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NITROX PRODUCTION WITHIN A DIVE OPERATION

Presented by:

Cesare Benelli,Coltri Sub & Glenn Huebner, Nuvair

Presented by:

Cesare Benelli,Coltri Sub & Glenn Huebner, Nuvair

WHAT IS “NITROX”?

Also referred to as EAN, EaNX,

Enriched air, & Enriched air nitrox

A gas mixture containing nitrogen &

oxygen with a higher % of oxygen

than normal breathing air

OEA - Oxygen enriched air

WHY DO RECREATIONAL DIVERS USE NITROX?

Less N2 absorption in body tissue.

Lessens risk of decompression sickness.

Provides longer bottom times.

Increases safety margins.

Popular with Dive masters & instructors.

WHEN CAN RECREATIONAL DIVERS USE NITROX?

On all recreational dives.

Leading training agencies have

introduced optional nitrox training

within entry level courses.

Leading training agencies have

also introduced introductory

programs to initiate divers to nitrox

prior qualification

WHAT % OF REC DIVERS ARE USING NITROX?

Exact figures not known, but tens of 1000’s of divers train each year with Nitrox

Many dive resorts & liveaboard/charter vessels are already providing nitrox

TRAINING REQUIRED FOR THE USE OF NITROX

Courses are available from all

major DSAT agencies

Basic Nitrox training allows diving

with up to 40% mix

Technical Nitrox training is required

for mixes over 40%

WHY OFFER NITROX ?

To increases potential revenue

Provides more & diverse diving opportunities for clients.

Provides additional training opportunities & revenue

Attracts more customers to your dive centre / vessel

Extra equipment sales

ADDITIONAL REASONS TO OFFER NITROX.

Reduction of DCS exposure to divers on multi-day dive trips

Reduces operator, Dive master & Instructor liability

Provides a marketing edge over competitors.

Adoption of Nitrox by all major training agencies

Emergence of ‘tech’ diving within the mainstream.

WHO ELSE USES NITROX?

Recreational dive

professionals

Public safety divers

Scientific divers

Commercial divers

NASA astronauts

HOW IS NITROX DELIVERED TO THE DIVER?

Specially marked cylinders

Diver must have proof of nitrox

certification

Diver must analyze gas

Diver must sign gas log

For ‘Nitrox Experience’ programs

Certified DM/Instructors to comply

with above procedures.

NITROX PRODUCTION OPTIONS:

• PARTIAL PRESSURE BLENDING

• CONTINUOUS FLOW BLENDING

• MEMBRANE SYSTEM

PARTIAL PRESSURE BLENDING

1. Decant 100% pure O2 to dive cylinder **

2. Top off with O2 J grade compatible air **

** Amounts vary according to required mix and cylinder contents & must be calculated.

ADVANTAGES OF PARTIAL PRESSURE BLENDING

Lowest start up costs of

blending methods.

Popular with technical divers

DISADVANTAGES OF PARTIAL PRESSURE BLENDING

Requires transport and handling of 100% pure high pressure O2

Requires error free mathematical calculations

Requires special filtration & expensive consumables to reach J grade quality air.

Requires trained/certified gas blending technician.

ADDITIONAL DISADVANTAGES OF P/P BLENDING

Mix may not be exact +/-

P/P blending should be very slow

100% O2 availability

Purchase & transport costs of

100% O2

High levels of liability for operators

CONTINUOUS FLOW BLENDING

1. Gas is pre-mixed using O2 & breathing air with a blending panel

2. Normal high pressure

compressor is used to fill cylinder

ADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS FLOW BLENDING

Relatively inexpensive More practical & faster than

partial pressure blending

If using an automated blending panel its is an easy to use & precise method. The panel achieves reduction of associated O2

handing risks with the use of

auto O2 cut - off valves

DISADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS FLOW BLENDING

100% O2 availability

Purchase & transport costs

of 100% O2

High levels of liability for

operators

MEMBRANE SYSTEM NITROX PRODUCTION Normal Air filtered to Grade E standard & pumped into membrane @

low pressure

O2 permeates thru membrane more than N2 . N2 rich mix vented, O2 rich mix pumped into high pressure compressor **

Normal high pressure compressor used to fill cylinder. ** N2O2 mix controlled via air flow rate into membrane.

POSSIBLE MEMBRANE SYSTEMS

LP compressor - LP filtration - Membrane - HP compressor - cylinder

POSSIBLE MEMBRANE SYSTEMS

Air bank - LP pressure reducer - LP filtration - Membrane - HP compressor - Cylinder

ADVANTAGES OF A MEMBRANE SYSTEM

Simple operation

No need to store or mix high-

pressure O2

Virtually eliminates hazards

associated with handling 100% O2

Highly accurate method of

blending

ADDITIONAL ADVANTAGES OF MEMBRANE SYSTEMS

FAST: Fill nitrox tanks at same speed you fill with air

LOW: Maintenance & operating costs.

SIMPLE: Training & use.

Note:Note: Membrane systems have the lowest levels of Membrane systems have the lowest levels ofOperator risk exposure when filling Nitrox cylinders.Operator risk exposure when filling Nitrox cylinders.

RELIABILITY OF THE COLTRI /NUVAIR MEMBRANE

Systems reliable as a normal

air compressor systems

20-30 year life span

Compressor are covered by

1 year warranty

Membrane systems are

covered by 5 year warranty.

Note:Note: It is Important stated maintenance procedures It is Important stated maintenance procedures are followedare followed

DISADVANTAGES OF A MEMBRANE SYSTEM?

Higher initial capital investment

May require additional electrical

IS A NEW HP COMPRESSOR NEEDED FOR NITROX?

Can usually use your existing compressor .

A well maintained ‘used’ compressor may need a mild overhaul and internal cleanup if previously used with mineral oil.**

** Any HP Compressor used to compress Nitrox must be lubricated by a synthetic oil rated for use with nitrox

IS USING NITROX WITH A HP COMPRESSOR SAFE?

There are attendant risks with compressing any gas

Compressing N2O2

containing 40% or less O2

poses no more risk than pumping normal breathing air at higher pressures

WHEN USING MEMBRANE OR CONTINUOUS BLENDING…

Considerations:

Slightly more conservative than compressing air

Compressor oil

Compressor operating temp.

Filtration

WHAT IF I NEED TO PRODUCE 40%+ NITROX MIX?

Recreational Divers will not use more than 40% Nitrox

The most popular mix currently used within dive centers/vessels is 32%

If a deco mix exceeding 40% is required by tech divers a P/P system can be used.

Note: Recommended depth limit for recreational divers is 30m, best suited to a 32% Nitrox mix

TRAINING STAFF TO FILL NITROX TANKS

Most people can learn to operate a membrane nitrox system in less than one hour.

We will be conducting a live demonstration at the end of this session

END OF PART ONE

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