Transportation Research, Economics and Policy - Springer978-1-4419-7643-7/1.pdf · Werner...

Transportation Research, Economics and Policy

Series EditorsDavid GillenWerner Rothengatter

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/6647

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Werner Rothengatter • Yoshitsugu Hayashi Wolfgang SchadeEditors

Transport Moving to Climate Intelligence

New Chances for Controlling Climate Impacts of Transport after the Economic Crisis

ISSN 1572-4387ISBN 978-1-4419-7642-0 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-7643-7DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-7643-7Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London

Library of Congress Control Number: 2011924680

© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden.The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.

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EditorsWerner RothengatterInstitute for Economic Policy Research Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Waldhornstrasse 27, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany rothengatter@kit.edu

Yoshitsugu Hayashi International Research Center for Sustainable Transport and CitiesGraduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8603 C1-2(651) Japan yhayashi@genv.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Wolfgang SchadeFraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI) Sustainability and Infrastructure Systems Business Area Transportation SystemsBreslauer Strasse 48, 76139 Karlsruhe, Germanyw.schade@isi.fraunhofer.de

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Part I Climate Control: The Long-Term Challenge

1 Climate Control: The Long-Term Challenge ......................................... 3Werner Rothengatter, Yoshitsugu Hayashi, and Wolfgang Schade

Part II Economic Crisis: A Chance for Climate Friendly Innovations in the Transport Sector

2 Economic Crisis and Consequences for the Transport Sector .............. 9Werner Rothengatter

3 Transport in the Past and Current Climate Policy Regime .................. 29Wolfgang Schade

Part III Industrialized Countries: Experimental Protoyping

4 Low-Carbon Transport in a Developed Megalopolis: The Case of London .................................................................................. 41David Banister and Robin Hickman

5 Getting into the Right Lane for Low-Carbon Transport in the EU ..... 53Karst Geurs, Hans Nijland, and Bas van Ruijven

6 Japanese Efforts to Solve Environmental Problems with a Focus on the Transport Sector ..................................................... 73Motoyuki Suzuki, Yoshitsugu Hayashi, and Hirokazu Kato

Part IV Developing and Transition Countries: Changing from Followers to Leaders

7 Urban Transport and the Environment in Developing Countries: Complexities and Simplifications ......................................... 95Ali Huzayyin

Contents

vi Contents

8 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Urban Road Transport in Latin America: CO2 Reduction as a Co-Benefit of Transport Strategies ........................................................................... 111Lee Schipper, Elizabeth Deakin, and Carolyn McAndrews

9 Spatial Planning Strategy Towards Low-Carbon City in China ........ 129Haixiao Pan, Yang Tang, Jinyu Wu, Yuan Lu, and Yangfei Zhang

10 Transport and Energy: The Indian Perspective ................................... 147Sanjivi Sundar and Akshima T. Ghate

11 The Role of Rail Transport for Sustainable Urban Transport ........... 161Yoshitsugu Hayashi, Xianmin Mai, and Hirokazu Kato

12 Financing Technology Transfer ............................................................. 175Reiner Koblo

Part V Instruments for Carbon Mitigation Policy in the Transport Sector

13 Internalizing External Costs of Transport with a Focus on Climate Change .................................................................................. 187Patrick Jochem and Werner Rothengatter

14 Downstream Emissions Trading for Transport .................................... 209Charles Raux

15 Passenger Mobility and Climate Constraints: Planning for Adaptive Mitigation Strategies ........................................................ 227Hector G. Lopez-Ruiz and Yves Crozet

16 Potential of Biofuels to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions of the European Transport Sector ......................................................... 243Burkhard Schade, Tobias Wiesenthal, Stephan Hubertus Gay, and Guillaume Leduc

17 Technological Potential for CO2 Emission Reductions of Passenger Cars .................................................................................... 271Michael Krail and Wolfgang Schade

viiContents

Part VI Policy Conclusions

18 Transport, Environment, and Institutions: Why Good Science, Engineering, and Economics Fail?.......................................... 291Louis S. Thompson

19 Converting the Unconverted and Establishing Financial Incentives ................................................................................ 305Werner Rothengatter, Yoshitsugu Hayashi, and Wolfgang Schade

Index ................................................................................................................. 307

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David Banister Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK david.banister@ouce.ox.ac.uk

Yves Crozet l’Université de Lyon et Laboratoire d’économie des Transports (LET), Président de l’Observatoire Energie Environnement des Transports (OEET), LET-ISH, 14, Avenue Berthelot, 69363 Lyon, France yves.crozet@let.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr

Elizabeth Deakin University of California Transportation Center, 228 Wurster Hall, Berkeley, CA, USA edeakin@berkey.edu

Stephan Hubertus Gay European Commission, Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transport Unit, Seville, Spain; Edificio Expo – c/Inca Garcilaso, 341092 Seville, Spain Hubertus.GAY@ec.europa.eu

Karst Geurs Department of Civil Engineering, Centre for Transport Studies, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands k.t.geurs@utwente.nl

Akshima T. Ghate Centre for Research on Sustainable Urban Development and Transport Systems, The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi 110003, India akshima@teri.res.in

Contributors

x Contributors

Yoshitsugu Hayashi International Research Center for Sustainable Transport and Cities, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan yhayashi@genv.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Robin Hickman Transport Studies Unit, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK robin.hickman@ouce.ox.ac.uk

Ali Huzayyin Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt ali_huzayyin@yahoo.com

Patrick Jochem Institute for Industrial Production (IIP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstr. 12, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany jochem@kit.edu

Hirokazu Kato Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan kato@genv.nagoya-u.ac.jp

Reiner Koblo KfW Entwicklungsbank (KfW Development Bank), L3c2 Sector Division Transport and Communication Asia, Palmengarten 5-9, 60325 Frankfurt, Germany reiner.koblo@kfw.de

Michael Krail Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Sustainability and Infrastructure Systems, Breslauer Strasse 48, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany m.krail@isi.fraunhofer.de

Guillaume Leduc European Commission, Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transport Unit, Seville, Spain; Edificio Expo – c/Inca Garcilaso, 341092 Seville, Spain, Guillaume Guillaume.LEDUC@ec.europa.eu

Hector G. Lopez-Ruiz Laboratory of Transport Economics (LET), LET-ISH, 14, Avenue Berthelot, 69363 Lyon, France hector.lopez-ruiz@let.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr

xiContributors

Yuan Lu Department of Architecture and Fine Art, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3# Shangyuan Cun, Haidian District, Beijing, China luyuanup@gmail.com

Xianmin Mai Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan xianminmai@gmail.com

Carolyn McAndrews Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholar, Department of Population Health Sciences, Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 707 WARF, 610 Walnut Street, Madison, WI 53726, USA cmcandrews@wisc.edu

Hans Nijland Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bilthoven, The Netherlands hans.nijland@mnp.nl

Haixiao Pan Department of Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China hxpank@online.sh.cn

Charles Raux LET (Laboratoire d’Economie des Transports), CNRS and University of Lyon, ISH, 14 Avenue Berthelot, 69007, Lyon, France charles.raux@let.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr

Werner Rothengatter Institute for Economic Policy Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Waldhornstrasse 27, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany rothengatter@kit.edu

Bas van Ruijven Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, Bilthoven, The Netherlands b.j.vanruijven@chem.uu.nl

Burkhard Schade European Commission, Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transport Unit, Edificio Expo – c/Inca Garcilaso, 341092 Seville, Spain Burkhard.SCHADE@ec.europa.eu

xii Contributors

Wolfgang Schade Fraunhofer Institute for Systems and Innovation Research (ISI), Breslauer Strasse 48, 76139, Karlsruhe, Germany w.schade@isi.fraunhofer.de

Lee Schipper Global Metropolitan Studies, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA schipper@berkeley.edu

Sanjivi Sundar The Energy and Resources Institute, Darbari Seth Block, IHC Complex, Lodi Road, New Delhi, India ssundar@teri.res.in

Motoyuki Suzuki Central Environmental Council of Japan, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan suzuki@ouj.ac.jp

Louis S. Thompson Thompson, Galenson and Associates, LLC, 14684 Stoneridge Drive, Saratoga, CA, USA lthompson@alum.mit.edu

Yang Tang Department of Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China tangier81@gmail.com

Tobias Wiesenthal European Commission, Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies, Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transport Unit, Seville, Spain; Edificio Expo – c/Inca Garcilaso, 341092 Seville, Spain Tobias.WIESENTHAL@ec.europa.eu

Jinyu Wu Urban Design Section, Shanghai Fudan Urban Planning and Design Institute, Shanghai No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, China wjy_tj@163.com

Yangfei Zhang Department of Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China wilma_zyf@hotmail.com