigBee and BACnetThe Partnership Solidifies ZigBee in the Commercial Building Industry
“BACnet is partnering with ZigBee because we see a number of strengths by working together and creating a mutually beneficial relationship by marrying our technologies. Our teams are dedicated to working very closely to deliver long-term value for the commercial building industry.”
Bill Swan, BACnet Committee chair
Just this year, BACnet added ZigBee as it’s FIRST wireless data link!
Overview of ZigBee TechnologyOrigin Of ZigBee Name
The name ZigBee comes from the domestic honeybee, which uses a zig-zag type of dance to communicate important information to other hive members. This communications dance (the "ZigBee Principle") is what engineers are trying to emulate with this protocol -- a bunch of separate, simple organisms that join to together to tackle complex tasks. Besides all this, the name rivals Bluetooth.
Overview of ZigBee TechnologyZigBee Mesh – Node Types
ZigBee Mesh Networks Have 3 Types of Nodes
Coordinator
Starts the network
Routers
Creates the Mesh by routing data / BACnet messages
End Devices
Sleeping nodes
Sensors
Overview of ZigBee TechnologyWireless PANs Behave Similar to Ethernet Subnet Mask
Overview of ZigBee TechnologyWireless PANs
Wait a second…
PANs solve this dilemma
A Personnel Area Network is a local area network identifier that supports up to 64,000 unique addresses
Each Coordinator Owns the PAN
What if you have multiple Coordinators in close proximity
operating on the same radio channel?
Wireless Field Bus System example
Wireless Field Bus
Simple add-on hardware seamlessly enables wireless communication for standard BAS devices.
Works with existing BACnet MS/TP field equipment controllers. No special versions of hardware are required.
BAS System Architecture Using Wireless Gateway
System Components
ZFR
Wireless Solution ExamplesFan Coil and Roof Top Controllers
ZigBee wireless technology can be used to extend wireless capability to BACnet over Ethernet!
Coordinator with system InterfaceProvides wireless WAP between
supervisory controller and field controllersBACnet Field Bus can support
simultaneous wired and wireless operation BACnet over Ethernet provides WAP to
supervisory controller over IP.
Field Equipment Controllers With Built in ZigBee Router
wireless interface between field controllers and supervisory controllers
wireless mesh between field controllers
BACnet MS/TP Field Busor Ethernet
Coordinator & Gateway(WAP)
Web Enabled User Interface
Wireless Controllers Used as Repeaters
Wireless Mesh EnabledControllers
Ethernet
Frequency Band Utilization
The wireless system should not interfere with other wireless systems, and other wireless systems should not interfere with ZFR system
uses an IEEE 802.15.4 transmitter on the 2.4G Hz operating frequency band
No common frequencies between cell phones bands and 2.4G Hz
Same frequency band as IEEE 802.11 WiFi, but different sized channels; ZigBee automatically selects non-overlapping, “quiet”channels (e.g. 25, 15, 20)
Field-selectable channels are also an option, to accommodate specific requests from customers’ IT departments
Wireless Field Bus Reliability
Open Systems Standards
Uses IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standards and ZigBee® technology
2.4G Hz global, unlicensed operating frequency band
Multi-frequency direct sequence spread-spectrum technology
Promotes non-interference with other wireless devices
System ReliabilityUses mesh technology to provide reliable wireless connectivity
Provides wireless connectivity without the need for any pre-existing wireless infrastructure
Creates wireless infrastructure among ZigBee System devices
Automatically forming, multiple transmission paths facilitate reliable, resilient, self-healing wireless network
Mesh System Reliability
Wireless mesh network provides multiple wireless transmission paths that enhance wireless reliability.
Automatically forming a resilient, self-healing, multi-hop wireless network
Wireless mesh network provides multiple wireless transmission paths that enhance wireless reliability.
Automatically forming a resilient, self-healing, multi-hop wireless network
Mesh System Reliability
Mesh System Reliability
Wireless mesh network provides multiple wireless transmission paths that enhance wireless reliability.If a device experiences interference or drops out, the wireless data communicates over alternative, automatically-forming paths to get to target destination device.
Wireless Technology Overview
Channel Spacing
Wireless Field Bus Reliability
Wireless field bus system should not interfere with other wireless systems, and other wireless systems should not interfere with the wireless field bus system.
How do we ensure this?
Wireless field bus system uses small data packets
ZigBee devices break up the data into very small data packets before transmitting
Various wireless technologies also use small data packets, which further helps minimize the potential for interference
Wireless field bus system uses CSMA/CA “collision avoidance” algorithm to listen on the channel before transmitting
Delays transmitting if it hears anyone else using the channel
Various wireless technologies also use CSMA/CA, which further helps minimize the potential for interference
Wireless field bus system requires an acknowledgement from the target device, and will retry multiple times until they receive such an acknowledgement
Wireless Field Bus Security
Secure wireless transmissions
Does not use WiFi technology, so is not part of the IT network
Uses ZigBee technology
Uses the open ZigBee standard, and leverages a secure application profile and messaging within the ZigBee standard
Prevents wireless field bus data transmissions from being interpreted by other wireless devices
Uses BACnet MS/TP messaging
Radio Transmission Format Discussion
“the radio” – heart of the system
broadcasts follow a “donut” shape
Horizontal radio wave propagation
Low power, short distance
ZFR
Interference Discussion
Cellular Spot Coverage
Interference Discussion
Cellular Spot Coverage
Cell Phones
Wireless phones
WiFi
Speaker Systems
Target Applications
Systems where traditional hardwiring is challenging, labor intensive, or aesthetically unappealing
Structures with exposed brick or concrete wallsUniversities, correctional facilities
Buildings with decorative surfaces such as marble, granite, glass, wood, mirrors
Museums, convention centers
Locations with large, open spaces
Atriums, stadiums, arenas, gymnasiums, convention centers, airports, & auditoriums
Historic buildings and sites requiring the preservation of architectural details
Buildings that contain asbestos and other materials that cannot be disturbed
Applications to Avoid
Applications in which use of cellular telephones or WiFi is not acceptable such as operating rooms and radiation therapy rooms
Validated environments
UL864 applications (smoke control)
Applications to Avoid
Critical control features would impact life safety or result in large monetary loss
Data centers, production lines, or critical areas would be shut down
Loss of critical control would result from loss of data from humidity or temperature sensor communications
Operation of exhaust fans or AHUs would impair a purge or pressurization mode
Missing data would invalidate reporting required by the customer
Security points are monitored
There are secondary (backup) life-safety applications
Applications that cannot tolerate intermittent interference in wireless conditions, including applications in which:
Customer Benefits
Provides application flexibility and mobility for initial installation and relocation.
Applications with frequent changes or tenant turnover, such as office buildings, commercial real estate buildings, and retail malls
Economical installations
Superior alternative to conventional hardwiring for cost prohibitive applications, or applications that require aesthetic or historic preservation
Applications with decorative surfaces, such as museums, historic buildings, and convention centers
Applications with hazardous materials, such as asbestos
Simplifies moves, adds, and changes
Offers quick expansion of control capabilities in existing installations
Minimizes disruption to building occupants.
Questions?
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