UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH

658

UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS.

Candidates presenting themselves for Matriculation in theFaculty of Medicine must pass an examination in English(Language or Literature) and English History, Mathematicsand Latin, and in two of eight optional subjects. Exemptionfrom the matriculation examination is granted to graduatesof any university of the United Kingdom provided Latin hasformed part of one of the degree examinations.Four degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferred-viz. :

Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B. andCh.B.), Doctor of Medicine (M.D.), Master of Surgery(Ch.M.).

lJe.r;rfies of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.-Candidates for the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and ofSurgery are required to present certificates showing thatthey will have attained the age of 21 years on the day ofgraduation, and that they have attended courses of instruc-tion approved by the University extending over not less thanfive years, two of such years, at least, having been passed inthe University subsequently to the date of passing the FirstExamination. Candidates must alto satisfy the examinersin the several subjects of the following examinationsentitled respectively : the Matriculation Examination, or

such other examina,tion as may have been recognisedby the University in its stead ; the First Examination; theSecond Examination ; and the Final Examination.

The First Examinal,ion.-The First Examination consistsof: Part I., Physics and Chemistry; Part II., Biology.Candidates will be allowed to pass the two parts separately.

The Second Examination.-The Second Examination con-sists of Part 1., Anatomy and Physiology ; Part II., MateriaMedica and Pharmacy. Candidates will be allowed to passthe two parts separately.

The Final Examinatinn.-The subjects of the FinalExamination are: (1) Pharmacology and Therapeutics;(2) Pathology and Bacteriology ; (3) Forensic Medicine andToxicology and Public Health ; (4) Obstetrics and Gynasco-logy ; (5) Surgery : Systematic, Clinical and Practical: and(6) Medicine: Systematic and Clinical, including MentalDiseases and Diseases of Children.

Candidates may either present themselves in all the sixsubjects of examination on the same occasion or may passthe examination in two parts, the first part consisting of twoor three of the subjects (1), (2), and (3) ; the second partconsisting of the remaining subiects. Candidates who failto satisfy the examiners in the first part must either presentthemselves again in the subjects as selected, or in all thethree subjects of the first part, or in all the six subjects ofexamination.

- DeT’e’jOoop’T/’/e’of.—Candidates are not eligible forthe degree of Doctor of Medicine unless they have previouslyreceived the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor ofSurgery and at least one year has elapsed since they passedthe examination for those degrees. Candidates for the degreeof Doctor of Medicine are required to present a dissertationand, if the dissertation be accepted, to pass an examination.The dissertation, of which the subject must previously havereceived the approval of the Board of the Faculty ofMedicine, must embody the results of personal observationsor original research, either in some department of medicineor of some science directly related to medicine, providedalways that original work published in scientific journals orin the Proceedings of learned societies, or separately, shallbe admissible in lieu of, or in addition to, a dissertationspecially written for the degree. Candidates will be requiredto write a short extempore essay on some topic connected withmedicine and to answer questions on the history of medicine.They will also be examined orally on the dissertation or

other work submitted. Any candidate may be exemptedfrom a part or the whole of the examination if the Board ofthe Faculty so decide. No candidate will be admitted tothe degree unless his application, after report from theBoard of the Faculty of Medicine, shall have been acceptedby the Senate.

Degree nf Master of Surgery.-Candidates are not eligiblefor the degree of Master of Surgery unless they have pre-viously received the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine andBachelor of Surgery and at least one year has elapsed sincethey passed the examination for those degrees. Everycandidate is also required to furnish certificates of attend-ance in aocordance with the regulations of the University.

The subjects of examination are as follows: SurgicalAnatomy, Surgery, Operative Surgery, Clinical Surgery,Ophthalmology, Pathology, and Bacteriology.

UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD.

Candidates for a medical degree shall have matriculated inthe University or have passed such other examination as maybe recognised for this purpose by the University. The

subjects required by the General Medical Council must beincluded in the Matriculation Examination.The Degrees in the Faculty of Medicine shall be Bachelor

of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (M.B., Ch.B.), Doctorof Medicine (M.D.), and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.).

Degrees (If Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery.-A candidate for the degrees of M.B., Ch.B., shall producecertificates that he will have attained the age of 21 years onthe day of graduation : that he has pursued the courses ofstudy required by the University regulations during a periodof not less than five years subsequently to the date of hisregistration as a medical student by the General MedicalCouncil, two of such years at least having been passed in theUniversity and one year at least having been passed in theUniversity subsequently to the date of passing the FirstExamination.

The First Examination.-The subjects of examination arechemistry, physics, and biology. The examination is dividedinto two parts, A (chemistry and physics) and B (biology),and candidates may pass in each part separately. TheIntermediate B.Sc. Examination in these subjects will, onpayment of the required additional fee, be accepted insteadof this examination. Candidates must, after matriculationand registration as a medical student, have attended coursesof instruction (lectures and laboratory work) in chemistry,physics, and biology, for one year each.

The Second Examination.-The subjects of examination areanatomy, physiology, materia medica, and pharmacy. Theexamination is divided into two parts, A (anatomy andphysiology) and B (materia medica and pharmacy), andcandidates may pass in either part separately. Candidatesmust have completed the third winter session of professionalstudy, must have passed the first examination, and musthave attended (1) lectures on anatomy and dis-ections duringtwo winter sessions and one summer session ; (2) lectures onphysiology during two winter sessions, practical physiologyduring two winter sessions, and histology during one summersession ; and (3) materia medica and pharmacy for threemonths.

The Third or Final Examination.-The subjects ofexamination are divided into two parts-namely, A (forensicmedicine and toxicology, public health, and pathology andmorbid anatomy) and B (medicine, including pharmacologyand therapeutics, mental diseases, and diseases of children,surgery, obstetrics, and gynaecology). Candidates maypresent themselves for examina.ion in both parts on thesame occasion or separateiy, but Part A may not be passedbefore the completion of the fourth year of study.Candidates for the whole examination or for Part B musthave completed the fifth year of study.

-Degree of Doctor of Medicine.-Candidates for the degreeof Doctor of Medicine must have passed the examination forthe degrees of M.B., Ch. B. at least one year previously, mustpresent a thesis embodying observations in some subjectapproved by the professor of medicine, and must pass anexamination in the Principles and Practice of Medicine.

Degree of Master of Surgry.-Candidates for the degree ofCh. M. must have passed the examination for the degrees ofM.B., Ch. B at least one year previously and must, sincetaking the degrees of M.B., Ch. B., have held for not lessthan six months a surgical appointment in a public hospitalor other public institution, affording full opportunity for thestudy of Practical Surgery.The subjects of examination are Systematic. Clinical, and

Operative Surgery, Surgical Anatomy, Surgical Pathologyand Bacteriology.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.

Four Degrees in Medicine and Surgery are conferred bythe University of Edinburgh-viz.. Bachelor of Medicine(M.B.), Bachelor of Surgery (Ch.B.). Doctor of Medicine

(M.D.), and Master of Surgery (Ch.M.). The degree of

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Bachelor of Surgery cannot be conferred on any person dewho does not at the same time obtain the degree of Bachelor ca

of Medicine, and similarly the degree of Bachelor of Medicine a

is not conferred on any person who does not at the same su

time obtain the degree of Bachelor of Surgery. ofA diploma in Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (D.T.M. and or

H.) is granted to graduates in Medicine and Surgery of the inUniversity of not less than six months’ standing. The course hc

of study includes (1) Practical Bacteriology ; (2) Diseases of dl

Tropical Climates ; (3) Tropical Hygiene ; (4) a Practical of

Course in the Zoological Characters, &c., of Disease Carrying C<

Insects and Venomous Animals ; and (5) a Course of Clinical mInstruction in Tropical Diseases. Any two of these courses may be taken under Extra-academical Teachers and ex- bi ‘emption from the latter course may be granted to those P]

graduates who have been engaged for a period of at least12 months in the treatment of Tropical Diseases in any st

tropical or subtropical country. The examinations for the rediploma, which will embrace all the foregoing subjects, are st

held in January and July of each year. rE

A special University certificate in Diseases of Tropical tl

Climates is also granted to qualified medical practitioners uand others specially interested, after approved attendance on C

the courses of instruction in Tropical Diseases and Practical Bacteriology, including the Micro-organisms of Tropical ’Diseases. A

Before commencing his medical studies each student must n Ppass a preliminary examination in (1) English, (2) Latin,(3) Elementary Mathematics, and (4) Greek or French or ZGerman: Provided always that, in the case of a candidate twhose native language is not English, an examination in s,the native language of the candidate may be substituted -cfor one in either French or German, and an examina-

0tion in any other classical language for one in Latin or 1Greek.

a

No one is admitted to the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine Iand Baohelor of Surgery who has not been engaged in Medical and Surgical study for five years. No courseof lectures will be allowed to qualify unless the lecturer Icertifies that it has embraced at least 100 lectures, or 50 lectures, as may be required by the regulations, iand that the student has also duly performed the work tof the class. y

Candidates for the degrees of M.B. and Ch.B. must have (attended for at least three academic years the medical and i

surgical practice either of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, or fof a general hospital elsewhere which accommodates notfewer than 80 patients and possesses a distinct staff of

physicians and surgeons. They must have attended Clinical Surgery during a course or courses extending over not less ithan nine months. These courses may be conducted by the 1

professor of clinical surgery, or by professors or lecturers

appointed for the purpose by the University Court, or bythe ordinary surgeons of the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, or of a general hospital defined and recognised as herein-before provided, and shall consist of regular instruction atthe bedside, along with clinical lectures. A similar courseof clinical medicine during a course or courses extendingover not less than nine months is required. The candidatemust have attended a course of instruction in Mental Diseasesgiven by the University Lecturer, or by a recognisedTeacher, consisting of not less than six Class-room

meetings for lectures and demonstrations and ten

meetings in the Wards of a recognised Asylum for theinsane. The candidate must have attended a course of25 meetings on Practical Pharmacy in a universityor recognised school of medicine, or have dispensed drugsfor a period of three months in a hospital or dispensary, orin an establishment recognised by the PharmaceuticalSociety. The candidate must have attended for at least sixmonths, by apprenticeship or otherwise, the out-practice of ahospital, or the practice of a dispensary, or of a physician orsurgeon, or of a member of the London or Dublin Societyof Apothecaries. He must have acted as clerk in themedical wards and dresser in the surgical wards of a publichospital for a period of six months in each case ; and mustalso have availed himself, to such an extent as may berequired by the Senatus, with the approval of the UniversityCourt, of opportunities of studying at a hospital or

dispensary, Post-mortem Examinations, Fevers, Diseases ofthe Eve, Operative Surgery, and one of the three following,viz.-Diseases of Children; Diseases of the Larynx, Ear,and Nose ; and Diseases of the Skin, or such other special

.epartments as may from time to time be determined. Theandidate must have attended, under the superintendence oi, registered medical practitioner, 12 cases of labour, or

uch additional number as the Senatus, with the sanctionf the University Court, may from time to time determine ;or have attended for three months the practice of a lying-n hospital, or of the maternity department of a generallospital or other public charitable institution and have con-lucted personally six or such an additional number of cases)f labour as the Senatus, with the approval of the UniversityCourt, may from time to time determine. The candidatenust have been properly instructed in Vaccination at a

public vaccination station, by a public vaccinator, authorised)y the proper Government authority to grant certificates ofproficiency in vaccination.With respect to the places and institutions at which the

studies of the candidate may be prosecuted, the followingregulations have effect:-Two of the five years of medicalstudy must be spent in the University of Edinburgh. The

remaining three years may be spent in any University ofthe United Kingdom, or in any Indian, Colonial, or Foreignuniversity recognised for the purpose by the UniversityCourt, or in such medical schools or under such teachersas may be recognised for the purpose by the UniversityCourt. Of the subjects of study, 16 in number-viz.,Anatomy, Practical Anatomy, Chemistry, Practical Che-

mistry, Materia Medica, Physiology, Practical Physiology,Practice of Medicine, Surgery, Midwifery and Diseases ofWomen, Pathology, Practical Pathology, Physics, Botany,Zoology, Medical Jurisprudence, and Public Health-not lessthan eight must be taken in the University of Edinburgh or insome other university of the United Kingdom, or in someForeign or Colonial university entitled to confer the degreeof Doctor of Medicine, recognised for the purpose by theUniversity Court, or in a college incorporated with, or

affiliated to, a university entitled to confer the degree ofDoctor of Medicine, recognised for the purpose by the

University Court.Women are admitted to graduation in medicine under

practically the same conditions as men, excepting that, untilprovision is made in the University for instruction of womenin all subjects of the medical curriculum, the regulations asto places of study contained in the foregoing paragraph donot apply to them. The Medical College for Women, 30,Chambers-street, Edinburgh, has been recognised as a

medical school whose courses of instruction qualify forgraduation.Each candidate is examined, both in writing and orally,

and clinically where the nature of the subject admits :-First, in Chemistry, Zoology, Botany, and Physics ; second,in Anatomy, Physiology, Materia Medica, and Therapeutics ;third, in Pathology ; and fourth, in Surgery, Medicine,Midwifery, Forensic Medicine, and Public Health, and

clinically in Medicine and Surgery in a hospital. Theexaminations are conducted, as far as possible, by demon-strations of objects placed before the candidates. Candidateswho profess themselves ready to submit to an examination inthe first division of these subjects may be admitted toexamination therein at the first period of examination afterthey have completed their attendance on the necessaryclasses. Candidates who have passed their examination inthe first division of these subjects may be admitted to exa-mination in the second division at the end of their thirdwinter session. Candidates who have passed their examina-tions in the subjects comprised in the first and seconddivisions may be admitted to examination in the thirddivision at the end of the fourth winter session. Candidateswho have passed their examinations in the subjects com-prised in the first, second, and third divisions may beadmitted to examination in the fourth or final division whenthey have completed the fifth year of study.The fee to be paid for the degrees of Bachelor of Medicine

and Bachelor of Surgery is <&23 2s., and the proportion ofthis sum to be paid by a candidate at each division ofthe examination shall be as follows-viz. : For the FirstDivision of the Examination (Botany, Zoology, Physics,and Chemistry), &pound;6 6s. ; for the Second Division (Anatomy,Physiology, and Materia Medica and Therapeutics), .E.6 6s. ; ;for the Third Division (Pathology), &pound;2 2s. ; and for theFinal Division (Surgery and Clinical Surgery, Medicine andClinical Medicine, Midwifery, and Forensic Medicine andPublic Health), &pound;8 8s. The fee to be paid for the degree ofDoctor of Medicine is E10 10s., and the fee to be paid forthe degree of Master of Surgery is &pound;10 10s.

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