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Michael R. Schuppenhauer, Ph.D.President & CEOFarmatic Inc.
November 7, 2012FACC / GACCSan Francisco, CA
Trash to Treasure:Waste-to-energy as next fuel source?
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This is what we build.
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Farmatic References – 50 years, 300 projects
Biology is key to performance
Differences between Europe and the US
Waste-to-Energy to New Fuels
Nutrients and trace elements supplimentation
Input Trace elements
pH
Val
ue
Test duration [h]
Hyd
raul
ik R
eten
tion
Tim
e [d
]
Gas
pro
duct
ion
[L/L
/d]
Gas production
pH-Value
hydr. Retention Time
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50 years track record as EPC intanks, biogas, waste water
Revenues of $30+ Mio. pa
65+ employees
Farmatic Anlagenbau GmbH in Nortorf, GermanyFarmatic Inc. in San Francisco, CA
ISO 9000 series & RAL
More than 100 biogas references world wideMore than 100 waste water references world wideSince 50 years bolted steel tanks
Farmatic
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•Steel tanks enable superior geometry•Center CSTR lowers parasitic energy load•Enamel coating offers far superior corrosion
resistance•Steel tanks are seismically superior•Bolted design enables shorter construction time,
cost•Plate design enables on-site modification,
repair and disassembly•Enamel coated steel tanks are widely recognized
and established in the US
Farmatic’s underlying differentiators: Enamel coated bolted steel tanks
Stand 04/2012 5
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We are from Germany, our references are global.
Modular, segmented design allows Farmatic plants to be constructed anywhere on the world, with guaranteed quality and delivery times.
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100 kW 500 kW >2 MWFarmatic offers a full range of biogas plant sizes
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BioKraft Albersdorf GmbH & Co. KGSchrumer Straße D-25767 Albersdorf
Biogas PlantWet Digestion of Organic Waste Throughput: 80.000 t/yHydrolysis: Ø = 16,22 m; H = 5,60 m3 x Hygenization: Ø = 3,20 m; H = 6,50 m2 x Fermenter: Ø = 16,11 m; H = 16,80 mDigestate: Ø = 21,35 m; H = 5,60 mCHP: 836 kWel./1.010 kWtherm
Operational: 10/02
Biogas Plant Albersdorf, Germany
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Baltic BiogasRotermanni 8
EST-10111 Tallinn
BiogasanlageWet digestion of manure, solid waste and organic matter, two-step, mesophil 2 x Fermenter: 3.500 m³Digestate: 2.500 m³Output: 2,0 MWelektr.
Operational: 05/12
Biogas Plant Aravete, Estonia
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Swedish Biogas International AB Tippvägen SE-70594 Örebro
Biogas PlantAgro-industrial SSO, energy crops2 x Fermenter: Ø = 17,08 m; H = 18,27 m 2 x Digestate: Ø = 19,63 m; H = 8,47 mStorage: Ø = 28,17 m; H = 8,47 mGrain: Ø = 12,51 m; H = 14,00 mGlycerin: Ø = 4,27 m; H = 7,08 m
Notes:Gas upgrading of 1.200 m³ (2,5 MWel) to grid quality and CNG for vehicles,
Operational: 10/09
Biogas Plant Örebro, Sweden
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Biogas Plant Design & EngineeringAgricultural – CA: $1.35 billionOrganic Waste Streams – TBD Agro Food Processors – CA: $400 millionBiofuel / Advanced Biofuel – US: $11-35 billion
EquipmentRoof, Impeller, Gas DomeDHXCold Storage
Biological and Operational ServicesProject Development
Farmatic Activities in the US
Stand 04/2012 12
Nutrients and trace elements supplimentation
Input Trace elements
pH
Val
ue
Test duration [h]
Hyd
raul
ik R
eten
tion
Tim
e [d
]
Gas
pro
duct
ion
[L/L
/d]
Gas production
pH-Value
hydr. Retention Time
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Biogas Plant Portland, OR – 500 t/d Design Specs
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Farmatic References – 50 years, 300 projects
Biology is key to performance
Differences between Europe and the US
Waste-to-Energy to New Fuels
Nutrients and trace elements supplimentation
Input Trace elements
pH
Val
ue
Test duration [h]
Hyd
raul
ik R
eten
tion
Tim
e [d
]
Gas
pro
duct
ion
[L/L
/d]
Gas production
pH-Value
hydr. Retention Time
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Polymere Carbohydrates ProteinsFat Inorganic Substances
MonomerCarbohydrates Amino Acids Long Chain
Fatty Acids
Hydrolyse
CO2 + H2 Acetate EthanolButyrate ValeriatePropionate
Acidogenesis
Acetogenesis
Pind et al: Monitoring and Control aof Anaerobic Reactors 2003
CH4 + CO2 + H2O
CO2 + H2 Acetate
Methanogenesis
Complex Particular Matter
Seconds toMinutes
Minutes to Days
Minutesto days
Hoursto Days
Kinetic Degradation of Substrates to Biogas
15
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Buswell Formula (USA, 1940)
CcHhOoNnSs + ¼(4c-h+2o+3n+2s) H2O 1/8(4c-h+2o+3n+2s) CO2
+ 1/8 (4c+h-2o-3n-2s) CH4
+ n NH3 + s H2S
Examples:Glucose C6H12O6
Betaine C5H11NO2
Fat ca. 67 % CH4 + 33 % CO2
Alcohol ca. 75 % CH4 + 25 % CO2
Protein ca. 70 % CH4 + 30 % CO2
Whey ca. 52 % CH4 + 48 % CO2
*Note the pH dependency of pCO2:
3 CH4 + CO2
3 CH4 + CO2 + NH3
Stochiometry of Microbiological Methane Formation
16
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Biogas Yields of Common Feed Stocks
Yield ForecastKTBL.DEBuswell
Fermentation TestVDI 4630, DIN 38414-8,
ISO 11 734
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Process parameters that influence the biology
Temperature
Organic Loading Rate
Alkalinity & pH
Trace element supply
Inhibiting Elements
Stirring <> Dry Matter Content <> Viscosity
Process Stability
Proper control of the microbiology assures the performance for biogas
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Farmatic References – 50 years, 300 projects
Biology is key to performance
Differences between Europe and the US
Waste-to-Energy to New Fuels
Nutrients and trace elements supplimentation
Input Trace elements
pH
Val
ue
Test duration [h]
Hyd
raul
ik R
eten
tion
Tim
e [d
]
Gas
pro
duct
ion
[L/L
/d]
Gas production
pH-Value
hydr. Retention Time
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•Anaerobic reversal of photosynthesis•3,000 year old “technology”•Base or peak load domestic energy•GHG negative•Eliminates Ag/compost odor•Grid-competitive at $3/W CapEx•7,500 biogas plants in Germany with
3.2 GW and 175,000 Nm3/h Biogas•Max. FIT in Germany: 16-24 c/kWh•Bioenergy in Germany is
3x Wind+Solar energy combined•3x energy yield per acre vs. liq. fuels•14% of all trash is food waste•30-40% of all MSW is digestable•RFS2: Biogas is an Advanced Biofuel
Some Facts on Biogas
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U.S. Biogas Potential and Cost by Vertical
21
Livestock1
Current No. Digesters
Potential No. of Digesters
Power Potential
186
8,200
1,700 MW
Waste WaterTreatment1
Current No. Digesters
Potential No. of Digesters
Power Potential
1,500
3,250
750 MW
Million Tons per Year
Potential No. 5MW Digesters
Power Potential
34.75
350
1,750 MW
MSWFood Scraps2
Average US Cost per MW: $5.74 million1
Average Cost per Project: $12.6 million
Source: 1. American Biogas Council 2. MSW Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the US: Facts and Figures for 2010
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USA•Varying electricity cost3…12…40 c/kWh•Lack of water West of NE•Valuable crop lands in CA, HI•Long distances between resource and consumption•More waste, more energy need•Economies of scale•Competitive/oppressive market•Different waste definitions•Regulation•Variety of feedstock options
Europe•Dense population, logistics•No domestic fuel resources•Declared renewable goals•High energy cost (+15c/kWh)•Feed-in-tariffs•Surplus of Ag land, products•Waste disposal rules•State managed energy supply•Pull for renewables•30+ years track record•Research•Two feedstocks: silage, waste
The US is a different environment
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•Size
•Feedstocks
•Regulation (8+ agencies !)
•Project Development/Finance
•Economics
•Biogas use (CNG vs. Electric)
•Digestate as Fertilizer
Execution in the US will be very different from Europe
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