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Thinking Themes: Path to Federation
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www.macmillan.com.au Samantha Frappell
Activities to switch on thinking skills!Activities to switch on thinking skills!
45 photocopiable pages
ages
10+Thinking Themes is a practical series packed with exciting, ready-to-use activities for popular Curriculum topics. Every activity is cross-referenced to Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences and to Bloom’s Taxonomy of thinking skills.
Use the activities as a learning centre, or add them to an inquiry unit. However you use the series, it will enable you to:• consciouslyandsystematicallyincorporate
thinking skills into your program• ensurethatyourstudentsworkacrossthe
intelligences as active investigators• covertheskillsoftheAustralianCurriculum.
The perfect partners . . .
ISBN
978
1 4
202
9387
6
ISBN
978
1 4
202
9351
7
About the author
Dr Samantha Frappell is an author, historian and teacherwithaPhDinAustralianHistory.Shehaswritten numerous history books for students, ranging from primary to senior secondary school level.
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Samantha Frappell
ages
10+
Activities to switch on thinking skills!
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First published in 2012 by
MACMILLAN EDUCATION AUSTRALIA PTY LTD15–19 Claremont Street, South Yarra, Vic 3141
Visit our website at www.macmillan.com.au
Associated companies and representatives throughout the world.
Copyright © Samantha Frappell/Macmillan Education Australia 2012Thinking Themes: Path to Federation Ages 10+
ISBN 978 1 4202 9867 3Publisher: Sharon DalgleishManaging editors: Bonnie Wilson, Janne GalbraithEditor: Sarah PayneProduction controller: Janine BidermanDesign and illustrations: Nice Stuff
Printed in Australia by TYPO Corporate Services, South Melbourne
Copying of this work by educational institutions or teachersYou may reproduce pages within this book in accordance with the Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) and provided the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to the Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act.
For details of the CAL licence for educational institutions, contact:Copyright Agency LimitedLevel 15, 233 Castlereagh StreetSydney NSW 2000Telephone: (02) 9394 7600Facsimile: (02) 9394 7601Email: info@copyright.com.au
Reproduction and communication for other purposesExcept as permitted under the Act (for example, any fair dealing for the purposes of study, research, criticism or review), no part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, communicated or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission. All inquiries should be made to the publisher.
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Path to Federation 4
Models of federalism 30
Origins of Australian democracy 35
Democracy in action 40
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Thinking Themes: Path to Federation Ages 10+ © Samantha Frappell/Macmillan Education Australia. ISBN 978 1 4202 9867 3
Task 1
Make a time line of the events leading to Australia’s Federation, using the dates below. For each date, write the event and a brief description of what happened.
IntelligenceLogical-mathematical
Thinking skillUnderstanding
Path to Federation
Event
Event
Event
Event
Event
Description
Description
Description
Description
Description
Event
Event
Event
Event
Description
Description
Description
Description
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Task 2
IntelligenceIntrapersonal
Thinking skillAnalysing
Imagine you are living in your home state in 1899 (or 1900 for Western Australia) and that you are one of the following people. Tick the person that you choose.
an Indigenous Australian
a merchant
a farmer
a campaigner of voting rights for women
Write a paragraph about how you would have voted in your state’s Federation referendum.In your paragraph, state:• howFederationwouldbenefitordisadvantageyourhomestate• howFederationwouldbenefitordisadvantageyoupersonally.
Path to Federation
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State
New South Wales
Queensland
South Australia
Tasmania
Victoria
Western Australia
Adult men of British descent
Adult women of British descent
Indigenous Australians
People of non-British descent
Poor people Children
IntelligenceLogical-mathematical
Thinking skillEvaluating
Task 3
More than half of all adult Australians were unable to vote in the Federation referendums held in 1899 and 1900.
Use the internet or your school library to complete the table. Use a tick to show who was able to vote in each of the states.
Path to Federation
Do you think the vote for Federation represented the will of most Australians? Why or why not?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Of the people who were eligible to vote, only 60% did vote. Of those who voted, 72% voted for Australia to become a federation. But if all eligible voters were counted, only 43% of eligible voters actually voted for Federation.
What do you think this shows about the importance of the Federation issue for people who were eligible to vote?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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IntelligenceVisual-spatial
Thinking skillAnalysing
Task 4
Why did people vote for Federation? List as many reasons as you can why people voted for Federation.
Path to Federation
Which reason do you think would be the most persuasive? __________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now, design a poster based on that idea to convince people to vote for Federation. Remember to use a large eye-catching heading and bold colours.
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Thinking Themes: Path to Federation Ages 10+ © Samantha Frappell/Macmillan Education Australia. ISBN 978 1 4202 9867 3
Queensland
State
New South Wales
South Australia
Tasmania
Victoria
Western Australia
Number of votes ‘for’
107 420 82 741
38 488 30 996
65 990 17 053
13 437 791
152 653 9805
44 800 19 691
Number of votes ‘against’
IntelligenceLogical-mathematical
Thinking skillRemembering
Task 5
The table shows the outcome of the Federation referendums. All states voted in 1899 except for Western Australia, which voted in 1900.
Make a vertical column graph showing how each state voted in the 1899 and 1900 referendums. Use two columns for each state. One column will show votes ‘for’ and the other column will show votes ‘against’. Choose one colour for ‘for’ and another colour for ‘against’.
Path to Federation
What two states had the most support for Federation?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What two states had the most opposition to Federation?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
NSW QLD SA TAS VIC WA
Title Key
Number of votes ‘for’
Number of votes ‘against’
Num
ber
of
vote
s (1
000s)
200
150
100
50
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IntelligenceBodily-kinaesthetic
Thinking skillApplying
Task 6
Imagine you are the leader of Budget Federation Tours — the Federation tour that’s convenient, educational, fun and free. Your tour will visit six stops. Each stop will represent a location where a key event in Australia’s achievement of Federation happened.
1 Write a card for each stop to explain what happened there on the date shown.
Path to Federation
2 On the back of this page, draw a map of your school. Design a ‘Federation tour path’ on the map. Choose a place in the school to represent each stop on the tour. Write the names of the tour stops on your map.
3 Use cardboard or paper to make a sign for each tour stop. 4 Ask your teacher for permission to stick up your signs at the tour stops along the tour path.
Then, conduct a ‘Federation tour’ for some of your classmates. Use the fact cards to tell them about what happened at each tour stop.
Parliament (Westminster), London, England, 1885
Parliament House, Sydney, NSW, 1891
Adelaide, SA, 1897
Tenterfield, NSW, 1889
Corowa, NSW, 1893
Centennial Park, Sydney, NSW, 1901©
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Research area
Population Colour the map to show population density across Australia.
Resources Draw the location of Australia’s main mineral resources on the map.
Rainfall Colour the map to show the average rainfall across Australia.
Topography Draw Australia’s main rivers and mountain ranges on the map.
Task Group member
IntelligenceInterpersonal
Thinking skillApplying
Task 7
Work in a group of four. Imagine your group has been asked to redraw the boundaries of the six Australian states that form the federation.
1 Before your group can decide where the new boundaries will be, each group member must complete one research area.
Path to Federation
Research area map
New state boundaries map
2 In your group, decide which of the four research areas is the most important for defining the new state boundaries. Then, draw the new state boundaries so that each state has a fair share.
3 As a group, decide if these new state boundaries would have made Federation easier to achieve or more difficult.
easier more difficult
Why? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Australians all let us rejoice,For we are young and free;We’ve golden soil and wealth for toil;Our home is girt by sea;Our land abounds in nature’s giftsOf beauty rich and rare;In history’s page, let every stageAdvance Australia Fair.In joyful strains then let us sing,Advance Australia Fair.
Beneath our radiant Southern CrossWe’ll toil with hearts and hands;To make this Commonwealth of oursRenowned of all the lands;For those who’ve come across the seasWe’ve boundless plains to share;With courage let us all combineTo Advance Australia Fair.In joyful strains then let us sing,Advance Australia Fair.
‘Advance Australia Fair’ by Peter Dodds McCormick, © Commonwealth of Australia
IntelligenceMusical-rhythmic
Thinking skillEvaluating
Task 8
‘Advance Australia Fair’ was sung by a 10 000-voice choir at the inauguration of Australia’s Federation in 1901. It became Australia’s national anthem in 1984.
Path to Federation
Read the anthem verses. Does the anthem mention anything about Federation?
Yes No
What does the anthem celebrate about Australia? _______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Write your own verse of ‘Advance Australia Fair’ to commemorate Australia’s Federation. You might like to refer to the different states, the referendums or to key people involved in the Federation process.
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IntelligenceBodily-kinaesthetic
Thinking skillCreating
Task 9
Design a menu for dignitaries to celebrate Federation. Write a six-course menu for the dinner.
The dinner must include:• appetiser
(small snack)• soup• entree• mainmeal• dessert• cheeseand
fruit platter.
You can choose to represent six different ethnic groups that were living in Australia at the time of Federation in 1901 (for example, Indigenous Australians, Chinese, English, Irish, Italian and Scottish). Or, you could include a menu item to represent each state.
Path to Federation
Now try this . . . If possible, cook one of the menu items to share with the class.
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Feature of celebration
Street decorations (streamers)
Street parade
Tiered outdoor seating for spectators
Formal ceremony in Centennial Park
New arrangements
IntelligenceNaturalistic
Thinking skillAnalysing
Task 10
Use the internet or your school library to find out Sydney’s average temperature in January. Then, find out what the weather was like for Federation Day in Sydney.
The average temperature for Sydney is __________________________________________
The weather in Sydney on 1 January 1901 was ___________________________________________________________________________
Find a photograph of people watching or participating in the ceremony. Consider their clothing and the crowds. How might the weather affect their feelings about the day?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How would different weather have affected the photographs taken on the day?
Stifling heat of 40 °C ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A cold windy day of 15 °C ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Imagine you are in charge of celebrations for the sesquicentenary of Federation in 2051. You are planning a re-enactment of 1901’s Federation Day celebrations. The forecast is for thunderstorms, rain and wind. What changes will you make to the celebrations so that participants can cope with the weather?
Path to Federation
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Display section Group member
Important events leading to Federation (entrance to park)
Arguments for and against Federation
Key people
Federation Day celebrations (exit from park)
IntelligenceInterpersonal
Thinking skillCreating
Task 11
Work in a group of four. Design a fun and educational theme park to teach school students about Federation. The park needs to include four display sections. Each group member is responsible for designing one section of the theme park.
Path to Federation
Now, draw a labelled map of your section of the theme park.
Cut out your map. Join your map with those of your other group members to make your theme park complete. Draw walkways that line up between the sections.
Name of section
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Site chosen
IntelligenceNaturalistic
Thinking skillApplying
Task 12
Path to Federation
Make your slides and present your slide show to the class.
Would you like to travel to your chosen Federation Tour site? Why or why not?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nearby national parks or nature areas Local historical sites related to Federation
Other points of interest or tourist activities
Make a slide show to inform your class about one of these Federation Tour sites: • Corowa,NSW• Tenterfield,NSW• Adelaide,SAPlan the information that you will include on each slide, as well as any images. Your slide show must include the following information:
Season
Summer
Autumn
Winter
Spring
Temperature range
Local weather throughout the year
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IntelligenceNaturalistic
Thinking skillCreating
Task 13
Design a garden to commemorate Australia’s Federation. Think about what plants you might use to represent the former colonies, statues or sculptures to include that commemorate important people and events, water features, and the shape of the pathways around the garden. Sketch the garden and label its features.
Path to Federation
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Thinking Themes: Path to Federation Ages 10+ © Samantha Frappell/Macmillan Education Australia. ISBN 978 1 4202 9867 3
To the Right Honourable Richard Seddon, Prime Minister of New Zealand.
Dear Sir,
IntelligenceIntrapersonal
Thinking skillEvaluating
Task 14
New Zealand was originally invited to be part of the Australian Federation, but decided not to join.
Use the internet or your school library to find out two reasons why New Zealand decided not to join.
Path to Federation
Now, write a letter to Richard Seddon, New Zealand’s Prime Minister in 1901. You can either agree with the decision not to join the Federation or try and convince him to join.
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Thinking Themes: Path to Federation Ages 10+ © Samantha Frappell/Macmillan Education Australia. ISBN 978 1 4202 9867 3
IntelligenceVisual-spatial
Thinking skillEvaluating
Task 15
Imagine you have been asked to design a new label for the South Australian Jam Company. The label will be released on 1 January 1901. The South Australian Jam Company hopes that the new label will help to sell their jam all over Australia.
Think about how you can design a label that appeals to people from all the states. Write some ideas in the box.
Use your ideas to design a label for your jam jar.
Path to Federation
Why do you think a company such as a jam manufacturer might have supported Federation?
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
Ideas
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IntelligenceInterpersonal
Thinking skillApplying
Task 16
Imagine you are Henry Parkes. Write a letter to your daughter Clarinda (also known as ‘Menie’) who lives in England. Explain why you are working for Federation in Australia. Look carefully at the date. What has Henry Parkes been doing in the last few years? Mention some of these activities in your letter.
Path to Federation
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Why should not the name of an Australian citizen be equal to that of a Briton? . . . Why should not the name of an Australian citizen be equal to that of a citizen of the proudest country under the sun? . . . But there is something more. Make yourselves a united people, appear before the world as one, and the dream of going home would die away . . . We should have a home within our shores.
IntelligenceMusical-rhythmic
Thinking skillCreating
Task 17
Read the following extract from Henry Parkes’ speech given at the Australasian Federation Conference in 1890.
Tune
Path to Federation
You have been asked to write a song for the school choir about Federation, using Henry Parkes’ words as inspiration. Choose a well-known tune to set your words to. For example, ‘Waltzing Matilda’ or ‘I am Australian’.
Now, write the title and the words for your song.
Song title
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IntelligenceVerbal-linguistic
Thinking skillRemembering
Task 18
There was significant opposition to Federation from all states, especially New South Wales and Victoria.
Complete the fact cards for each state. Write one reason each state gave for opposing Federation.
Reason for opposing Federation
Reason for opposing Federation
Reason for opposing Federation
Reason for opposing Federation
Reason for opposing Federation
Reason for opposing Federation
Path to Federation
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Thinking Themes: Path to Federation Ages 10+ © Samantha Frappell/Macmillan Education Australia. ISBN 978 1 4202 9867 3
IntelligenceMusical-rhythmic
Thinking skillApplying
Task 19
Today, it is compulsory to vote at referendums, but before 1924 it was voluntary. Only 60% of eligible voters actually voted in the Federation referendums of 1899 and 1900.
Imagine you have been asked to write a short jingle to encourage people to vote at the 1899 referendum. Remember, you do not need to tell people how to vote. You need to tell people why it is important that they do vote.
Brainstorm reasons why people should vote.
Path to Federation
Choose some music to set your jingle to. You could choose a well-known theme or song.
Write a catchphrase or slogan for your jingle.
Now, write your jingle.
Tune
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• IntroduceAlfredDeakintoyourlisteners.• Askhimthreequestionsabouthisinvolvement
in the Federation movement.• Writehisreplytoeachofyourquestions.• Concludeyourinterviewbythankingyourguest.
IntelligenceVerbal-linguistic
Thinking skillApplying
Task 20
Alfred Deakin was a great supporter of the Federation movement. He helped to write the Australian Constitution and was our second Prime Minister.
Imagine you are the host of a radio program called ‘Talking ’Bout our Federation’.
You have just interviewed Alfred Deakin. Write the transcript for the radio interview.
Path to Federation
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Name of state capital Distance from Canberra
247 km
467 km
860 km
942 km
960 km
3095 km
IntelligenceBodily-kinaesthetic
Thinking skillEvaluating
Task 21
At first, Western Australia was reluctant to join the Federation. It was an isolated colony with a small population, separated from the eastern colonies by an enormous stretch of desert. It took five days’ travel by steamship to reach the eastern colonies and the only means of communication was the Overland Telegraph. When the other five colonies agreed to federate in 1899, Western Australia decided to hold its own referendum for Federation in 1900. The referendum was successful.
Complete the table to show the distance between each capital city and Canberra.
Path to Federation
Work in a group of seven to play ‘Overland Telegraph’. One player is the prime minister and the other six are state premiers. The prime minister stands at one end of the playground or school oval. Each premier divides the distance from their state capital to Canberra by 100 000, then stands at that distance from the prime minister. For example, Sydney is 247 km from Canberra, so the premier of New South Wales stands 2.47 m from the prime minister.
Each premier thinks of a message for the prime minister. Then, one at a time, each premier tells their message to the player beside them who is nearest the prime minister. The message is delivered from player to player until it reaches the prime minister, who writes it down.
What was the outcome of the game? Was everyone’s message delivered accurately?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
How did the person playing as the premier of Western Australia feel during the game?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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IntelligenceVisual-spatial
Thinking skillCreating
Task 22
Voting was not compulsory in 1899. People who voted in the Federation referendum received a special certificate. The certificate was very detailed, with ornate writing and beautiful pictures.
Research to find a picture of a voter’s certificate. Then, design your own commemorative certificate. What images will you include? Think about using images that symbolise Federation, such as Australian native animals and plants, portraits of all the colonial premiers or a map of Australia.
Path to Federation
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Thinking Themes: Path to Federation Ages 10+ © Samantha Frappell/Macmillan Education Australia. ISBN 978 1 4202 9867 3
State Group member
New South Wales
Queensland
South Australia
Tasmania
Victoria
Western Australia
IntelligenceInterpersonal
Thinking skillEvaluating
Task 23
Work in a group of six. Decide which group member will represent each of the six states that formed the Australian federation.
Path to Federation
Each group member needs to prepare a short statement (two or three sentences) declaring how Federation would benefit their state.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Share your statement with the group.
As a group, decide which state will benefit the most from Federation.
We think that ___________________________________________________________________________________ will benefit the most because
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
As a group, decide which state will benefit the least from Federation.
We think that ___________________________________________________________________________________ will benefit the least because
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ .
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Thinking Themes: Path to Federation Ages 10+ © Samantha Frappell/Macmillan Education Australia. ISBN 978 1 4202 9867 3
Issue Ranking
A uniform railway gauge across Australia
Immigration control
Federal government’s spending of the taxes raised in each state
Method of representation of states in the Senate
Voting rights for women
Defence
Location of the new federal capital city
Issue Ranking
A uniform railway gauge across Australia
Immigration control
Federal government’s spending of the taxes raised in each state
Method of representation of states in the Senate
Voting rights for women
Defence
Location of the new federal capital city
IntelligenceInterpersonal
Thinking skillUnderstanding
Task 24
In the table, there are seven important issues that were related to the Federation question. Decide how you would rank each issue in order of importance. A ranking of 1 means it is the most important and 7 is the least important. Record your rankings in the table.
Now, work in a group of three. Discuss your rankings with the other two people in your group. Do you all have the same rankings? If not, work together to come up with a table of rankings that you all agree with. Record your group rankings in the table.
Why did your group decide that the issue you placed at rank 1 was more important than the issue at rank 4?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Why did your group decide that the issue you placed at rank 6 was less important than the issue at rank 2?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Chose a spokesperson for your group. Explain your group’s choice of rank 1 to the class.
Path to Federation
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So far as I am concerned, with all the criticisms I have levelled at this Federation bill, with all the fears I have for the future, I feel I cannot become a deserter from the cause of Federation. (Loud and prolonged cheers) I cannot take up this bill with enthusiasm. (Hear, hear) I see serious blots in it . . . I consider my duty to Australia demands me to record a vote in favour of the bill.
Source: Sydney Morning Herald, 29 March 1898.
IntelligenceIntrapersonal
Thinking skillUnderstanding
Task 25
Path to Federation
On the evening of 28 March 1898, New South Wales Premier George Reid gave a speech about the Federation issue at the Sydney Town Hall. Reid was in favour of Federation, but he was concerned that New South Wales might be disadvantaged by federal taxes and by having the same number of senators as other states, despite having a larger population.
Here is an extract from the speech:
After this speech, George Reid was nicknamed ‘Yes-No Reid’.
Using a red pencil, underline the part of the speech where Reid appears to be agreeing with the Federation bill. Using a blue pencil, underline the part of the speech where Reid appears to be disagreeing with the Federation bill.
Imagine you have just arrived home after attending the speech. Write a diary entry explaining how you feel about George Reid and his speech. How did the audience react? Has he helped you decide how you will vote?
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Talking point Group member
Nearness to most of the state capital cities
Historical importance regarding Federation
Natural attributes (rivers, mountains, beaches, forests)
Ports, rail and road links, airport
IntelligenceInterpersonal
Thinking skillAnalysing
Task 26
Path to FederationIn 1908, Canberra was chosen as Australia’s capital city.
Work in a group of four. Brainstorm the pluses and minuses of Canberra as the site for the national capital. Each group member is to research and lead the discussion on one of the talking points below.
Canberra
Alternative location:
Record your findings.
As a group, think of another place that could have been chosen for Australia’s capital city. Assess your alternative location using the same talking points as before. Record your research.
Pluses
Pluses
Minuses
Minuses
As a group, discuss each group member’s research about the two locations. Decide which location your group thinks is best for the nation’s capital.
Canberra Our alternative choice __________________________________________________________________________
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Country Name of plant/plants What they represent
Australia
United States of America
IntelligenceNaturalistic
Thinking skillUnderstanding
Task 27
Use the internet or your school library to find pictures of the Australian coat of arms and the coat of arms for the United States of America. Draw or paste a picture of each coat of arms in the spaces provided.
Models of federalism
Why were the animals chosen for each nation’s coat of arms?
What plants are included in each coat of arms? What do these plants represent?
The Australian animals were chosen because The American animals were chosen because
What other symbols are included in the coats of arms that indicate a federation of states?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Australia United States of America
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You could think about: • theheadofstate• howFederationwas
achieved• whattheUpper
House is called• whattheLower
House is called• thenumberofstates.
IntelligenceMusical-rhythmic
Thinking skillRemembering
Task 28
Make up a clapping game to describe some of the key differences between Australian and American models of federalism.
Write a four-line chant for your clapping game.
Models of federalism
Plan your clapping game sequence. Then, complete the key with symbols for all the different types of claps you will use.
Now, write the clapping sequence for each line of the chant. Include the number of each type of clap and the volume.
claps by self
diagonal hand claps with partner
opposite hand claps with partner
Key
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Number of states
Head of state
Names of Houses
of Parliament or Congress
Federal coat of arms
Relationship between state and federal government
IntelligenceMusical-rhythmic
Thinking skillAnalysing
Task 29
Models of federalism Write a rap for an American
or an Australian citizen. Compare the two federations.
Now, compose a rap that claims that your chosen federation is the best.
Rap title
Perform the rap for the class.
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Introduction Ask and answer the questions Conclusion
Role
Interviewer
Prime Minister of Australia
President of the United States
Group member
Interview questions1 When did your country federate?2 How many states are in your country’s federation?3 How did your country become a federation?4 Are you the head of state of your country?5 Do the state governments in your country have their own responsibilities
that are independent of the federal government?
IntelligenceInterpersonal
Thinking skillRemembering
Task 30
Work in a group of three to plan a television interview program called Celebrity Feds.
Choose one group member to be the interviewer. The other two group members will be the panellists.
One panellist will be the Prime Minister of Australia and the other will be the President of the United States of America.
Complete the task for your role, as shown below.
Models of federalism
Perform your program for the class. Use this format:
On the back of this page, write an introduction and a conclusion to the
program. Your introduction should briefly explain the program and introduce yourself and your panellists. The
conclusion should thank the panellists and sign off.
Research the answers your character might give to the interview questions listed below. Write these answers on the back of this page. You will give these answers during the interview
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Aspect of federal government
Head of state
Head of government
Date of federation
Method by which federation was achieved
Number of states in federation today
Type of government (bicameral or unicameral)
Name of Upper House
Name of Lower House
Do states have independence from the federal government?
Does the country have a constitution?
Does the country have a bill of rights?
Australia United States of America
IntelligenceLogical-mathematical
Thinking skillAnalysing
Task 31
Use the internet or your school library to research Australian and American federalism and complete the table.
Models of federalism
What is a bill of rights? __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What aspects of American and Australian federalism are the same or similar?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What aspects of American and Australian federalism are different?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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IntelligenceNaturalistic
Thinking skillRemembering
Task 32
What is the difference between bicameral and unicameral parliaments?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Complete the boxes to show which countries have bicameral parliaments and which have unicameral parliaments.
Draw a native animal to represent each country.
Origins of Australian democracy
Type of parliament
__________________________________________
Native animal
Type of parliament
__________________________________________
Native animal
Type of parliament
__________________________________________
Native animal
Type of parliament
__________________________________________
Native animal
Type of parliament
__________________________________________
Native animal
Type of parliament
__________________________________________
Native animal
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_______________________________________________________________________
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IntelligenceIntrapersonal
Thinking skillRemembering
Task 33
Origins of Australian democracy
Imagine you are King John I of England. Every week, you write a column for The Medieval Times newspaper. This week you signed the Magna Carta. Write a column about why you signed the charter, what rights the barons will now enjoy and how you feel about signing the charter.
Illustrate the article with a picture of yourself signing the charter.
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IntelligenceVerbal-linguistic
Thinking skillAnalysing
Task 34
Origins of Australian democracyA new multicultural nation of people
has been established on Antarctica. The people are discussing which form of government they will adopt. They are trying to decide between an absolute monarchy and a constitutional monarchy. Write an article for their newspaper, The Frozen Morning Herald, to persuade them to adopt a constitutional monarchy, like Australia.
Think about the negative aspects of an absolute monarchy and the positive aspects of a constitutional monarchy and brainstorm your ideas.
Now, write your article.
Negative aspects of an absolute monarchy Positive aspects of a constitutional monarchy
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______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________
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IntelligenceBodily-kinaesthetic
Thinking skillUnderstanding
Task 35
How did Australia come to have a parliamentary democracy? Create a slide show presentation which explains the major events in the development of ‘parliament’ as an institution.
Plan your slide show using the important years listed below as a guide. Explain why each year was significant to the development of parliamentary democracy.
Origins of Australian democracy
Now, make your slide show and present it to the class.
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King John I of England had lost a lot of land in wars with the French.
He made the nobles pay large taxes to pay for more wars.
The nobles rebelled and captured the city of London.
King John agreed to meet the nobles at Runnymede.
King John was forced to sign a charter that gave freedom from unfair taxes and forbade the King from punishing anyone unless they broke the law.
IntelligenceVisual-spatial
Thinking skillRemembering
Task 36
Use the internet or your school library to find out about the Magna Carta. Then, draw a six-frame cartoon. Use the captions provided as a guide to show how the barons made King John I of England sign the Magna Carta. Remember to include speech bubbles.
Origins of Australian democracy
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HintRemember to make the
Senate red and the House of Representatives green.
IntelligenceBodily-kinaesthetic
Thinking skillRemembering
Task 37
Build a 3-D model of the inside of Australia’s Parliament House. Your model should include:• HouseofRepresentativesChamber• SenateChamber• CabinetRoom• PrimeMinister’s Office.
Sketch a floor plan of your model.
Democracy in action
Now, make the model.
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IntelligenceVisual-spatial
Thinking skillUnderstanding
Task 38
Democracy in actionWhat is meant by the term ‘separation of powers’?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Draw and label a diagram to explain the separation of powers in Australia’s parliamentary system.
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IntelligenceVerbal-linguistic
Thinking skillEvaluating
Task 39
Was Federation a good idea for your state or not?
List the advantages of Federation for your state
List the disadvantages of Federation for your state
Democracy in action
Write a discussion about the advantages and disadvantages of Federation for your state. In your conclusion, write whether you think it would be better or worse for your state if Federation had not succeeded.
List the main areas of government that the federal
government is responsible for
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The Parliament has . . . power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to . . . astronomical and meteorological observations.
Part V, the Australian Constitution
IntelligenceNaturalistic
Thinking skillEvaluating
Task 40
The importance of science to the Australian Federation was enshrined in the Australian Constitution in 1901.
Democracy in action
What role does the Parliament have towards astronomy and meteorology, according to the Australian Constitution?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Are there advantages to Australian scientists working together? Work with a partner to make a list of advantages.
Now, imagine that you are a scientist living at the time of the Federation debate. Write a brief speech to give at an intercolonial science conference, urging scientists to vote for Federation.
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Your brochure should contain the following information:1 number of
members of each House
2 how members are elected to each House
3 how many members of the House for each state
4 how long the House runs before another election
5 who can stand as a candidate for the House.
IntelligenceVerbal-linguistic
Thinking skillUnderstanding
Task 41
Imagine you have been asked to create a brochure for school students to explain the two Houses of Parliament. Your brochure should consist of a single piece of A4 paper, folded in half to make a booklet. You need to put a title page on the front. Your information and pictures should go on the other pages.
Plan the brochure. Don’t forget to include pictures to illustrate your brochure.
Democracy in action
Page 1
Back cover
Front cover
Page 2
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IntelligenceLogical-mathematical
Thinking skillApplying
Task 42
Imagine that you can make the rules to govern Australia. Write one law you would like to pass.
Democracy in action
Draw a flow diagram to show all the processes your law would have to undergo in order to be passed under the Australian parliamentary system.
Do you think everyone in Australia would like your law? Who might disagree with your law and why?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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In your blog you should discuss:• yourdutiesasAustralia’s head of state• howyoufeelaboutbeingAustralia’s head of state.
________________________________________________________________________
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IntelligenceIntrapersonal
Thinking skillCreating
Task 43
Imagine that you are the Queen or King of the Commonwealth. Create a blog page about your role as head of state.
Write your blog. Include a picture of yourself, with a caption that contains your official title.
Democracy in action
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–
–
–
–
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–
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+
+
+
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
points
Thinking skillApplying
Task 44
IntelligenceVisual-spatial
Design the cards and the rules for a game called ‘Westminster-mon’. Each card has: • anoverallpointvaluereflectingitsvalueasacard• apowertowieldforanothercard(pluscreditpoints)• apowertowieldagainstalowercard(plusdamagepoints).
Democracy in action
Make up the rules for a game to play with your cards. Your game can have more than one senator, member of parliament or citizen card if you like. Write the rules for your game. Make the cards you will need. Then, play the game with a partner or in a group.
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IntelligenceVerbal-linguistic
Thinking skillCreating
Task 45
Catherine Helen Spence was an author, campaigner for women’s suffrage and supporter of Federation. She was the only female candidate who stood for election to the first Federal Convention. In 1888 she wrote a book called A Week In the Future about what life might be like in 1988. She imagined there would be equality between men and women, better standards of health and education, no poverty, improved technology and an independent Australia.
Democracy in action
Now, write your story on a separate piece of paper.
Plan a story about a day in Australia’s future in 2088. What do you think will be different in the future? What changes to Australian society would you like to see?
Title
Orientation (characters and setting)
Complication
Series of events
Resolution
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www.macmillan.com.au Samantha Frappell
Activities to switch on thinking skills!Activities to switch on thinking skills!
45 photocopiable pages
ages
10+Thinking Themes is a practical series packed with exciting, ready-to-use activities for popular Curriculum topics. Every activity is cross-referenced to Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences and to Bloom’s Taxonomy of thinking skills.
Use the activities as a learning centre, or add them to an inquiry unit. However you use the series, it will enable you to:• consciouslyandsystematicallyincorporate
thinking skills into your program• ensurethatyourstudentsworkacrossthe
intelligences as active investigators• covertheskillsoftheAustralianCurriculum.
The perfect partners . . .
ISBN
978
1 4
202
9387
6
ISBN
978
1 4
202
9351
7
About the author
Dr Samantha Frappell is an author, historian and teacherwithaPhDinAustralianHistory.Shehaswritten numerous history books for students, ranging from primary to senior secondary school level.
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