Upcoming Issues for COP 13 and COP/MOP 3 under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol ______________

Upcoming Issues for COP 13 and COP/MOP 3

under the UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol______________

ECBI Workshop for LDC Negotiators Bali, Indonesia

29-30 November 2007

M.J. MaceFIELDLondon

Subsidiary Body on Scientific and Technical Advice (SBSTA)

- Subsidiary Body on

Implementation (SBI)

3

Overview of COP 13 session

UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol Bodies

EG TTE xp er t G rou p on T echno logy T rans fer

Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice(SBSTA)

C h a ir, V ice C h a ir, R a p po rte urre co m m en d atio n s fo r d ra ft d e c is io ns , con c lus io ns

CGEC onsu lta tive G rou p on N on -A nnex I

N ationa l C o m m u n ica t io ns

LEGLea st D eve lope d C oun tr ies

E xper t G roup

Subsidiary Body for Im plem entation(SBI)

C h a ir, V ice -C ha ir, R a pp o rte urre co m m en d atio n s fo r d ra ft d e c is io ns , con c lus io ns

COP/M O P(Kyoto Protocol)

1 7 5 P art ies

COP(UNF CCC )1 8 9 P art ies

P re sid e n t, B ure au

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5 agendas for Bali

• COP - Conference of the Parties • COP/MOP - COP serving as the meeting of the

Parties to the Kyoto Protocol• SBSTA - Subsidiary Body on Scientific and

Technical Advice• SBI - Subsidiary Body on Implementation• Ad Hoc Working Group on Further Commitments

for Annex I Parties

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Presentation Outline• Upcoming Issues for COP 13 and

COP/MOP 3– SBSTA agenda items (Convention and

Protocol)– SBI agenda items (Convention and Protocol)

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SBSTA Issues• Nairobi Work Programme on impacts, vulnerability and

adaptation to climate change • Technology Transfer• Reducing Emissions from Deforestation• Research and Systematic Observation• Methodological Issues

– GHG Inventories– GHG Data interface– Bunker fuels

• Scientific, technical and socio-economic aspects of mitigation

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1. Nairobi Work Programme on Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to

Climate Change (SBSTA 3) Secretariat to report on progress made in implementing NWP• 6 synthesis reports on submissions made thus far

– Adaptation planning and practices; Methods and tools; Economic diversification; Data and observations; Climate modelling, scenarios and downscaling; Socio-economic information

• 2 workshop Reports– Cairo Workshop – climate related risks and extreme events– Rome Workshop – adaptation planning and preparedness

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• Submission of views of Parties by 21 September on possible need for a group of experts and the role that they could have in the implementation and further development of the Nairobi work programme.

• Compilation of these views will be considered by SBSTA with a view to recommendations, as appropriate.

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2. Technology Transfer (SBSTA 4)• Draft negotiating text (FCCC/SBSTA/4, annex I)

• Difference of opinion on whether a new fund and structure should be created

• Umbrella Group, EU favour strengthening existing TT framework and EGTT

• G77 and China seeks new body (TDTB) and new fund (MTAF)

• Consider workshop report and paper on good practices in conducting technology needs assessments (TNAs)

• Consider annual report of the EGTT

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3. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation (SBSTA 5)

• Issue first raised in July 2005• Two workshops held since then (Rome 2006, Cairns 2007)• Draft negotiating text (FCCC/SBSTA/2007/4, Annex III)• Parties invited to submit views by on further steps under the

Convention related to reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries: approaches to stimulate action (by 15 August 2007)

• Differences of opinion remain on pilot activities, mobilizing resources, future methodological work

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4. Research and Systematic Observation (SBSTA 6)

• Revision of UNFCCC reporting guidelines on global climate change observing systems (GCOS) – GCOS Secretariat has submitted a proposal and will

submit an update to this proposal • Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS)

– Parties will consider progress report from GTOS on development of guidance materials, standards and reporting guidelines for improving global terrestrial climate observations

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5. Other Issues• Fourth Assessment Report (SBSTA 7)

– In-depth briefing at Subsidiary Bodies Session– Parties to consider how the findings of AR4 could

contribute to ongoing work under the UNFCCC process• Methodological issues under Convention

(SBSTA 8): – Annual Report on Technical review of AI GHG

Inventories– GHG Data Interface– Emissions from fuels used in international aviation and

maritime transport

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Other Issues (cont’d)• Methodological issues under Kyoto Protocol

(SBSTA 9): – Implications of new HCFC-22 facilities seeking to obtain

CERs from destruction of HFC-23– Implications of possible changes to the limit for small-

scale afforestation and reforestation CDM project activities

– Carbon capture and storage (CCS) as CDM project activities

– Good practice guidance for LULUCF activities

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SBI Issues - Convention• Annex I National Communications• Non-Annex I National Communications• Financial Mechanism of the Convention• Article 6 – Education, Training and Public Awareness• Implementation of Article 4.8

– Special needs and concerns of developing country Parties– Matters relating to Least Developed Countries

• Capacity Building under the Convention• Annex I Reporting and Review

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1. National Communications from Developed Countries (SBI 3)

• Status of Fourth National Communications from developed country Parties

• Status of in-depth reviews of 4NCs• Synthesis Report will be presented

– Inventory data and trends– Information on other commitments under the

Convention • e.g., financial resources, technology transfer,

vulnerability, adaptation

Emission Trends

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Financial Flows – mitigation and adaptation

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Types of assistance on adaptation

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2. National Communications from Developing Countries (SBI 4)

• Consultative Group of Experts (CGE) on Non-Annex I National Communications

• SBI to review mandate and terms of reference• Review CGE recommendations on how to integrate

findings of NAPAs into next national communications.• Consider process on how to consider information

contained in developing country national communications• Financial and technical support for preparation of national

communications - consider views of Parties

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3. Financial Mechanism – Conv. (SBI 5)

• Review of the Global Environment Facility (the ‘financial mechanism’ for the Convention) - aims to ensure that the financial mechanism responds to the Parties’ needs– Guidelines for review in 3/CP.4, plus 2 documents:– Report on assessment of funding needed to assist developing

countries in meeting their commitments under the Convention over the next GEF replenishment cycle

– Report on experience of international finance institutions and multilateral financial institutions relevant to addressing future investment and financial needs of developing countries

• Report of the GEF and give Guidance to the GEF– Views and recommendations on funding available in the climate

change focal area– Guidance to the GEF

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4. Article 6 – Education, training and public awareness (SBI 6)

• Parties will consider extension and adaptation of the New Delhi work programme on Article 6 of the Convention, to address gaps and needed identified by Parties.

• Parties will consider written views of Parties that have been made on possible elements of a work programme to succeed the New Delhi WP, with a view to recommending a draft decision on a new or enhanced WP for adoption at COP 13.

• Secretariat will present a survey and evaluation report of the prototype information network clearing house (CCiNet) for consideration at SBI 27.

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5. Implementation of Articles 4.8and 4.9 (SBI 7)

• Article 4.8 addresses actions needed to meet the specific needs and concerns of developing country Parties arising from the adverse effects of climate change and/or the impact of response measures,

• includes actions related to funding, insurance and technology transfer• 6 workshops have been held: 3 regional workshops, 1 expert

workshop for small island States, 1 expert workshop on economic diversification, and 1expert workshop on modelling and financial risk management (response measures)

• SBI to continue negotiations on a 2-part decision, addressing – the direct impacts of climate change – the impacts on developing countries of measures taken to reduce

emissions in developed countries.

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Matters related to Least Developed Countries (Article 4.9) (SBI 7b)

• SBI will review – Progress and need for continuation of the Least

Developed Countries Expert Group (LEG) – Possible new terms of reference for the group.

• SBI also to review– 2006-2007 work programme– outcome of stocktaking meeting on preparation and

implementation of NAPAs

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6. Capacity Building under the Convention (SBI 8)

• SBI to consider a series of reports on activities undertaken to implement the framework on capacity building– Summary of information on activities taken to implement 2/CP.7

and 2/CP.10 (gaps, needs, experiences, lessons learned)– Report from the GEF on its progress in supporting the CB

framework– Synthesis document, on implementation of the framework, based

on the submissions of views, National Capacity Self Assessments, Technology Needs Assessments, NAPAs and submissions

– Report from the expert workshop on monitoring and evaluation of capacity building

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SBI Issues – Kyoto Protocol• Annex I Party Reporting and Review• Adaptation Fund• Capacity Building under the Kyoto Protocol • Article 3.14 – impact of response measures• International Transactions Log• Amendment of the Kyoto Protocol – Compliance

Procedures and Mechanisms• Other Matters

– Privileges and Immunities

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1. Annex I Reporting and Review (SBI 9, KP)

• Supplementary information provided by Parties to demonstrate compliance with Kyoto obligations (KP Art. 7.2)

• Review of initial reports and supplementary information– Calculation of assigned amount– Demonstration of ability to account for emissions and assigned

amount– 32 of 36 initial reviews of initial reports have been completed

• COP to provide guidance

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2. Adaptation Fund (SBI 10, KP)• Draft negotiating text and accompanying paper

(FCCC/SBI/2007/15, Annexes I and II)– Already addressed:

• eligibility criteria • priority areas • monetarization of CERs

– Unresolved: elements on institutional issues– Consultation 29-30 November in Bali– Difference of opinion on governance structure

• Negotiations to continue

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3. Capacity Building under the Kyoto Protocol (SBI 11, KP)

• Submissions from Parties on actions taken on capacity building in connection with the CDM

• Submission from multi-lateral and bilateral agencies and private sector on their support for CB activities

• Parties to consider:– synthesis report on implications of the framework for

capacity building– Information from CDM Executive Board on activities

relating to regional distribution of CDM project activities.

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4. Matters relating to Article 3.14 (SBI 12, KP)

• Workshop held on ways to minimize the adverse social, environmental and economic impacts on developing country Parties of implementation of policies and measures by Annex I Parties to achieve their quantified emission limitation or reduction commitments

• Related to Article 2.3 under the Convention; • Related to scientific, technical and socio-economic aspects of

mitigation under the Convention; • Related to implementation of decision 1/CP.10 (response

measures)• Parties to initiate consideration of workshop report

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5. International Transactions Log (SBI 13, KP)

• Organisational arrangements, activities, resource requirements of the ITL

• Annual Report of the ITL Administrator• Issue: who bears the cost of the ITL? Parties using credits?

The Those with credits Submissions from Parties on actions taken on capacity building in connection with the CDM

• Submission from multi-lateral and bilateral agencies and private sector on their support for CB activities

• Parties to consider:– synthesis report on implications of the framework for capacity

building– Information from CDM Executive Board on activities relating to

regional distribution of CDM project activities.

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6. Amendment of KP to include Procedures and Mechanisms on

Compliance (SBI 14, KP)• In 2005, Saudi Arabia proposed that the KP be

amended to explicitly incorporate the procedures and mechanisms on compliance agreed in Marrakech Accords

• Procedures and mechanisms have already been adopted by the COP/MOP and are already being implemented

• By decision 27/CMP.1, Kyoto Parties decided to commence consideration of this issue with a view to making a decision by COP/MOP 13

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7. Privileges and Immunities for persons serving on constituted bodies (SBI 16, KP) (Other matters)

• Relates to people serving on CDM Executive Board, Compliance Committee, Joint Implementation Supervisory Committee and other bodies

• How to address situations in which legal action might be brought against people serving on these bodies for decisions taken?

• 9/CMP.2 agreed that Executive Secretary would address these matters in the short run, and investigate the possibility of insurance

• Many proposals on the table for ways to address the issue• Disagreement on whether formal action is needed now, or can wait

for post-2012 package of agreements

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Thank you for your attention.

FIELDwww.field.org.uk

mj.mace@field.org.ukTel: +44 20 7388-2117Fax: +44 20 7388-2826

3 Endsleigh StreetLondon WC1H 0DD

United Kingdom