WORKSHOP ON ENERGY BALANCE AND PLANNING MODELS ENERGY STATISTICS GABRIEL HERNANDEZ Energy...

WORKSHOP ON ENERGY BALANCE AND PLANNING MODELS

ENERGY STATISTICS

GABRIEL HERNANDEZ

Energy Information Management and Training Coordinator

December 9-12, 2013

Kingston, JAMAICA

ENERGY STATISTICS

ENERGY SUPPLYINFORMATION ON SUPPLY CAN BE FOUND IN COMPANIES TRADING ENERGY

Producers

Importers / Exporters

Transporters

Distributors

Oil products, natural gas, coal, electricity

Firewood, charcoal

ENERGY DEMAND

THE ENGINE OF THE ENERGY SECTOR

1

Distributors

Statistical institution

Associations of final consumers

Consumers

ENERGY STATISTICS

ENERGY DEMAND

1

Amount of energy used

Location

Type of fuel

End-use technology

How they are used

ENERGY STATISTICS

ENERGY DEMAND ESTIMATION

2

ENERGY DEMAND

• UNDERSTANDING THE ENERGY DEMAND

Lifestyle

Factors determining the demand of energy services

Characteristics and technological developments

Institutional frameworks

Interrelationship between the above

3

ENERGY DEMAND

• PURPOSE OF MODULE

Characteristics of energy demand in economic sectors: uses, processes, equipment, frequency, performance, efficiency

Methodologies for quantifying energy consumption: Energy Balance and planning

Additional sources of information

Procedures and tools for estimating

4

ENERGY DEMAND

• FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

It is the last use given to energy sources to produce a good or to meet a need

Where is energy consumed?

Sectors: Transport Industrial Residential Public and Commercial Services Agriculture Fishing and Mining Construction and Other Energy Sector (No Energy)

ENERGY DEMAND

• FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

DRIVING FORCE

EngineMechanical

Energy

Energy Transmission

FEMovement

Processes:

CombustionThermalEnergy

Heat transferFE Increase

temperature

HEAT

6

ENERGY DEMAND

• FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Processes: LIGHTING

Light bulb.Radiation

LightingEF

OTHER

DevicesEE

Operation Electronic devices EF

Electrochemical Processes

7

ENERGY DEMAND

• FINAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Combustion

ThermalEnergy Boiler

FE

Increase temperature

Steam

Engine

Heat Transfer

MechanicalEnergy

Movement

EE

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

Activities of freight and transportation of passengers

H Transportation and storage491Transport via railways492Other land transport

4921Urban and suburban passenger land transport4922Other passenger land transport4923Freight transport by road

50Water transport501Sea and coastal water transport

5011Sea and coastal passenger water transport5012Sea and coastal freight water transport

502Inland water transport5021Inland passenger water transport5022Inland freight water transport

51Air transport511Passenger air transport512Freight air transport

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

Coverage: National and international transport service

Observed: Vehicle

CLASSIFICATION

• Mode: Road, Rail, Air, River, Sea

• Carried Subject: Passenger, freight

• Type of Service: Public, Private, Official

• Nature of Service: Urban, Interurban, National, international

• Vehicle Type: Cars, motorcycles, trucks, jeeps, buses and subways, trucks, trains, boats, planes.

Sources / footnotes

TRANSPORT SECTOR – SUGGESTED CLASSIFICATION

Final Energy Consumption

Road

Urban Private Passenger

Interurban Private PassengerUrban Public PassengerInterurban Public PassengerUrban loadInterurban load

AirFluvialSea

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

ENERGY DEMAND

C(f)= Consumption of the energy product f

Ce(f) = Specific consumption of f

ENERGY CONSUMPTION ESTIMATION FOR ROAD MODE

)(;)()( fQRfcQfC e

R = Traveled distance

Q = Vehicle fleet

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

ENERGY DEMAND

Qt=vehicle fleet of the year t

VEHICLE FLEET

tttt SAQQ 1

Qt-1=vehicle fleet from previous yearAt=additions to vehicle fleet to the year tSt=Vehicles leaving the vehicle fleet of the year t

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

ENERGY DEMAND

VEHICLE FLEET

nntttott pApApApAQ ....2211

St data doesn’t exist

At=additions to the vehicle fleet of the

yeartPn= Probability of not leaving the park a vehicle of n years

old

n

iiitt pAQ

Sources / footnotes

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

ENERGY DEMAND

VEHICLE FLEET

bxeaxF

1

1)(

Probability of leaving the vehicle fleet in terms of age

x=age of the vehicleProbability of remaining in the vehicle fleet one more year

)(1)( xFxp

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

Ce(f) = Specific consumption of the source f

CALCULATION OF THE SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION(Km/gal)

)(;)()( fQRfcQfC e

Engine size, distance, urban or suburban route, age, fuel, road conditions, height above sea level

Cile edc

Cile exbc )ln(

Sources / footnotes

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

CALCULATION OF THE SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION(Km/gal)

TYPE A BRAND PEUGEOT MODEL 206YEAR 2003 FUEL G Cylinder Capacity 1400

LOAD DATE LOADED GALLONS Read Km RouteConsumption Km/gal Days of use

09-ago 8.5 528617-ago 12.3 5679 393 31.95 823-ago 6.9 5904 225 32.61 628-ago 7.7 6148 244 31.69 504-sep 13.1 6515 367 28.02 7

TOTAL 40 1229 1229 30.73

SPECIFIC CONSUMPTION REPORT

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

Ru=Distance traveled in urban areas; Ri= Distance traveled in interurban areas

CALCULATION OF THE DISTANCE TRAVELED

iu RRR

R: Total distance traveled / Years of Service: Average annual travel survey

QRVKm

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

CALCULATION OF THE DISTANCE TRAVELED

i

iiiii lvR 11

Ri: Count of vehicles between stations multiplied by the distance between counting stations

Sources / footnotes

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

FINAL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATION

VEHICLE

U R B A N INTERUBAN

GAL/1000Km   GAL/1000Km  

CeDO CeGM Km/Año CeDO CeGM Km/Year

Car 34.4 35.7 6000.0 30.0 28.5 6000.0

Pick Up 49.3 49.5 8500.0 38.3 40.3 5200.0

Bus 128.0 145.0 48500.0 110.0 128.0 50000.0

Truck 75.7 72.0 41500.0 132.0 150.0 55000.0

Motorcycle   19.2 8500.0   19.2 8500.0

TRANSPORT SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

FINAL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATION

Railway:

CONSUMPTION = (DO & C) sold to transport companies

Yk: Yearly km.

Ocean:

CONSUMPTION = (DO, FO & C) sold to companies

Air:

CONSUMPTION = AV GAS & JP sold

River:

CONSUMPTION=Q * c * Yk

Sources / footnotes

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

Coverage: Transform raw materials.

Observed: Industrial facilities

Classification Criteria: ISIC

Sources / footnotes

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR – SUGGESTED CLASIFICATION

Final Energy Consumption

ISIC Sector 31 Food, beverages, tobacco 32 Textile, confection, footgear y leather 33 Timber y furnishing 34 Paper & printing 35 Chemical3692 Cement 36 Construction materials (ex. Cement) 37 Metals38/39 Machinery, equipment & others

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

FINAL CONSUMPTION ESTIMATION

Survey

• Survey selection• Information to compile• Economic data• Energy purchases• Equipment Characteristics • Fuel consumption by use (Balance)

Fuel use= consumption by use+Losses+Stock

29

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

It corresponds to the secondary sector of the economy, which transforms raw materials into finished products

The studies of energy in the Industrial Sector aims to determine the characteristics and conditions of the processes in which energy is used to establish and have the information necessary for the formulation of energy efficiency programs, substitution and control on environmental impact .

The determination of energy destination in the industry are performed by two procedures. The first one, tracks down each energy source by identifying the quantities consumed in each process. The second procedure examines each process and quantified the amount of energy used, as well as useful energy absorbed.

30

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

In either case we applied the energy balance concept, where the origin and destiny of energy, the entire industrial facility or each processes of the equipment used were considered as the primary unit of observation.

In some cases direct measurements may be required for certain periods of time on the amount of energy used in each process or each equipment.

Similarly, to establish useful power it will be necessary to measure the characteristics of the process or products obtained or generated from intermediate energy.

31

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

In some countries a significant part of total energy consumption in the industry can be identified from the reports of distributing electricity companies or fuel companies.

Most statistical agencies of countries make an annual industry survey through which values and quantities of energy purchased by industrial establishments are determined .

In cases where such information is available, there is a consumption breakdown per use or equipment required from a survey or field study.

32

ENERGY DEMANDINDUSTRIAL SECTOR

33

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

34

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

35

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Establishment: The combination of activities and resources that independently make a company or part of a company, to produce the most homogeneous group of manufactured goods at a location or geographical area and which separate records are kept on materials, labor and other physical resources used in the production process.

OBSERVATION UNIT:

36

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Universe: Secondary sector of the economy

Observation Unit: Industrial establishments

Population characteristics: Number of establishments, regional distribution, production, gross value added, employees, production

Direct Information Sources: Energy trading companies, economic census, manufacturing surveys, previous studies,

Indirect or additional information Sources: Census, surveys, reports of associations

Energy used: EE, FW, NG, derivatives, biomass, coal, coke, other

37

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Procedures to determine the final consumption: Surveys, measurements,mathematical models

Variables required for consumption calculation: Facilities, physical production, number of employees, purchases of energy

Characteristics that change the energy consumption: Subsector, technology,processes, production, operation and maintenance, fuel

Types and forms of energy use: For processes and equipment

Characteristics of energy based technologies:How the energy is used, performance.

38

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Understanding the energy demand in the industrial sector

Characteristics of the Universe: total facilities, production, value of production

Observation unit : Each facility, each unit of product produced

What is to be observed or measured: energy consumptionBy FacilityBy ProcessBy EquipmentBy unit producedBy unit of gross added value

39

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Processes and equipment in the Industrial Sector

Heat: Boilers, Water heaters, furnaces, stovesDriving Force : Engines, Electromechanical, refrigerators, air

conditioning, pumpsLighting : Light bulbs, reflectorsOther : Electrolysis, Office Equipment

40

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Final energy consumption

)()()( OUNOUCINDC

)

,,,Pr,,(,)()()( otherCoalGNodsBiomassEEjOUNOUCINDCj

j

Total final consumption

Total final consumption per source

energyjusesiOUNOUCINDCi j

ji ,;)()()( ,

Total final consumption per energy and use

41

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

),,Pr,,(,)()()( OtherCoaloductsBiomassEEjUONUOCINDCj

j

Total final consumption per energy product

Appropriate OU: Industrial Establishment

Observation and measurement of Cj(UO):

EE, NG: Sheet

Products: Purchases

FW, CH: Measurement

C, CK: Measurement

42

ENERGY DEMAND

INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

energyjusesiUONUOCINDCi j

ji ,;)()()( ,

Total final consumption per energy and use

Appropriate OU: Industrial Establishment

Observation and measurement of Ci,j(UO):

EE: Engines, lighting, electromechanical, electronic, heating, refrigeration, air conditioning

NG, products, biomass, C, CK: Boilers, cooking, water heating,Heating, direct heat

FORM

Sources / footnotes

RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

Coverage: Energy consumption in households

Observed: Household

Classification criteria: AreaIncome

Suggested classification: Urban areaRural area

RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

USES

Heat: Direct HeatMovement: Mechanical force, refrigerationLightingOthers: Electronic process

EQUIPMENT

Heat: Water heater, furnaces, stovesMovement: laundry, refrigerators, Air ConditionerLighting: bulbsOthers: Electronic equipment

Sources / footnotes

RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

Electricity consumption:

Ci = Wpi * Hi * CFi

CF = Wr / Wp (Correction factor) Wr= Cr / t (Real potential) uses

CEE = Wpi * Hi * CFi i=1

Correction Factors:

Air Conditioner 0.90Lighting 0.94Iron 0.28Refrigerator 0.31Stove 0.41Water Heater 0.75Oven 0.48Mech. equipments 0.51Radio electronics 0.55

Sources / footnotes

RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

Fuel Consumption: NG, LPG, KE, FW:

Cj = Hh * %j * Ce(v)

Specific Consumptions by HouseholdCooking:

LPG 165 gal/yearNG 564 m3/yearFW 2090 Kg/yearKE 117 gal/year

Water Heater:LPG 140 gal/year

Sources / footnotes

FARMING, FISHING AND MINING

Final Energy Consumption

Coverage: Production activities on farms, fishing, and mining projects.

Agro food primary production and natural products.

Fishing: Catch and fish processing

Mining: Extraction, processing, smelting and primary adjustment.

Observation Unit

Agriculture: Farm

Fishing: catching and processing units

Mining: Mine

Sources / footnotes

FARMING, FISHING AND MINING

Final Energy Consumption

FINAL CALCULUS CONSUMPTION

National survey of farming production and

Mining production registry

Subsectorial serial

FARMING, FISHING AND MINING

Final Energy Consumption

FARMING CONSUMPTIONS

Consumptions: C(s,u,f) = EM * %U(s,u,t) * EC(f,t)

EM: Economical Measurement (cultivated area, production, heads). U(s,u,t): Percentage of Es where is shown the use (U) with technology (t). EC(f,t): Specific consumption of f per unit of Es for the use (U) with technology

(t).

Required Information:

• Measurement of economic activity• Technologies use for the production and processing• Specific consumption of energy in each technology.

FARMING, FISHING AND MINING

Final Energy Consumption

FARMING CONSUMPTIONS

Technologies: Tractors and combined Irrigation Aerial fumigation Dried Grain Distillation

C(rice, tractor,DO) =cultivated area*%mechanized*Hr/Ha*gal/hr

88126.5 GAL = 5450 * 0.77 * 10.5 * 2

C(cotton,irrigation, EE)=cultivated area*%irrigated area* %irrigated area EE*kWh/Ha

618329 Kwh = 2550 * 0.0573 * 0.9 * 4702

Sources / footnotes

FARMING, FISHING AND MINING

Final Energy Consumption

FISHING CONSUMPTION

Inquiry with the companies directly.

• Registry of energy distributing companies• Surveys of uses and consumptions (industrial)• Energy purchases (t)• Energy uses by process• Mining production (volume and value)(STRATA)• Technical features of production

C(m,p,f) = Production(m) *%m processed with (p) *Cef / Unit m

MINING CONSUMPTION

COMMERCE, SERVICES AND PUBLIC SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

Coverage: Commercial establishments, and public service delivery.Observation Unit: Establishments

Classification Criteria: ISIC

Proposed Classification: Commercial establishments 61 & 62Restaurants 6310Hotels 6320Public and services 8 & 9

Sources / footnotes

COMMERCE, SERVICES AND PUBLIC SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

USES

Heat: steam, direct heatDriving force: Mechanical strengthLightingOthers: Electronics

EQUIPMENT

Heat: Stoves, ovens, boilers,Driving force: Refrigeration, electromechanical pumps.Lighting: Bulbs, spotlightsOther: Radio equipment

COMMERCE, SERVICES AND PUBLIC SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Record of energy distributing companies EE, NG, LPG.

Economic censuses of establishments (number, added value)

Surveys of use and energy consumption

Electrical Artifacts: C= Wp * H * Fu

Installed average power by establishment, sector and strata.

Sources / footnotes

COMMERCE, SERVICES AND PUBLIC SECTOR

Final Energy Consumption

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Survey of use and consumption of energy (cont.)Other Energy:Purchase for establishment

Average consumption per establishment, sector and stratum.

Sources / footnotes

CONSTRUCTION SECTORS AND OTHERS

Final Energy Consumption

Coverage: Buildings and civil worksObservation Unit: Project, works

Classification Criteria: Type of work

Proposed classification:

• Building Construction• Civil works• roads

Sources / footnotes

CONSTRUCTION SECTORS AND OTHERS

Final Energy Consumption

USES

Driving force: Mechanical strengthLighting

EQUIPMENTS

Driving force: Construction machineryLighting: light bulbs and reflectors

CONSTRUCTION SECTORS AND OTHERS

Final Energy Consumption

ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Registry of fuel distributor Companies

Construction records

Fuel Consumption Survey

OTHERS SUBSECTORS

Non identified and others

NON ENERGY FINAL CONSUMPTION

Final Energy Consumption

Consumption of energy sources for non energy purposes.

Charcoal for carbon dioxide Natural gas for fertilizer Gasoline or kerosene for cleaning Bagasse for paper or particle board

NON ENERGY FINAL CONSUMPTION

Final Energy Consumption

Consumption of energy sources for non energy purposes.

Charcoal for carbon dioxide Natural gas for fertilizer Gasoline or kerosene for cleaning Bagasse for paper or particle board

ENERGY DEMAND

• BASIC CONSIDERATIONS

Identification of the subsectoral universe

Information Unit

Population characteristics

Direct information sources

Indirect or complementary information sources

Energy products used

9

ENERGY DEMAND

• BASIC CONSIDERATIONS

Procedures for determining final consumption

Variables required for the calculation of consumption

Characteristics that change energy consumption

Types and forms of energy consumption

Characteristics of technologies .

ENERGY DEMAND

• RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

Universe: Buildings where people live; population

Information Unit : Dwelling; Home; Person

Population characteristics: demographics, regional distribution; Income

Direct information sources: traders of energy; population censuses, household surveys, previous studies,

Indirect or complementary information sources: censuses, surveys

Energy used: EE, LE,LPG, NG, CV, KR, BG

11

ENERGY DEMAND

• RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

Procedures for determining final consumption: surveys, measurements, Mathematical models

Variables required for the calculation of consumption: population, households, specific consumption

Characteristics that change energy consumption: persons per dwellingper household, location, level of income, eating habits, height above sea level

Types and forms of energy: by processes and equipment

Characteristics of technologies that consume energy: how energy is harnessed, performance.