View
219
Download
2
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
William the Conqueror• Became King after
winning Battle of Hastings-1066
• Consolidated his power & position-How?– Created Doomsday Book
– Survey of wealth in Eng.
• Why is this important?Tool for levying taxes
Distributing land
Determining # of knights required by each vassal
*Created a single national unity.
Creating “England”• What do I mean by the
title?• William’s son-Henry I
– Strengthened royal power– Created a central treasury– Est. uniform judicial system
• Used traveling judges
– Enforced KING’S Law– Became common law
• Why is this important for building a royal govt.?
• People identified with King’s law-not feudal lord’s
• Sense of national unity
Controlling the Church In England
• Church still outside of King’s authority
• Henry II - clergy must be tried by his court
• What do you think is the Church’s position on this?
• Archbishop Becket-refused to submit to King– Henry-had him assassinated– Becket proclaimed a saint
• How does this portray Henry II?– Had to publicly confess his
faith– Gave up efforts to control
clergy
Noble Struggle
• Nobility rebelled-cause was high taxes for Crusades
• Forced King John to sign the Magna Carta – Nobility right to
representation before taxation
– King left in power
• What kind of govt. does this create?
• By 1200’s nobles began to advise King– Expanded to include some
townspeople– Created the Parliament– House of Lords and
Commons
The French• After Carolingians-strongest
feudal lords took over largest estate’s
• Elected Hugh Capet as King-Why need a King?
• New dynasty: Capetians– No real power at first-
depended upon lords– 1st objective-control their
lands• Ile de France-Paris-make it the
center of French politics
– King Philip the Fair-Increase power of central government-use the courts
– Where did he get his idea?
Underminingthe Church
• Philip succeeded in controlling the Church
• Used the social divisions in France to divide & conquer
• He created the Estates General-representative of the 3 classes-– Clergy– Nobility– Commoners
• Why is it important that the King created it?
• King used it to control the clergy & bypass the nobility
Testing French Power• Capetian kings worried about growing power of English Kings
• Remember: English Kings are a French vassal
• King Philip II Augustus-used his strong bureaucracy & royal $ to resist English threat
• English & German allied against French-
• French won handedly-asserted French role in European politics
The New HolyRoman Empire
• Otto I able to forcibly take over and consolidate German feudal lords
• Came to protection of Pope John XII– What do you suppose the
Pope did in return?
• Crowned emperor-– Controlled Germany & N.
Italy
• Otto and his successors embraced the Church-gave land to bishops
• Appted bishops and abbots
Cluny Reform• Church trying to regain
their control– Formed new monastery at
Cluny– Strict adherence to
Benedictine Rule– Determined to maintain a
spiritual Church– Exalt idea of clerical
celibacy– Rejected subordination of
clergy to secular official
• Was popular amongst common people & nobles
• What idea does the Cluny reform movement express?
Papal Movefor Autonomy
• By 1050, Pope ruled by grace of King’s sword
• What do I mean?• King Henry III-
appointed popes he liked: Clement II
• Was anti-pope-church officials didn’t recognize
• After his death-papacy exerted its power-– Created College of
Cardinals:
– Archbishops who elect the Pope
Investiture Controversy
• Pope Gregory VII-decreed only C of C can choose Popes
• Henry IV-serious threat to his stability-– Made his bishops swear
loyalty to him– Gregory excommunicated
Henry Why is this a big deal?
– Henry begged Pope for forgiveness. Why is this a smart move?
– Henry back to placing bishops-excommunicated again- Does it have any meaning this time?
Recommended