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Workshop OIKODOMOSBratislava, October 14th – 20th, 2009
Urban Effectiveness
Lubica Vitkova, Faculty of Architecture, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
Main Goals
Dimensions of Urban Sustainability
Ecological-Environmental dimension
Economic Dimension
Socio-Cultural Dimension
City of short distances
City of minimized land use
City of bioclimatic comfort
City in balance with nature
City as selfsufficient organism
City as powerstation of renewable energies
City with closed water cycle
City with low emission transport
City with new balance of centralized and decentral infrastructure
City for strong local economy
City of qualified density
City of a cultural identity and social diversity
City built and managed by the inhabitants
City as network of urban quarters
City as the place of beauty and complexity
City with public space for everyday life
Urban structure Main Objectives
Urban structure
General
•Integration of urban quarters into the city and the surrounding region •Organise the city as network of urban quarters•Organise urban quarters as self-sufficient as possible• Attractive urban design with human scale
Density • Concentration of urban development at suitable sites for public transport (prevention of urban sprawl)• Balance of concentration and decentralisation• Minimize land consumption (compact city) • Qualified density in ecological, economic and social context
Mixed use • Balance of uses in quarters, city and region and location of all necessary facilities at suitable sites• Best accessibility to all facilities for all inhabitants
Landscape, Open space, Public space
• Balance of built-up area and nature• Integration of green and surfaces of water within the city• Provide sufficient and attractive public space for everyday life
Main Objectives
Environment Economy Social aspects
•Total settlement area• Sealed area (percentage)•Green area (percentage and distribution)•Transport area •Population density (inhabit. per ha)•Floor area ratio •Open space patterns for cold air corridors •Areas of habitats for various animals and plants (% of the city extent)•Soil movement from building activities•Construction waste from demolition
•Ratio between monofunction areas and areas of mixed use•Size and placement of the mixed use areas •Brownfields, disturbed areas and extensively used areas (% of city extent – negative criteria)•Decentralisation/concentration: size (population) of average city district (or: population per local sub-centre)•Investment costs •Running costs•Demolition costs
• Number of inhabitants per dwelling•Location of basic public services from dwelling•Optimal size of residential neighbourhoods •Accessibility of facilities for disabled and disadvantaged (incl. children)•Capacity of recreation facilities per inhabitant•Variety of comfortable places to sit and wait•Heights of buildings (centre/residential areas)•Ratio between public and private spaces•Number of working places•Flexibility of housing stock (to be adaptable for future generations)
Sector-specific detailed criteria system
Ecological aproach to the development of the whole city
Ecological aproach to the development of the whole city
Ukazovateľ - počet bytov (obyvateľov) na ha, ako ukazovateľ sledujúci celkovú hustotu zástavby jednotlivých mestských zón.
V rámci európskych krajín boli definované nasledovné kategórie hustoty mestských štruktúr vo väzbe na charakteristické mestské zóny (na územie brutto) [[1]] nasledovne:
· Veľmi nízka hustota zástavby : menej ako 50 bytov/ha
Rozvojové územia nízkej hustoty s charakterom zástavby suburbií, lokalizované prevážne v periférnych polohách miest a s prevládajúcou funkciou bývania – viac ako 95 %
· Nízka hustota zástavby: 50 – 100 bytov/ha
Mestské zóny nízkej hustoty. Pre uvedené zóny je charakteristická polyfunkčnosť – zmiešané funkčné využitie s aktivitami charakteristickými pre mestský spôsob života.
· Stredná hustota zástavby: 100 - 200 bytov/ha
Mestské zóny strednej hustoty. Charakteristické pre stabilizované územia s voľnejšou blokovou zástavbou a dostatkom otvorených priestorov. Uvedená hustota je charakteristická i pre časť novej výstavby lokalizovanej do historických jadier.
· Vysoká hustota zástavby: 200 – 300 bytov/ha
Mestské zóny vysokej hustoty. Ide o hustotu vhodnú (požadovanú) pre centrálne polohy miest, rovnako ako pre nové jadrá rozvíjajúce sa vo väzbe na dopravnú infraštruktúru.
[1] Mozas J.r, Per A., F.: Density, Vitoria-Gasteiz 2006, ISBN 74-611-1203-2
MIXEDUSED urban fabric
Housing structures
400-800inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato3-5
400inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato2
400inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato3-5
300-350inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato1,5
400-600inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato3-3,5
200-250inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato1,5
100inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato1
400inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato1,5
150-200inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato0,8
100-150inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato0,8
50inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato0,8
50 - 75inhabitans /ha
Floo area rato0,8
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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