View
260
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
1/12
Ablaut Patterns in German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Click on an ablaut class for details
Note: Because the ablaut classes are based on the vowel sounds in Proto-
Indo-European, Old English, and Old High German, the spelling of the vowelsmay differ in modern English and German.
AblautClass
German Examples English Examples
1a. ei - i - i beissen, biss, gebissenleiden, litt, gelitten
drive, drove, drivenslide, slid, slid
1b. ei - ie - ie bleiben, blieb, gebliebenschreiben, schrieb, geschrieben
2. ie - o - o fliegen, flog, geflogenziehen, zog, gezogen
freeze, froze, frozenshoot, shot, shot
3a. i - a - u/o finden, fand, gefundenbeginnen, begann, begonnen
begin, began, begunsing, sang, sung
3b. e - a - o helfen, half, geholfenbefehlen, befahl, befohlen
win, won, wonfind, found, found
4. e - a - o See Class 3bSame as 3b in modern German
break, broke, brokenspeak, spoke (spake),spoken
5. e/i - a - e essen, a, gegessenbitten, bat, gebeten
eat, ate, eatengive, gave, given
6. a - u - a graben, grub, gegraben shake, shook, shaken
7. [x] - ie - [x] * blasen, blies, geblasen fall, fell, fallen
*Class 7 verbs are uniform in having an ie past tense form, but the othervowels in the infinitive or past participle forms can vary: a/au/ei/o/u. See thechart for details.Exceptions Ausnahmen Odd verb patterns
Mixed Verbs - German verbs that combine weak and strong forms
http://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut02.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut02.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut05.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut05.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablautOth.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_Mixed.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_Mixed.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_Mixed.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablautOth.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut07.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut05.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut03.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut02.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01b.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut01.htm8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
2/12
Ablaut Class 1a - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Principal Parts - ei - i i
Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 1a. This class isfurther divided into a subgroup of verbs that follow the ei-ie-ie (vowel
lengthening) pattern (bleiben, schreiben, verzeihen, etc.). See Class 1b forthose verbs.
Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.
German Verb English Meaning
beien, biss, gebissen bite, bit, bitten
bleichen, blich, geblichen bleach, bleached, bleached
gleichen, glich, geglichen resemble, resembled, resembledgleiten, glitt, geglitten
Note: The verb begleiten (to accompany ) has
weak verb conjugation.
glide, glided, glided
greifen, griff, gegriffen grasp, grasped, grasped
kneifen, kniff, gekniffen pinch, pinched, pinched
leiden, litt, gelitten
Note: The verb verleiden (to spoil ) is conjugated
as a weak verb.
suffer, suffered, suffered
pfeifen, pfiff, gepfiffen whistle, whistled, whistled
reien, riss, gerissen tear, tore, torn
reiten, ritt, geritten ride, rode, ridden
scheien, schiss, geschissen shit, shitted (shat), shitted
schleichen, schlich, geschlichen sneak, sneaked, sneaked
schleifen, schliff, geschliffen
Note: When conjugated as a weak
verb, schleifen means to drag .
polish, polished, polished
schmeien, schmiss, geschmissen toss, tossed, tossed
schneiden, schnitt, geschnitten cut, cut, cut
schreiten, schritt, geschritten step, stepped, stepped
8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
3/12
spleien, spliss, gesplissen splice, spliced, spliced
streichen, strich, gestrichen spread, spread, spread
streiten, stritt, gestritten argue, argued, argued
weichen, wich, gewichen
Note: The weak verb weichen means to soften.
retreat, retreated, retreated
Ablaut Class 1b - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Principal Parts - ei - ie ie
Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 1. This class is
further divided into a larger subgroup of verbs that follow the ei-i-i pattern.See Class 1a for those verbs.
Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.
German Verb English Meaning
bleiben, blieb, geblieben stay, stayed, stayed
gedeihen, gedieh, gediehen flourish, flourished, flourished
leihen, lieh, geliehen loan, loaned, loaned
meiden, mied, gemieden avoid, avoided, avoided
preisen, pries, gepriesen praise, praised, praised
reiben, rieb, gerieben rub, rubbed, rubbed
scheiden, schied, geschieden part, parted, parted
scheinen, schien, geschienen shine, shone, shone
schreiben, schrieb, geschrieben write, wrote, written
schreien, schrie, geschrie(e)n scream, screamed, screamed
schweigen, schwieg, geschwiegen be silent, was silent, has been silent
speien, spie, gespie(e)n spew, spewed, spewed
steigen, stieg, gestiegen climb, climbed, climbedtreiben, trieb, getrieben drive, drove, driven
verzeihen, verzieh, verziehen forgive, forgave, forgiven
weisen, wies, gewiesen reject, rejected, rejected
8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
4/12
Ablaut Class 2 - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Principal Parts - ie - o o
Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 2.
Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.
German Verb English Meaning
biegen, bog, gebogen bend, bent, bent
bieten, bot, geboten offer, offered, offered
erkiesen, erkor, erkoren choose, chose, chosen
fliegen, flog, geflogen fly, flew, flown
fliehen, floh, geflohen flee, fled, fled
flieen, floss, geflossen flow, flowed, flowed
frieren, fror, gefroren freeze, froze, frozen
genieen, genoss, genossen enjoy, enjoyed, enjoyed
gieen, goss, gegossen pour, poured, poured
kriechen, kroch, gekrochen crawl, crawled, crawled
riechen, roch, gerochen smell, smelled, smelled
schieben, schob, geschoben shove, shoved, shoved
schieen, schoss, geschossen shoot, shot, shot
schlieen, schloss, geschlossen close, closed, closedsprieen, spross, gesprossen sprout, sprouted, sprouted
stieben, stob, gestoben spray, sprayed, sprayed
verdieen, verdross, verdrossen Vex, vexed, vexed
verlieren, verlor, verloren lose, lost, lost
wiegen, wog, gewogen
Note: The weak verb wiegen means to rock , sway .
weigh, weighed, weighed
ziehen, zog, gezogen pull, pulled, pulled
8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
5/12
Ablaut Class 3a - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Principal Parts - i - a u
Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 3a. Also see theClass 3b verbs (e - a - o).
Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.
German Verb English Meaning
binden, band, gebunden tie, tied, tied
dringen, drang, gedrungen press, pressed, pressed
finden, fand, gefunden find, found, foundgelingen, gelang, gelungen succeed, succeeded, succeeded
klingen, klang, geklungen sound, sounded, sounded
misslingen, misslang, misslungen fail, failed, failed
ringen, rang, gerungen ring, rang, rung
schlingen, schlang, geschlungen wrap, wrapped, wrapped
schwinden, schwand, geschwunden dwindle, dwindled, dwindled
schwingen, schwang, geschwungen vibrate, vibrated, vibrated
singen, sang, gesungen sing, sang, sung
sinken, sank, gesunken sink sank, sunk
springen, sprang, gesprungen spring, sprang, sprung
stinken, stank, gestunken stink, stank, stunk
trinken, trank, getrunken drink, drank, drunk
verschwinden, verschwand,verschwunden
disappear, disappeared, disappeared
winden, wand, gewunden wind, winded, winded
wringen, wrang, gewrungen wring, wrung, wrung
zwingen, zwang, gezwungen force, forced, forcedClass 3: i - a - o
German Verb English Meaning
beginnen, begann, begonnen begin, began, begun
gewinnen, gewann, gewonnen win, won, won
rinnen, rann, geronnen trickle, trickled, trickled
8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
6/12
schwimmen, schwamm, geschwommen swim, swam, swum
sinnen, sann, gesonnen meditate, meditated, meditated
spinnen, spann, gesponnen spin, span, spun
Ablaut Class 3b - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Principal Parts - e - a o
Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 3b. Also see theClass 3a verbs (i - a - u/o).
Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.
German Verb English Meaning befehlen, befahl, befohlen
Note: fehlen (to be missing or lacking ) is
conjugated as a weak verb.
command, commanded, commanded
bergen, barg, geborgen rescue, rescued, rescued
bersten, barst, geborsten burst, bursted, bursted
brechen, brach, gebrochen break, broke, broken
empfehlen, empfahl, empfohlen recommend, recommended,
recommendederscheken, erschak, erschoken be startled, was startled, been startled
gebren, gebar, geboren give birth, gave birth, given birth
gelten, galt, gegolten apply, applied, applied (to)
helfen, half, geholfen help, helped, helped
nehmen, nahm, genommen take, took, taken
schelten, schalt, gescholten scold, scolded, scolded
schrecken, schrack, geschrocken frighten, frightened, frightened
sprechen, sprach, gesprochen speak, spoke, spokenstechen, stach, gestochen prick, pricked, pricked
stehlen, stahl, gestohlen steal, stole, stolen
sterben, starb, gestorben die, died, died
treffen, traf, getroffen meet, met, met
verderben, verdarb, verdorben spoil, spoiled, spoiled
8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
7/12
werben, warb, geworben advertise, advertised, advertised
werden, wurde (ward), geworden become, became, become
werfen, warf, geworfen throw, threw, thrown
Class 3b: e - o o
German Verb English Meaning
bewegen, bewog, bewogen
Note: When bewegen means to move , it is
conjugated as a weak verb.
induce, induce, induced
dreschen, drosch, gedroschen thresh, threshed, threshed
fechten, focht, gefochten fence, fenced, fenced
flechten, flocht, geflochten braid, braided, braided
heben, hob, gehoben lift, lifted, lifted
quellen, quoll, gequollen stream, streamed, streamed
scheren, schor, geschoren
Note: When conjugated as a weak
verb, scheren means to concern .
shear, sheared, sheared
schmelzen, schmolz, geschmolzen thaw, thawed, thawed
schwellen, schwoll, geschwollen swell, swelled, swollen
wgen, wog, gewogen weigh, weighed, weighed
Ablaut Class 5 - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Principal Parts - e - a e
Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 5.
Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.German Verb English Meaning
essen, a, gegessen eat, ate, eaten
fressen, fra, gefressen eat, ate, eaten (of animals)
geben, gab, gegeben give, gave, given
genesen, genas, genesen recuperate, recuperated, recuperated
8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
8/12
geschehen, geschah, geschehen happen, happened, happened
lesen, las, gelesen read, read, read
messen, ma, gemessen measure, measured, measured
sehen, sah, gesehen see, saw, seen
treten, trat, getreten step, stepped, stepped
vergessen, verga, vergessen forget, forgot, forgot
Class 5: i/ie - a - e
German Verb English Meaning
bitten, bat, gebeten request, requested, requested
liegen, lag, gelegen recline, reclined, reclined
sitzen, sa, gesessen sit, sat, sat
Ablaut Class 6 - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Principal Parts - a - u a
Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 6.
Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.
Also see irregular Class 6 verbs below.German Verb English Meaning
fahren, fuhr, gefahren drive, drove, driven
graben, grub, gegraben dig, dug, dug
laden, lud, geladen load, loaded, loaded
schaffen, schuf, geschaffen
Note: When conjugated as a weak
verb, schaffen means to manage, work .
create, created, created
schlagen, schlug, geschlagen beat, beat, beaten
tragen, trug, getragen
Note: The
verbs beauftragen and beantragen have weak
verb conjugations.
carry, carried, carried
8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
9/12
wachsen, wuchs, gewachsen grow, grew, grown
waschen, wusch, gewaschen wash, wash, wash
Class 6: a - [a] - a The following verbs follow the Class 6 pattern
only in part; the past tense form is weak.German Verb English Meaning
backen, backte (buk)*, gebacken bake, baked, baked
fragen, fragte (frug)**, gefragt ask, asked, asked
*Although backen has a weak past in modern German, its past participle isstrong. The strong past tense form buk is rarely used today.**The verb fragen is weak in modern German. The strong past tenseform frug is rarely used today.
mahlen, [mahlte], gemahlen grind, gound, ground
salzen, [salzte], gesalzen salt, salted, salted
Ablaut Class 7 - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Principal Parts (a-ie-a)
Verbs in Class 7 are uniform in having an "[x]-ie-[x]" pattern in which the firstand last forms have the same vowel/diphthong, while the center (past tense)
form is always ie. Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs in Class 7.
Note: These verbs have other English meanings besides the one shown.
German Verb English Meaning
Class 7: a - ie - a
blasen, blies, geblasen blow, blew, blown
braten, briet, gebraten roast, roasted, roasted
fallen, fiel, gefallen fall, fell, fallen
halten, hielt, gehalten
Note: The verb beinhalten (to comprise ) has
weak verb conjugation.
hold, held, held
lassen, lie, gelassen let, let, let
raten, riet, geraten advise, advised, advised
schlafen, schlief, geschlafen sleep, slept, slept
8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
10/12
Class 7: au - ie - au
hauen, hing, gehauen
Note: hauen may also be conjugated as a weak verb.
There is no difference in meaning.
hit, hit, hit
laufen, lief, gelaufen run, ran, run
Class 7: ei - ie - ei
heien, hiess, geheien be named, was named, has beennamed
Class 7: o - ie - o
stoen, stie, gestoen bump, bumped, bumped
Class 7: u - ie - u
rufen, rief, gerufen call, called, called
Class 7: a/ - i - a/ Anomaly with i rather than ie
fangen, fing, gefangen catch, caught, caught
hngen, hing, gehangen hang, hanged, hanged
Ablaut Class Exceptions - German German Strong-Verb Conjugation Patterns
Principal Parts Other
There are seven ablaut classes or vowel-shift patterns found in the conjugationof German verbs. Below is a list of German strong (irregular) verbs that do not
follow a standard vowel pattern.Note: These verbs may have other English meanings besides the one shown.
German Verb English Meaning
betrgen, betrog, betrogen deceive, deceived, deceived
erklimmen, erklomm, erklommen scale, scaled, scaled
erlschen, erlosch, erloschen
Note: When erlschen is transitive ( to
extinguish ) it is conjugated as a weak verb.
extinguish, extinguished, extinguished
gehen, ging, ist gegangen go, went, gone
glimmen, glomm, geglommen smoulder, smouldered, smouldered
http://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb04.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb04.htm8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
11/12
kommen, kam, ist gekommen come, came, come
lgen, log, gelogen lie, lied, lied ( falsehood )
saufen, soff, gesoffen drink, drank, drunk ( alcohol )
saugen, sog, gesogen
Note: The weak conjugation of saugen is equally
frequent.
suck, sucked, sucked
schwren, schwor, geschworen swear, swore, sworn
stehen, stand, gestanden stand, stood, stood
tun, tat, getan do, did, done
trgen, trog, getrogen deceive, deceived, deceived
Mixed Verbs in German The so-called "mixed" verbs combine elements of strong (irregular) and weak
(regular) German verbs. Since most mixed verbs are very common in German,it is important to learn them. The following alphabetical list indicates the
German mixed verbs. Note: These verbs may have other English meaningsbesides the one shown.
German Verb English Meaning
brennen, brannte, gebrannt burn, burned, burned
bringen, brachte, gebracht bring, brought, broughtdenken, dachte, gedacht think, thought, thought
kennen, kannte, gekannt know, knew, known
haben, hatte, gehabt have, had, had
mahlen, mahlte, gemahlen* (Class 6 ) grind, ground, ground
melke, melkte, gemolken milk, milked, milked
nennen, nannte, genannt name, named, named
rennen, rannte, gerannt run, ran, run
salzen, salzte, gesalzen* ( Class 6) salt, salted, salted
schinden, schindete, geschunden flay, flayed, flayed
senden, sandte, gesandt
Note: When conjugated as a weak
verb, senden means to broadcast .
send, sent, sent
sieden, siedete, gesotten boil, boiled, boiled
http://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_kommen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_denken.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/blkennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_nennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_rennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_rennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_nennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/blkennen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_denken.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_kommen.htm8/12/2019 Verbos irregulares en alemn.pdf
12/12
spalten, spaltete, gespalten* (Class 6) split, split, split
wenden, wandte, gewandt
Note: wenden may be conjugated as a weak
verb, especially to mean to turn over, turnaround .
turn, turned, turned
wissen, wusste, gewusst know, knew, known
*Verbs with a strong past participle that belong to ablaut class 6 (strongverbs).
http://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/blwissen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/blwissen.htmhttp://german.about.com/library/verbs/blverb_ablaut06.htmRecommended