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TRUCKS IN CALIFORNIA: WHAT U.S. & OVERSEAS
COMPANIES MUST KNOW ABOUT CARB COMPLIANCE
Knowledge Lab | Oct. 9 | 4:00pm-5:00pm
Summary
Air Quality Overview and Health Impacts Diesel Emissions Reductions Programs The Air Quality “Trifecta” in California Enforcement & Responsible Parties “Sustainable Freight Strategy” Questions and Answers
California is a “Nation-State”
Stats 37 million residents Ranks as the 6th or 7th
largest economy globally About 25% of domestic
logistics revenue touches the state
25 million light gasoline vehicles
Over 1 million diesel vehicles
Recognized nationally and internationally for emissions reductions programs
California Trade Corridors
Seaports and rail facilities are located in areas with high population density
Economic and environmental justice are concerns in these areas
The communities surrounding the ports have driven much of the change toward lower emissions
A public policy and economic tug of war continues on how to fund needed infrastruture
California Vessel Volume
California Container Volumes
Recent Headlines
10 “California Leading on Emissions as Brown Signs New Laws”, Bloomberg News
9“With California's blessing, the U.S. could leapfrog its own inaction and find itself once again at the forefront in the race to address climate change,” Los Angeles Times
8 “Obama Calls For More Ambitious Approach To Climate Change In U.N. Speech," National Public Radio
7“The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is granting the California Air Resources Board's (CARB) request for a waiver of Clean Air Act preemption to enforce provisions of its Heavy-Duty Tractor-Trailer Greenhouse Gas Regulations,” Federal Register
6 “EPA's Phase 2 Greenhouse Gas Rules Still Unknown,” Heavy Duty Trucking
Recent Headlines
5 “ARB adopts changes to California’s Truck and Bus Regulation,” CARB press release
4 “Left-coast gamble: CARB forces tough year end decision for many owner-operators,” Overdrive Magazine
3 “Diesel truck and bus fleets fined for California air quality violations,” (over $2 million) CARB press release
2 Interstate carriers and 3PL’s Alert: “International Brokers Case Settles for $300,000,” CARB press release
1 What happens in California does not stay in California
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-09-23/california-leading-on-emissions-as-brown-signs-new-laws.html
http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-diperna-climate-un-cap-and-trade-california-20140923-story.htmlhttp://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/09/23/350911527/obama-to-lays-out-approach-to-climate-change-in-u-n-speechhttps://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2014/08/07/2014-18742/california-state-motor-vehicle-pollution-control-standards-heavy-duty-tractor-trailer-greenhouse-gashttp://www.truckinginfo.com/news/story/2014/09/epa-s-phase-2-greenhouse-gas-rules-still-unknown.aspxhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=603http://www.overdriveonline.com/left-coast-gamble-carb-forces-tough-yearend-decision-for-many-owner-operators/http://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=610http://www.arb.ca.gov/newsrel/newsrelease.php?id=434http://www.joc.com/port-news/us-ports/south-carolina-ports-authority/south-carolina-ports-authority-launch-clean-truck-program_20131104.html
East Coast Actions
California Air Regulatory Overview
Three Levels The United States
Environmental Protection Agency implements federal law relating to stationary and mobile sources of emissions
CARB implements mobile source controls
The 35 local Air Districts have some role in mobile sources but concentrate on stationary sources
CARB Structure
Twelve member Board State legal authority to protect the public from pollution The United States EPA acts upon “waiver” requests from
CARB in order for CARB to enact fleet rules Other states are adopting California-style rules (e.g. South
Carolina Port Trucking)
CARB is Almost 50 Years Old
Major initiatives: Catalytic converters Lead removal from gasoline Low sulfur diesel MTBE/oxygenated fuels Low emission cars:
ZEV/PZEV/ULEV/SULEV
By Ozone By Year Round Particle Pollution By Short Term Particle Pollution
#1: Los Angeles Region, CA #1: Bakersfield, CA #1: Bakersfield, CA
#2: Visalia – Porterville, CA #2: Hanford, CA #2: Fresno, CA
#3: Bakersfield CA #3: Los Angeles Region, CA #3:Hanford, CA
#4: Fresno, CA #4: Visalia-Porterville, CA #4: Los Angeles Region, CA
#5: Hanford – Corcoran, CA #5: Fresno, CA #5: Modesto, CA
#6: Sacramento Region, CA #6: Pittsburgh, PA #6: Pittsburgh, PA
#7: San Diego Region, CA #7: Phoenix, AZ #7: Salt Lake City, UT
#8: Houston Region, TX #8: Cincinnati Region, OH #8: Logan, UT
#9: San Luis Obispo, CA #9: Louisville Region, KY #9: Fairbanks, AK
#10: Merced, CA #10: Philadelphia Region, PA #10: Merced, CA
#11: Modesto, CA #10: St. Louis, MO #11: Provo – Orem, UT
#12: Dallas-Fort Worth, TX #12: Steubenville-Weirton, OH #12: Visalia – Porterville, CA
#13: Washington DC Region, MD/VA/WV #12: Birmingham. AL #13: Eugene – Springfield, OR
#14: El Centro, CA #14: Indianapolis, IL #14: Green Bay, WI
#15: New York - NY #14: Fairbanks, AK #15: Stockton, CA
#16: Philadelphia – PA #14: Cleveland, OH #16: Las Cruces, NM
#16: Chico, CA #17: Charleston, WV #17: Harrisburg, PA
#18: Charlotte, NC #17: Dayton, OH #18: San Diego Region, CA
#19: Phoenix, AZ #17: Columbus, OH #18 Chicago Region, IL
#20: Pittsburgh, PA #20: Parkersburg, WV #20: Milwaukee, WI
#21: Birmingham, AL #20: Wheeling, WV #21: Sacramento Region, CA
#21: Cincinnati, OH #20: Huntington, WV #22: Washington DC Region, MD/VA/WV
#23: Stockton, CA #23: Houston, TX #22: Philadelphia Region, PA
#24: Baton Rouge, LA #24:Davenport Region, IA #22: Davenport, IA
#25: Atlanta, GA #24:Hagerstown, MD #25: South Bend-Elkhart-Mishawaka, IN/MI
The Problem With Diesel Trucks
% of Total On-Road Vehicles
Heavy Duty2%
Light & Medium
98%
01020304050607080
Total Vehicle Emissions
30%
65%
NOx PM1
0
Strategy 1: Cleaner Fuels
Stringent Diesel Fuel Standards (15 ppm sulfur diesel
and aromatics 2006)
Low Carbon Fuel Standard (10% less carbon intensity
by 2020)
The State’s strategy has officially been “fuel neutral”
however grants and incentives for alternative fuels and
biofuels have existed for many years
The South Coast AQMD strategy jump started natural
gas vehicles (NGVs)
~ 4,538 Transit Buses
~ 3,632 Light- and Medium-Duty Public Fleet Vehicles
~ 1,886 Refuse Trucks
~ 1,965 School Buses
~ 526 Heavy-Duty PublicFleet Vehicles
~ 300 Street Sweepers
~ 856 Taxicabs and Airport Shuttles
Alternative Fuel VehiclesWithin SoCal (2012 est)
:
Fuel Pathways Affecting (GHG) Emissions
Strategy 2: Burn Fuel More Cleanly
Diesel motor vehicles number approximately 400,000 in-state
registration and in excess of 600,000 visit the state annually
Waiting for turnover is not fast enough to meet federal standards
Diesel Risk Reduction Plan of 2000
(Reduce PM exposure 75% by 2010 and 85% by 2020)
Stringent Engine Certification Standards
(2007 PM and 2010 NOx)
In – Use Programs
(“The 3 Rs”: Retrofit, Repower, Replace + Incentives and
Enforcement) = Clean Green Engines and Vehicles
Strategy 2: Implementation• Urban buses - 2000
• School bus and delivery vehicle idling - 2003
• Solid waste collection vehicles - 2003
• Transport refrigeration units - 2004
• Stationary compression ignition engines - 2004
• Truck idling - 2004
• Portable engines - 2004
• Locomotive and harbor craft fuel – 2004
Strategy 2: Implementation• Transit fleet vehicles - 2005
• Public agencies and utility on-road fleets - 2005
• Port/rail cargo handling equipment - 2005
• Ship auxiliary engine fuels - 2005
• Off-road (e.g. construction and mining) vehicles - 2007
• Drayage (port) trucks - 2007
• Commercial harbor craft - 2008
• Statewide trucks and buses
CARB Port-related Regulations
Phase 1: 2009 through 2013
20,000 heavy truck required diesel particulate filters or replacement statewide
In Los Angeles & Long Beach, replacement was required by 2012
Phase 2: 2014 through 2022
Heavy trucks that were retrofit must be replaced with 2010 or newer engines
Strategy 3: Burn Less Fuel
Regulates 53 foot and longer box-type trailers (dry-van & refrigerated-van trailers) and the tractors that pull them
Tractor TrailerGreenhouse Gas
Fuel-tank skirts
Integrated roof fairing
Cab side gap fairings
Aerodynamic bumper
Aerodynamic mirrors
Aero profile tractor
Tractor Aerodynamics
Trailer Aerodyna
mics
Tire Rolling Resistance
SmartWay Program Information: http://epa.gov/smartway/:
Reduced Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions
CARB Enforcement Summary
2011 Closed Enforcement Actions
Program Enforcement Actions Closed
Penalties
Mobile Sources 3440 $ 6,133,306
Fuels 21 $ 209,000
Consumer Products 31 $ 213,000
Cargo Tanks 15 $ 7,003
Railroad MOUs 29 $ 10,000
Total Cases 3536 $ 6,652,309
2012 Closed Enforcement Actions
Who gets stopped for an inspection?
• Inspections are Random− Excessively smoking vehicles− Pre-2007 trucks with no filters will be easier to spot
What are they looking for?
• Engine labels• Filter labels• Excessive
smoke
Enforcement at Ports
Inland Empire (Press Enterprise Nov. 20, 2013)
http://video.pe.com/29Tit/diesel-crackdown-state-regulators-cite-offending-trucks/
Delinquent Citation Enforcement
• DMV “registration holds” (~2000 to date)• CHP “out of service process” per Vehicle Code
section 27159 (~500 to date -- vehicles held)• CARB obtains judgments in Sacramento
Superior Court under authority of California Health and Safety Code section 44011.6 (~ 3,500 obtained to date)
• CARB executes judgments to place liens on property, etc.
“Supply-Chain” Liability
DRIVER
CARRIER
DISPATCHER
SHIPPER
RECIEVER
BROKER
1. Emission Control Label
2. HDVIP
3. PSIP
4. Idle Reduction
5. Transport Refrigeration Unit
6. GHG (SmartWay) Rule
7. Drayage Truck Rule
8. Statewide Truck and Bus
April 2014 Hearing
“Economic Hardship”
Questions & Answers
Thanks….
Sean Edgar
CleanFleets.net
916-520-6040 Ext 104
Sean@
CleanFleets.net
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