@Yard and Rack Area Piping (1)

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Yard Area Piping

Yard area piping: Piping out side power block is known as yardarea Piping.

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Yard area Piping

Yard area piping can be divided in two parts

Above Ground

Under Ground

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Above Ground Piping

In above ground piping following topic will be covered

Rack Piping

Sleeper Piping

Clearance

Human factor guide line

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Rack Piping

Definition: Pipe racks are structures designed and built specificallyto support multiple pipes where adequate structure is not

available.

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Rack Piping.

In rack piping following topics will be covered.

Rack width

Number of tier

Minimum vertical clearance

Clear height between tiers

Arrangement of pipes on rack

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Rack Piping

Rack width : Following factors will decide the rack width.

Number of Pipes laid on rack

Size of Pipes

Space between pipes

Electrical /instrument cable tray

Space reserved for future lines

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Rack Piping

Number Of Tier : Number of tier depend upon following factors.

Multi tier rack are cheaper than single tier.

When space is limited use multi tier even when width requirementIs 3-4 meters.

When width requirement increases more than 6 meters.

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Rack Piping

Vertical clearance:At the time of designing rack we should

decide elevation of lower tier of pipe rack on the basis of

following factors.

In maintenance way where loading unloading is expected 6m.

Above main road ways along which crane movements is

expected 10m.

height of equipment to be located beneath the rack at grade

level .

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Rack Piping

Clear Height Between Tiers : Clear height between tiersdepend upon following factors.

If there is requirement of walk way then man height clearance

has to given.

If any manually operated valve or control station is on rack

then rack tiers has to given space to operate valve easily.

Generally provide space between tiers in range of 1m-3m.

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Rack Piping

This figure is taken from Dharki project which show the spacebetween tiers is 1.2m

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Rack Piping

Arrangement Of Pipes On Rack

Heavier pipelines should be located as near as possible columns.

Pipes should be located clear off columns so as to enable the

columns to be extended upward for future expansion.

Valves requiring frequent operation, strainers, safety valves, on-

line flow meters, etc. should not be placed on racks as far as

practicable.

In case of pipes nearest to the columns, locate all joints, flanged

or welded, away from the columns.

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Rack Piping

Single Tier Arrangement :

Fuel oil line should not be placed adjacent steam lines

or other high temperature pipe work to eliminate fire hazards.

Group of Steam lines requiring expansion loops should be on

one side of the rack.

Within the cluster of hot lines at each level, position of the

hottest line should be at the outermost (nearest to the column).

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Rack Piping

Multi tier Rack Piping arrangement

If electrical cable trays require different level should be at top

tier.

All critical lines should be in upper level.

Non critical (utility lines) lines should be in lower level.

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Rack PipingMulti tier Rack Piping arrangement

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Sleeper Piping

In sleeper piping we will cover following topics.

Sleeper

Sleeper width

Sleeper span

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Sleeper Piping

Sleeper : Sleeper is a concrete structure that is used generally inyard area with C channel for supporting of pipes when BOP pipes

at same elevation .

Sleeper height is generally kept 350mm from grade level.

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Sleeper Piping

Sleeper Width: sleeper width is decided on following factors

Number of pipe that comes on sleeper and size of pipes

Space between pipe lines

Leave 200-300mm space from both side of sleeper

Generally 20% to 25% space is reserved for future lines

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Sleeper Piping

Sleeper Span: Sleeper span is decided on the basis of followingfactors.

Cost of sleeper is high so use of excess sleepers should beavoided.

Sleeper span is decided on the basis of large bore span

So that we can optimize the cost of supporting.

Generally keep sleeper span between 4.5m-6m

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Sleeper Piping

This snap shows sleeper span of 4.5m for Cirebon Project

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Clearance

While designing piping systems ,adequate clearances must beprovided between pipe and other piping systems, duct work

structural steel and concrete , equipment and cable tray to allow

interference-free erection maintenance in service inspection.

Final spacing and clearance should be provided to permit the

maintenance or removal of any valve or other piece of equipment

with out disturbing any adjacent piping or equipment.

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Clearance

Head room clearance : Provide following minimum head room

clearances under all pipes.

2.1m over walk way areas

3.8m over maintenance way

6m over roads or any truck access

7m over rail road

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Clearance

Spacing between parallel pipe lines

There shall be enough space between parallel lines forassembly of clamps and flanges so keep following distancebetween different diameter Pipes.

The minimum face to face distance of cold ,non insulatedpipe shall be 100mm if both adjacent pipes are smallbore

Face to face distance between large bore pipes shall be150mm

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Clearance

For pipes size higher than 300mm running parallel to eachother minimum face to face distance should be 200mm

Hot piping should be be designed that sufficient space for

installation of thermal insulation and allowance for thermal

movement will be obtained. insulated piping shall have aminimum face to face distance of 150mm