World War I Chapter 29. The Rise of Nationalism Nations competing for power Competition for colonies...
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- World War I Chapter 29
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- The Rise of Nationalism Nations competing for power Competition
for colonies in Africa and Asia Other groups, Serbs, Bulgarians,
Romanians pushing for independence
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- Military Powers European Nations believed they needed to have a
powerful military Militarism- policy of glorifying the military
power and keeping an army prepared for war
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- Militarism Frightened Many The entire able-bodied population
are preparing to massacre one another; though no one, it is true,
wants to attack, and everybody protests his love of peace and
determination to maintain it, yet the whole world feels that it
only requires some unforeseen incident, some unpreventable
accident, for the spark to fall in a flashand blow all Europe
sky-high Frederic Passy (1895)
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- Rivalries and Alliances Emerge
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- Otto Von Bismarck What tactic/strategy did he use to unify
Germany?
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- Rivalries and Alliances Bismarck believed Germanys greatest
threat was France As long as it is without alliesFrance poses no
danger to us -Otto Von Bismarck
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- Triple Alliance Germany formed a dual alliance with Austria-
Hungary Italy joined the Alliance a couple years later Bismarck
then also signed a treaty with Russia
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- Triple Alliance Treaty 1.What country was this document
bringing into the alliance? 2.What was one of the chief aims of the
Triple Alliance? 3.What happens if Italy is attacked by France?
4.Article 4: What happens if a great power attacks one of the high
contracting powers? 5.Is the treaty secretive or open? 6.How long
is the treaty initially in force for?
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- Germany Slips Up Kaiser Wilhelm II forced Bismarck to resign in
1890 He did not want to share power with anyone Wanted to show the
world how mighty Germany was
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- Germany Slips Up Wilhelm let treaty with Russia run out in 1890
Russia formed a military alliance with France in 1892 This was
Bismarcks greatest fear War with one would be war with the other 2
front war
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- Germany Slips Up Wilhelm also began a massive ship building
project Wanted his navy equivalent to Great Britain GB was
threatened by Germany
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- Triple Entente Great Britain forms an alliance with France In
1907, Great Britain, France, and Russia formed the Triple
Entente
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- Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple
Entente France, Russia, and Great Britain
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- Crisis in the Balkans
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- The Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire encompassed Turkey and
the Balkan Peninsula However, its power was in decline and several
nationalist groups declared their independence
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- Balkan Nations These new formed countries in the Balkans
included Greece, Bulgaria, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia All
these countries looked to extend their borders
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- Serbia Had a large Slavic population Wanted to absorb all Slavs
on the Balkan Peninsula Russia, mostly Slavic, supported Serbian
Nationalism Austria-Hungary did not Novak Djokovic
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- Austria-Hungary Was afraid a Slavic Nation in the Balkans would
stir rebellion amongst its Slavic population 1908, took over Bosnia
and Herzegovina (2 areas with large Slavic populations)
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- Tensions between A-H and Serbia Serbs were outraged by this
Serbs vowed to take Bosnia and Herzegovina Austria-Hungary vowed to
crush any Serbian effort to undermine their authority in the
Balkans
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- Remember Back19 Years Previous The entire able-bodied
population are preparing to massacre one another; though no one, it
is true, wants to attack, and everybody protests his love of peace
and determination to maintain it, yet the whole world feels that it
only requires some unforeseen incident, some unpreventable
accident, for the spark to fall in a flashand blow all Europe
sky-high Frederic Passy (1895)
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- A Shot Rings Throughout Europe The heir to the Austro-
Hungarian throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated on June
28, 1914 He and his wife, Sophie, were paying a visit to
Bosnia
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- A Shot Rings Throughout Europe He was assassinated by Gavrilo
Princip, a Serbian and member of the Black Hand The Black Hand was
a secret society Their goal was to rid Bosnia of Austrian rule
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- Borijove Jevtics Account You are an Editor for the Serbian
Chronicle. Write a newspaper account of the events that took place
on June 28. Use quotes from Borijove Jevtic.
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- Franz Ferdinand Band Formed in 2002 Song All for you, Sophia is
speaking of Sophie as well as mentions Gavrilo Princip, the Black
Hand, and Urban (Franz Ferdinand)
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- War Breaks Out Austria saw this murder as an excuse to punish
Serbia On July 28 Austria declared war on Serbia
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- Russia Joins War Russia was an ally of Serbia with its large
Slavic population Russia ordered the mobilization of troops to the
Austrian border
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- Triple Alliance Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Triple
Entente France, Russia, and Great Britain
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- Chain Reaction Russia also began mobilizing troops to the
German border Germany then declared war on Russia on August 1
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- Chain Reaction 2 days after, August 3 rd, Germany declared war
on France Great Britain then declared war on Germany
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- Chain Reaction
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- Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Bulgaria * Ottoman
Empire * *Joined in hopes of regaining lost territory
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- Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Japan joined shortly
there after Italy joined after accusing its former partners
(Austria and Germany) of unjustly starting a war
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- World War I Many thought the war would be very short Not many
knew how horrible this war would actually be
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- Quiz 1.What country carried out the Schlieffen Plan? 2.Name 3
Central Powers. 3.Give 2 reasons why the US entered World War I.
4.What did the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk do?
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- 2 Front War
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- Germany: Schlieffen Plan Plan was to defeat France in the West
quickly Then move East and defeat Russia Russia lagged behind
France in railroads and industry
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- Germany: Schlieffen Plan By Fall, Germany was finding great
success in defeating France on the Western Front Germany had swept
into France and were on the outskirts of Paris
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- First Battle of the Marne Great Victory for France Outside of
Paris France threw everything they had at Germany After 4 days of
fighting, Germany retreated
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- First Battle of Marne Schlieffen Plan was now left in ruins A
quick victory on the Western Front for Germany now did not look too
promising Stalemate on the Western Front
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- Trench Warfare Opposing armies dug up trenches/ditches that
they fought from Area between trenches was known as No mans land
Armies trade huge loses fighting in the trenches
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- Trenches Conditions were awful! Mud Rats Malnutrition Lack of
Sleep Artillery fire was aimed at the trenches
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- The men slept in mud, washed in mud, ate mud, and dreamed mud.
-Anonymous Soldier
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- Shells of all calibers kept raining on our sectorThe trenches
disappeared, filled with earthThe air was unbreathable. Our
blinded, wounded crawling, and shouting soldiers kept falling on
top of us and died splashing us with food. It was living Hell.
-French Soldier
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- A Global Conflict Japan and Australia joined the Allies The
Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers France and
Great Britain used its colonists in Africa to help fight the
war
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- World War I Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Italy
Japan United States (Joined 1917) Central Powers Germany
Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire
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- Machine Gun
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- Poison Gas
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- Submarine
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- Tank
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- Fighter Planes
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- Unrestricted Submarine Warfare German U-Boats sinking any ships
near Britain without warning Lusitania, 1915 A British passenger
ship Left 1,198 dead 128 US citizens dead
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- Zimmerman Telegram February of 1917 Asked for Mexico to ally
with Germany Germany would help Mexico take back its land it lost
in the Mexican War
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- U.S. Enters War Reasons: Unrestricted submarine warfare
Zimmerman Telegram Under Woodrow Wilson, US enters war in 1917 on
the side of the Allies
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- Total War A country devoting all its resources to the war
effort Rationing of goods Propaganda supporting the war Women in
the workplace (taking soldiers jobs)
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- World War I Coming to an End
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- Russia Withdraws, 1918 After the Russian Revolution (1917)
Russia led by Lenin Russia signs Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with
Germany
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- Germany focuses on West Russia out of the war now allowed
Germany to focus only on the Western Front Germany threw everything
they had at the Allies in France
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- 2 nd Battle of the Marne July, 1918 Allies counterattacked
Central Powers Huge success for Allies Central Powers began to
crumble
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- World War I Ends November 9, 1918 Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped
down On November 11, 1918 Germany and France signed an armistice
(an agreement to stop fighting)
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- Armistice Day (Veterans Day) "To us in America, the reflections
of Armistice Day will be filled with solemn pride in the heroism of
those who died in the country's service and with gratitude for the
victory, both because of the thing from which it has freed us and
because of the opportunity it has given America to show her
sympathy with peace and justice in the councils of the nations.
-Woodrow Wilson
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- Legacy of WWI 8.5 million soldiers died 21 million soldiers
were wounded War cost a total of 338 Billion Dollars
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- 14 Points Drawn up by Woodrow Wilson before war ended These
outlined a plan for achieving peace throughout Europe
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- Treaty of Versailles Compromise between Germany and the Allied
Powers signed on June 28, 1919 Created a League of Nations, an
international association, to keep peace among nations
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- Europe Carved Up Out of Austria-Hungary: Austria Hungary
Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia
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- Europe Carved Up Out of Ottoman Empire: Retained only Turkey
*Palestine *Iraq *Transjordan #Syria #Lebanon *Mandated nation by
Britain #Mandated nation by France
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- Europe Carve Up Out of Russia: Finland Estonia Latvia Lithuania
*Romania and Poland gained Russian territory
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