Yorkland Controls Ltd

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The Story Continues……….The Story Continues……….

Is Wireless Ready for Building Automation ?Is Wireless Ready for Building Automation ?

Johnson Controls Product Sales Manager, Canada.

Joe is responsible for all Johnson Controls product sales in Canada, including all BAS, HVAC and refrigeration controls and control devices, VFD’s, fire, security and DVN systems sold through JCI Branches and independent third party channels.

Joe has been in the HVAC / BAS industry since 1981 as a facilities manager, public works manager, international business manager, and as CEO of a BAS manufacturer.

Joe graduated from the University of Alaska Fairbanks with a BS in Natural Resources Management.

He is an ASHRAE member, and a member of the Association of Energy Engineers.

IntroductionIntroduction

Wireless Technology OverviewWireless Technology Overview

ZigBee FieldbusZigBee Fieldbus

System ConsiderationsSystem Considerations

ApplicationsApplications

Customer BenefitsCustomer Benefits

QuestionsQuestions

OverviewOverview

So, what is the attraction with wireless?…

Potential Installation Savings

Wireless Everywhere – Inside the Building

Customers/users are demanding seamless and ubiquitous connectivity. Voice, Data

In-building wireless accessibility is a growing requirement

Cell phones, pagers, PDAs, 2-way radios, wireless LAN, Wi-Fi, emergency communications, wireless building systems, clinical systems.

Wireless now a priority

Maintain competitive edge

Improving productivity

Facilitating collaboration

Reducing costs

Building-based

Shared infrastructure

Multiple applications

Broadband

Seamless coverage

Wireless Infrastructure

Wireless Distribution

System Passive

Wireless Distribution System Active

Mobile Access

Spot Coverage

In-building Wireless Evolution

wVoIP

IT decision makers

RFLS

Cost ↓

WMTS

802.11a

Security

Lack of WiFi provider support

Single Offering

Distributed Antenna System (DAS)

Discrete WiFi

Cellular & PCS only

SMR/First Responder

Passive & Active DAS

WiFi & CelluarPCS

Spot coverageFull-Service DAS

Technology Drivers Solution Focused

802.11n

WiMax

Time frame: Future direction200820052004 2006 2007→→ →→ →→ →→ →→

Wireless Technology Overview

The Wireless Landscape …

… is still growing

ZigBee Lite

Technology driving Wireless Evolution

Open Technology Standards

Standards Based

IEEE 802.15.4

ZigBee® technology

ASHRAE BACnet

ZigBee Alliance and ASHRAE worked together to create a wireless BAS standard.

ASHRAE SSPC 135

BACnet has been under active development since June of 1987 when the first meeting of Standard Project Committee (SPC) 135P took place at the

ASHRAE Annual Meeting in Nashville, Tennessee.

ASHRAE Definition of SSPC

An SSPC is charged with the maintenance and enhancement of an ASHRAE standard where it has been determined that a group of experts needs to be available to answer questions, render interpretations, and, in general, maintain a standard after it has been promulgated. This is of particular importance with a standard such as BACnet that involves a highly dynamic field, in this case computer data communications.

HVAC Industry StandardsHVAC Industry Standards

Fieldbus ControllersFieldbus Controllers

BACnet RS485 MS/TPBACnet RS485 MS/TP

LONLON

Supervisory ControllersSupervisory Controllers

BACnet IPBACnet IP

Proprietary68%

LonWorks6%

BACnet23%

Other2%

TCP/IP1%

(Source: Frost & Sullivan, North American Building Protocol Analysis, 2001)(Source: Frost & Sullivan, North American Building Protocol Analysis, 2001)

““The HVAC control system shall use BACnet RS485 MS/TP The HVAC control system shall use BACnet RS485 MS/TP as the communication protocol for all fieldbus controllers, as the communication protocol for all fieldbus controllers,

and BACnet IP for all supervisory controllers, and BACnet IP for all supervisory controllers, and shall provide full communications support for LON fieldbus cand shall provide full communications support for LON fieldbus controllers.ontrollers.””

SSPC WORKING GROUPS

SSPC 135 is sub‐divided into "working groups."

AP‐WG : Applications (profiles)

IP‐WG : Internet Protocol (NAT / firewall issues)

LA‐WG : Lighting Applications

LSS‐WG : Life Safety and Security

MS/TP‐WG : Master‐Slave/Token‐Passing

NS‐WG : Network Security

OS‐WG : Objects and Services

TI‐WG : Testing and Interoperability

UI‐WG : Utility Integration

WN‐WG : Wireless Networking

XML‐WG : XML Applications

ASHRAE SSPC135 WN-WG : Wireless Networking

This group was formed to investigate the use of BACnet with wireless communication technologies.

The Wireless Networking Working Group developed an addendum thattunnels BACnet over ZigBee wireless networks; it was first presented during the ASHRAE winter meeting and approved this past summer.

Addendum 135‐2004q‐3

Defines the use of ZigBee as a BACnet data link layer.



Why ZigBee?Rapidly Adopting Customer Base, Multi-sourced Chip Providers

Quickly becoming industry standard for wireless peripheral communication

Southern California Edison will have in place 5 million ZigBee wireless nodes for electric, gas, and water utility meter reading in homes

ZigBee radios and integrated microprocessors are available from multiple vendors

Texas Instruments™

Oki™ Semiconductor

Ember™

Freescale™ Semiconductor

Processor Radio

ZigBee and BACnetThe Partnership Solidifies ZigBee in the Commercial Building Industry

“BACnet is partnering with ZigBee because we see a number of strengths by working together and creating a mutually beneficial relationship by marrying our technologies. Our teams are dedicated to working very closely to deliver long-term value for the commercial building industry.”

Bill Swan, BACnet Committee chair

Just this year, BACnet added ZigBee as it’s FIRST wireless data link!

Overview of ZigBee TechnologyOrigin Of ZigBee Name

The name ZigBee comes from the domestic honeybee, which uses a zig-zag type of dance to communicate important information to other hive members. This communications dance (the "ZigBee Principle") is what engineers are trying to emulate with this protocol -- a bunch of separate, simple organisms that join to together to tackle complex tasks. Besides all this, the name rivals Bluetooth.

Overview of ZigBee TechnologyZigBee Mesh – Node Types

ZigBee Mesh Networks Have 3 Types of Nodes

Coordinator

Starts the network

Routers

Creates the Mesh by routing data / BACnet messages

End Devices

Sleeping nodes

Sensors

Overview of ZigBee TechnologyWireless PANs Behave Similar to Ethernet Subnet Mask

Overview of ZigBee TechnologyWireless PANs

Wait a second…

PANs solve this dilemma

A Personnel Area Network is a local area network identifier that supports up to 64,000 unique addresses

Each Coordinator Owns the PAN

What if you have multiple Coordinators in close proximity

operating on the same radio channel?

Wireless Field Bus System example

Wireless Field Bus

Simple add-on hardware seamlessly enables wireless communication for standard BAS devices.

Works with existing BACnet MS/TP field equipment controllers. No special versions of hardware are required.

BAS System Architecture Using Wireless Gateway

System Components

ZFR

Wireless Solution ExamplesFan Coil and Roof Top Controllers

ZigBee wireless technology can be used to extend wireless capability to BACnet over Ethernet!

Coordinator with system InterfaceProvides wireless WAP between

supervisory controller and field controllersBACnet Field Bus can support

simultaneous wired and wireless operation BACnet over Ethernet provides WAP to

supervisory controller over IP.

Field Equipment Controllers With Built in ZigBee Router

wireless interface between field controllers and supervisory controllers

wireless mesh between field controllers

BACnet MS/TP Field Busor Ethernet

Coordinator & Gateway(WAP)

Web Enabled User Interface

Wireless Controllers Used as Repeaters

Wireless Mesh EnabledControllers

Ethernet

Frequency Band Utilization

The wireless system should not interfere with other wireless systems, and other wireless systems should not interfere with ZFR system

uses an IEEE 802.15.4 transmitter on the 2.4G Hz operating frequency band

No common frequencies between cell phones bands and 2.4G Hz

Same frequency band as IEEE 802.11 WiFi, but different sized channels; ZigBee automatically selects non-overlapping, “quiet”channels (e.g. 25, 15, 20)

Field-selectable channels are also an option, to accommodate specific requests from customers’ IT departments

Wireless Field Bus Reliability

Open Systems Standards

Uses IEEE 802.15.4 wireless standards and ZigBee® technology

2.4G Hz global, unlicensed operating frequency band

Multi-frequency direct sequence spread-spectrum technology

Promotes non-interference with other wireless devices

System ReliabilityUses mesh technology to provide reliable wireless connectivity

Provides wireless connectivity without the need for any pre-existing wireless infrastructure

Creates wireless infrastructure among ZigBee System devices

Automatically forming, multiple transmission paths facilitate reliable, resilient, self-healing wireless network

Mesh System Reliability

Wireless mesh network provides multiple wireless transmission paths that enhance wireless reliability.

Automatically forming a resilient, self-healing, multi-hop wireless network

Wireless mesh network provides multiple wireless transmission paths that enhance wireless reliability.

Automatically forming a resilient, self-healing, multi-hop wireless network



Wireless mesh network provides multiple wireless transmission paths that enhance wireless reliability.If a device experiences interference or drops out, the wireless data communicates over alternative, automatically-forming paths to get to target destination device.


Channel Spacing

Wireless Field Bus Reliability

Wireless field bus system should not interfere with other wireless systems, and other wireless systems should not interfere with the wireless field bus system.

How do we ensure this?

Wireless field bus system uses small data packets

ZigBee devices break up the data into very small data packets before transmitting

Various wireless technologies also use small data packets, which further helps minimize the potential for interference

Wireless field bus system uses CSMA/CA “collision avoidance” algorithm to listen on the channel before transmitting

Delays transmitting if it hears anyone else using the channel

Various wireless technologies also use CSMA/CA, which further helps minimize the potential for interference

Wireless field bus system requires an acknowledgement from the target device, and will retry multiple times until they receive such an acknowledgement

Wireless Field Bus Security

Secure wireless transmissions

Does not use WiFi technology, so is not part of the IT network

Uses ZigBee technology

Uses the open ZigBee standard, and leverages a secure application profile and messaging within the ZigBee standard

Prevents wireless field bus data transmissions from being interpreted by other wireless devices

Uses BACnet MS/TP messaging

Radio Transmission Format Discussion

“the radio” – heart of the system

broadcasts follow a “donut” shape

Horizontal radio wave propagation

Low power, short distance

ZFR

Interference Discussion

Cellular Spot Coverage

Interference Discussion

Cellular Spot Coverage

Cell Phones

Wireless phones

WiFi

Speaker Systems

Target Applications

Systems where traditional hardwiring is challenging, labor intensive, or aesthetically unappealing

Structures with exposed brick or concrete wallsUniversities, correctional facilities

Buildings with decorative surfaces such as marble, granite, glass, wood, mirrors

Museums, convention centers

Locations with large, open spaces

Atriums, stadiums, arenas, gymnasiums, convention centers, airports, & auditoriums

Historic buildings and sites requiring the preservation of architectural details

Buildings that contain asbestos and other materials that cannot be disturbed

Applications to Avoid

Applications in which use of cellular telephones or WiFi is not acceptable such as operating rooms and radiation therapy rooms

Validated environments

UL864 applications (smoke control)

Applications to Avoid

Critical control features would impact life safety or result in large monetary loss

Data centers, production lines, or critical areas would be shut down

Loss of critical control would result from loss of data from humidity or temperature sensor communications

Operation of exhaust fans or AHUs would impair a purge or pressurization mode

Missing data would invalidate reporting required by the customer

Security points are monitored

There are secondary (backup) life-safety applications

Applications that cannot tolerate intermittent interference in wireless conditions, including applications in which:

Customer Benefits

Provides application flexibility and mobility for initial installation and relocation.

Applications with frequent changes or tenant turnover, such as office buildings, commercial real estate buildings, and retail malls

Economical installations

Superior alternative to conventional hardwiring for cost prohibitive applications, or applications that require aesthetic or historic preservation

Applications with decorative surfaces, such as museums, historic buildings, and convention centers

Applications with hazardous materials, such as asbestos

Simplifies moves, adds, and changes

Offers quick expansion of control capabilities in existing installations

Minimizes disruption to building occupants.

Questions?

Documents

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