View
215
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
Welcome to Social Psychology:Lecture #1 topics
Who is So-Jin Kang? Your expectations for this course Course syllabus Research in social psychology
What is social psychology? Correlational designs vs. experimental designs Examples of experiments with 1 vs. 2 independent
variables
Introduction:Who is So-Jin Kang?
Your expectations:What do you want from this course?
What do you hope to gain from this course? What 3 qualities make a good instructor? Tell me 3 interesting things about yourself.
REMEMBER: Keep this anonymous!
What is social psychology?
the _________ study of how _________ think, feel, and behave in regards to _________ .
how individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are affected by others
Why study social psychology?
BEAUTY AND BRAINS DON’T MIX:
Attractive people are seen as less smart
than unattractive people.
For example…
Why study social psychology?
vs
Why study social psychology?
PEOPLE WILL LIKE AN ACTIVITY MORE
IF YOU REWARD THEM:
They come to associate positive reinforcement
with the activity.
Why study social psychology?
PLAYING VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES
RELEASES AGGRESSION:
People will be less likely to vent their
anger in other violent ways.
Why study social psychology?
hindsight bias:
_________ our ability to have predicted an
outcome _________ the outcome is known.
Correlational designs
measure the _________ between variables _________ manipulated by the researcher
correlations tell us: how _________ 2 measures are how well 1 variable can _________ another
Correlational designs
- _________ ≥ r ≥ + _________
r = _________ of relationship
+ / - = _________ of relationship
Correlational designs
If r = +1.00:
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4
Self-Esteem
Po
pu
lari
ty
Correlational designs
If r = -1.00:
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4
Stress
Hap
pin
ess
Correlational designs
If r = 0.00:
0
1
2
3
4
0 1 2 3 4
Flossing Frequency
Rai
nfa
ll
Correlational designs
Main advantage:
lets you examine relations between variables that are _________ / _________ to _________
Main disadvantage:
_________ ≠ _________
Correlational designs
If x and y are correlated, it could be because:
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ AND _________
Correlational designs
An example:
If self-esteem and popularity are positively
correlated, it could be because:
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ AND _________
Experimental designs
establish _________ relationships between variables
_________ 1 or 2 variables to see the effect on another variable
TWO KEY CHARACTERISTICS: _________ _________
Experimental designs
EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL IS ACHIEVED BY: _________ procedure, setting, behaviour _________ of 1 or 2 variables at a time
independent variable (IV):
variable that is _________
dependent variable (DV):
variable that is _________
Experimental designs
RANDOM ASSIGNMENT:
all participants have _________ chance of receiving a given manipulation
idiosyncratic factors _________ in all conditions ensures no systematic differences between
conditions, EXCEPT for _________ itself
Experiment with 1 independent variable
independent
variable
dependent
variable
conceptual
variables
operational
variables
type of TV show
# punches to
Bobo doll
HYPOTHESIS: TV violence causes aggression.
Experiment with 1 independent variable
0123456789
10
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
RESULTS:
Experiment with 2 independent variables
independent
variable #1
independent
variable #2
dependent
variable
conceptual
variables
operational
variables
type of TV show
temperature of lab room
# punches to
Bobo doll
HYPOTHESIS: TV violence causes aggression,
but ONLY in hot temperatures.
Experiment with 2 independent variables
RESEARCH DESIGN:
Cool room
(20C)
Hot room
(35C)
Sopranos Sesame Street
Sopranos Sesame Street
# of punches to Bobo
doll
? ? ? ?
Experiment with 2 independent variables
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
Cool room
Hot room
RESULTS: main effect for _________
main effect for _________
interaction between _________ & _________
Experiment with 2 independent variables
main effect:
_________ all other independent variables,
_________ effect of 1 independent variable on the
dependent variable
interaction:
when the effect of 1 independent variable on the
dependent variable _________ on the _________
of the 2nd independent variable.
Experiment with 2 independent variables
3 33
13
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
Cool room
Hot room
MAIN EFFECT FOR TV SHOW:
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n average # of punches thrown by Sesame Street viewers = _________ average # of punches thrown by Sopranos viewers = _________
REGARDLESS of temperature, Sopranos viewers threw _________ punches than Sesame Street viewers.
Experiment with 2 independent variables
3 33
13
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
Cool room
Hot room
MAIN EFFECT FOR TEMPERATURE:
0123456789
10111213
Cool room Hot room
Room temperature
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n average # of punches thrown by people in cool room = _________ average # of punches thrown by people in hot room = _________
REGARDLESS of TV show, people in the hotter room threw _________ punches thanpeople in the cooler room.
Experiment with 2 independent variables
3 33
13
0123456789
10111213
Sesame Street Sopranos
TV show
# o
f p
un
ches
th
row
n
Cool room
Hot room
INTERACTION: no effect of temperature among Sesame Street viewers
large effect of temperature on Sopranos viewers: _________
viewers were _________
violent than _________
viewers
Experimental designs
Main advantage:
lets you establish _________ relations between variables
Main disadvantage:
findings may not be _________ to different populations, settings (_________ validity)
Recommended