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Michael R. Schuppenhauer, Ph.D.President & CEOFarmatic Inc.

November 7, 2012FACC / GACCSan Francisco, CA

Trash to Treasure:Waste-to-energy as next fuel source?

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This is what we build.

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Farmatic References – 50 years, 300 projects

Biology is key to performance

Differences between Europe and the US

Waste-to-Energy to New Fuels

Nutrients and trace elements supplimentation

Input Trace elements

pH

Val

ue

Test duration [h]

Hyd

raul

ik R

eten

tion

Tim

e [d

]

Gas

pro

duct

ion

[L/L

/d]

Gas production

pH-Value

hydr. Retention Time

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50 years track record as EPC intanks, biogas, waste water

Revenues of $30+ Mio. pa

65+ employees

Farmatic Anlagenbau GmbH in Nortorf, GermanyFarmatic Inc. in San Francisco, CA

ISO 9000 series & RAL

More than 100 biogas references world wideMore than 100 waste water references world wideSince 50 years bolted steel tanks

Farmatic

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•Steel tanks enable superior geometry•Center CSTR lowers parasitic energy load•Enamel coating offers far superior corrosion

resistance•Steel tanks are seismically superior•Bolted design enables shorter construction time,

cost•Plate design enables on-site modification,

repair and disassembly•Enamel coated steel tanks are widely recognized

and established in the US

Farmatic’s underlying differentiators: Enamel coated bolted steel tanks

Stand 04/2012 5

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We are from Germany, our references are global.

Modular, segmented design allows Farmatic plants to be constructed anywhere on the world, with guaranteed quality and delivery times.

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100 kW 500 kW >2 MWFarmatic offers a full range of biogas plant sizes

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BioKraft Albersdorf GmbH & Co. KGSchrumer Straße D-25767 Albersdorf

Biogas PlantWet Digestion of Organic Waste Throughput: 80.000 t/yHydrolysis: Ø = 16,22 m; H = 5,60 m3 x Hygenization: Ø = 3,20 m; H = 6,50 m2 x Fermenter: Ø = 16,11 m; H = 16,80 mDigestate: Ø = 21,35 m; H = 5,60 mCHP: 836 kWel./1.010 kWtherm

Operational: 10/02

Biogas Plant Albersdorf, Germany

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Baltic BiogasRotermanni 8

EST-10111 Tallinn 

BiogasanlageWet digestion of manure, solid waste and organic matter, two-step, mesophil 2 x Fermenter: 3.500 m³Digestate: 2.500 m³Output: 2,0 MWelektr.

Operational: 05/12

Biogas Plant Aravete, Estonia

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Swedish Biogas International AB Tippvägen SE-70594 Örebro

Biogas PlantAgro-industrial SSO, energy crops2 x Fermenter: Ø = 17,08 m; H = 18,27 m 2 x Digestate: Ø = 19,63 m; H = 8,47 mStorage: Ø = 28,17 m; H = 8,47 mGrain: Ø = 12,51 m; H = 14,00 mGlycerin: Ø = 4,27 m; H = 7,08 m

Notes:Gas upgrading of 1.200 m³ (2,5 MWel) to grid quality and CNG for vehicles,

Operational: 10/09

Biogas Plant Örebro, Sweden

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Biogas Plant Design & EngineeringAgricultural – CA: $1.35 billionOrganic Waste Streams – TBD Agro Food Processors – CA: $400 millionBiofuel / Advanced Biofuel – US: $11-35 billion

EquipmentRoof, Impeller, Gas DomeDHXCold Storage

Biological and Operational ServicesProject Development

Farmatic Activities in the US

Stand 04/2012 12

Nutrients and trace elements supplimentation

Input Trace elements

pH

Val

ue

Test duration [h]

Hyd

raul

ik R

eten

tion

Tim

e [d

]

Gas

pro

duct

ion

[L/L

/d]

Gas production

pH-Value

hydr. Retention Time

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Biogas Plant Portland, OR – 500 t/d Design Specs

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Farmatic References – 50 years, 300 projects

Biology is key to performance

Differences between Europe and the US

Waste-to-Energy to New Fuels

Nutrients and trace elements supplimentation

Input Trace elements

pH

Val

ue

Test duration [h]

Hyd

raul

ik R

eten

tion

Tim

e [d

]

Gas

pro

duct

ion

[L/L

/d]

Gas production

pH-Value

hydr. Retention Time

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Polymere Carbohydrates ProteinsFat Inorganic Substances

MonomerCarbohydrates Amino Acids Long Chain

Fatty Acids

Hydrolyse

CO2 + H2 Acetate EthanolButyrate ValeriatePropionate

Acidogenesis

Acetogenesis

Pind et al: Monitoring and Control aof Anaerobic Reactors 2003

CH4 + CO2 + H2O

CO2 + H2 Acetate

Methanogenesis

Complex Particular Matter

Seconds toMinutes

Minutes to Days

Minutesto days

Hoursto Days

Kinetic Degradation of Substrates to Biogas

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Buswell Formula (USA, 1940)

CcHhOoNnSs + ¼(4c-h+2o+3n+2s) H2O 1/8(4c-h+2o+3n+2s) CO2

+ 1/8 (4c+h-2o-3n-2s) CH4

+ n NH3 + s H2S

Examples:Glucose C6H12O6

Betaine C5H11NO2

Fat ca. 67 % CH4 + 33 % CO2

Alcohol ca. 75 % CH4 + 25 % CO2

Protein ca. 70 % CH4 + 30 % CO2

Whey ca. 52 % CH4 + 48 % CO2

*Note the pH dependency of pCO2:

3 CH4 + CO2

3 CH4 + CO2 + NH3

Stochiometry of Microbiological Methane Formation

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Biogas Yields of Common Feed Stocks

Yield ForecastKTBL.DEBuswell

Fermentation TestVDI 4630, DIN 38414-8,

ISO 11 734

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Process parameters that influence the biology

Temperature

Organic Loading Rate

Alkalinity & pH

Trace element supply

Inhibiting Elements

Stirring <> Dry Matter Content <> Viscosity

Process Stability

Proper control of the microbiology assures the performance for biogas

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Farmatic References – 50 years, 300 projects

Biology is key to performance

Differences between Europe and the US

Waste-to-Energy to New Fuels

Nutrients and trace elements supplimentation

Input Trace elements

pH

Val

ue

Test duration [h]

Hyd

raul

ik R

eten

tion

Tim

e [d

]

Gas

pro

duct

ion

[L/L

/d]

Gas production

pH-Value

hydr. Retention Time

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•Anaerobic reversal of photosynthesis•3,000 year old “technology”•Base or peak load domestic energy•GHG negative•Eliminates Ag/compost odor•Grid-competitive at $3/W CapEx•7,500 biogas plants in Germany with

3.2 GW and 175,000 Nm3/h Biogas•Max. FIT in Germany: 16-24 c/kWh•Bioenergy in Germany is

3x Wind+Solar energy combined•3x energy yield per acre vs. liq. fuels•14% of all trash is food waste•30-40% of all MSW is digestable•RFS2: Biogas is an Advanced Biofuel

Some Facts on Biogas

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U.S. Biogas Potential and Cost by Vertical

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Livestock1

Current No. Digesters

Potential No. of Digesters

Power Potential

186

8,200

1,700 MW

Waste WaterTreatment1

Current No. Digesters

Potential No. of Digesters

Power Potential

1,500

3,250

750 MW

Million Tons per Year

Potential No. 5MW Digesters

Power Potential

34.75

350

1,750 MW

MSWFood Scraps2

Average US Cost per MW: $5.74 million1

Average Cost per Project: $12.6 million

Source: 1. American Biogas Council 2. MSW Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the US: Facts and Figures for 2010

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USA•Varying electricity cost3…12…40 c/kWh•Lack of water West of NE•Valuable crop lands in CA, HI•Long distances between resource and consumption•More waste, more energy need•Economies of scale•Competitive/oppressive market•Different waste definitions•Regulation•Variety of feedstock options

Europe•Dense population, logistics•No domestic fuel resources•Declared renewable goals•High energy cost (+15c/kWh)•Feed-in-tariffs•Surplus of Ag land, products•Waste disposal rules•State managed energy supply•Pull for renewables•30+ years track record•Research•Two feedstocks: silage, waste

The US is a different environment

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•Size

•Feedstocks

•Regulation (8+ agencies !)

•Project Development/Finance

•Economics

•Biogas use (CNG vs. Electric)

•Digestate as Fertilizer

Execution in the US will be very different from Europe