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F.O.A. (Bellwork)• “Give me liberty or give me
death.” – Patrick Henry• Tell me what this quote means
with a one-sentence answer.
EQs
• What were the causes and consequences of the Revolutionary War? (8.5 spi 4)
• What were some of the major battles of the American Revolution? (8.5 spi 4)
Today
• Causes BrainPop• American Revolution pre-test• Notes on American Revolution• American Revolution BrainPop
Tomorrow
• In 2008, 58 percent of registered American voters actually voted. What would the founding fathers think of this?
After the Acts. . .• First Continental Congress
• Representatives from each of the 13 colonies (except GA) met in Philadelphia (Oct 1774)
• Some wanted violence (VA), but others were seeking peace with Britain (PA, NY)
• Compromised and wrote the Declaration of Rights (life, liberty, property, yadayadayada); sent it King George of England
• Patriots
• The Story• British looking to attack Concord, MA
to take over a weapons stock• Revere, a Patriot spy, hears about it
and decides to help alert the colonial militia• Small, local fighting force of citizens
• “One if by land, two if by sea.”• William Dawes also rides; Revere gets
captured
Lexington & Concord• First fighting happened in
Lexington, MA• Small exchange of gunfire; British win
this one very easily• Colonial troops retreat to Concord,
MA and prepare to fight• British Redcoats were an easy target• British forced to retreat back to
Boston
Second Continental Congress • Meets in May, 1775• Still divided, but willing to
compromise• Created the Continental Army and
appointed George Washington as its leader
• Olive Branch Petition• Last attempt at peace with King
Georgehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W-2ust5r89s&feature=related
Battle of Bunker Hill• Bunker Hill (June, 1775)
• Colonial troops attack from the top of a large hill; British troops are forced to retreat twice
• Redcoats eventually win, but lose twice as many men as the colonists
• Proved the colonists could fight with the British
Assignment• Do questions 1-4 all parts on page
116.• This assignment is due when you
enter class on Wednesday.
DECLARING INDEPENDENCE (almost)
• Thomas Paine & Common Sense• 1776• Englishman• Challenged the
idea of rule by monarch
• Claimed citizens should make the laws; against tyranny
• Written by Thomas Jefferson• Three major parts
• Part 1 argues that all people have unalienable rights (rights that cannot be taken away)• “Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness”• Raises the question of slavery
• Part 2 protests the unfair taxes and housing of troops in America
• Part 3 argues that the colonies have the right to break from England• Enlightenment idea of “social contract”
You gotta pick a side. . .
• Patriots were considered to be traitors
• Those who opposed the new Dec. of Independence were called Loyalists or Tories
• Both sides began recruiting Indians to fight; most sided with Britain
3 Groups left out. . .
• Women• Slaves• Indians
• The DOI says nothing about the rights of these groups.
Other battles. . .
• Trenton• Continental Army is in danger of
completely falling apart; needs a big-time victory
• Washington launches a surprise attack on German mercenaries at Trenton, NJ
• Victory at Trenton inspires more colonists to enlist in the army
• Saratoga• The British respond to Trenton by attempting
to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies; Generals Howe and Burgoyne (Redcoats) to attack from north and south to take New York
• Doesn’t work; Colonists take 8,000 prisoners
Strengths and Weaknesses
Colonial Forces
Strengths
-Fought for a cause they believed in
-Got help from European nations (France & Spain)
Weaknesses
-Untrained, poorly equipped soldiers
-Small navy
British Forces
Strengths
-Well-trained, well-equipped soldiers
-Large, powerful navy
Weaknesses
-Had to cross the Atlantic Ocean
-Used mercenaries as soldiers
Valley Forge (Winter, 1777)• Thousands of Patriot soldiers die at Valley
Forge, PA during the 1777-78 winter.• Somehow, the Patriot army becomes
stronger and tighter
Fighting in the South
• Fighting in the southern colonies was extremely brutal
• Redcoat soldiers not only fought soldiers but also destroyed crops, lands, and animals as they moved across the South
• The fall of Georgia and South Carolina to the Redcoats forced the Southern Patriots to fight a new way
Guerilla Warfare• Swift hit-and-run tactics attacks
that avoided large battles in open fields
• Francis Marion aka “Swamp Fox”
Final Battle• Yorktown
• Washington combined forces with the French to surround the British general Lord Cornwallis
CORNWALLIS
MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE
• Fighting at Yorktown continues for months• French ships prevented the British from
receiving supplies by water• Oct. 19, 1781 Cornwallis surrenders• British loss at Yorktown signals the end of
the Revolutionary War.
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