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The Road to Revolution (British Actions) By Mr. Casey

Path to Revolution: American Revolution

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Page 1: Path to Revolution: American Revolution

The Road to Revolution

(British Actions)

By Mr. Casey

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The Road to Revolution(American Actions)

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Vocabulary

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Parliament•(noun) Great Britain’s lawmaking

assembly

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tariff•(noun) a tax on imported goods

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protest•(verb) to speak out against

something

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petition•(noun) a document that people sign

that formally asks leaders to do or change something

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repeal•(verb) to do away with

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boycott•(verb) an organized refusal to buy

goods or services

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COLONIAL FEELINGS

• The colonists have been governing themselves for more than 100 years.

• Many colonists left Great Britain for freedom.

• Many colonists are several generations removed from Great Britain.

• King George and Parliament are 3,000 miles away.

• They follow British law but think of themselves as Americans. They don’t want a war, just equal rights and representation.

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BRITISH FEELINGS• These colonists should be loyal to the king.

• The colonists need to pay for the money spent during the French & Indian War (Seven Years War)

• They are subjects of the king. The laws we give them are the laws they should follow.

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Timeline of British actions!

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Timeline of American actions!

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1735TRIAL OF JOHN PETER

ZENGER*Printer of New York Weekly Journal - He is put in jail for printing true (not kind) stories about the royal governor, William Cosby.

*He sits in jail for 10 months before he is given a trial. Then, the governor disbars his attorneys so he won’t have a good lawyer to represent him in his trial and stacks the jury with people friendly to the governor.

The The governogoverno

r was r was corrupt. corrupt.

John Peter Zenger

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1735TRIAL OF JOHN PETER

ZENGER*Luckily for Zenger, his friends know important people and on the day of his trial Andrew Hamilton (the colony’s best lawyer) shows up to defend him.

*Establishes freedom of speech and press, giving the colonists the ability to publish cartoons, papers, and pamphlets criticizing the king.

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1763The Proclamation

of 1763*The king and Parliament don’t want issues with the Native Americans so the king issues a proclamation stating that colonists can’t settle west of the Appalachians.

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1763The Proclamation

of 1763*Colonists are angry; they just fought a war for that land.

*They head west, ignoring the proclamation, and settling in several areas west of the Appalachian Mountains.

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1764Sugar Act

*Taxed more imported goods like wine, coffee, and cambric

*Lowered the tax on molasses, but made sure the tax was collected by having a military presence and British tax courts.

*No trade with the French, Dutch, or Spanish

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1764Sugar Act

*Colonists boycott British goods

*James Otis writes “The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Approved” - He says, “No taxation without representation.”

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1764Currency Act

*Many British merchants had a hard time collecting on debts and bills owed to them. Colonial money was not stable. The colonies were no longer allowed to print their own money or issues “Bills of Credit.” *They depended on Great Britain for the currency they needed to trade.

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1764Currency Act

*Colonial governments begin writing petitions complaining about the currency of the colonies being controlled by England.

*Many merchants resort to smuggling and illegal trade since they can no longer purchase goods on credit or by using colonial money

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1765The Stamp Act

*To help pay for British troops in the colonies, Parliament passes the Stamp Act (first direct tax on colonists). Colonists must affix documents like newspapers, pamphlets, books, etc. with a stamp.

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1765The Stamp Act

*Sons of Liberty is formed (secret organization that meets to discuss ways to challenge the Stamp Act through intimidation and sabotage)*Mob attacks home of Mass. Chief Justice,Thomas Hutchinson*Business shuts down throughout the colonies *Patrick Henry and The House of Burgesses respond by writing the Stamp Act Resolves claiming that the colonies should not be taxed without representation.

*Stamp Act Congress sends a response to Parliament and the Crown (for the first time representatives from different colonies got together to discuss a united response)

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1765The Quartering

Act*Required colonists to house British soldiers in barracks built by the colonists. If there weren’t enough barracks, colonists were required to let soldiers live in inns, cellars, basements, barns, etc.

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1765The Quartering

Act*New York Assembly votes to ignore the act-Parliament suspends the governor’s right to sign new laws.

*Violence breaks out between the Sons of Liberty and soldiers across Boston an New York.

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1766

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1766Ben Franklin speaks

to Parliament - Stamp Act Repealed*Franklin speaks to Parliament warning that there could be war if the Stamp Act is not repealed. The act is repealed and the colonists celebrate in the streets.

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1766Stamp Act

Repealed, but...

... Declaratory Act Created!

*It states that Parliament has the right to pass laws on the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.”

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1767Townshend Acts

*Taxes on everyday goods such as glass,lead,paper,paints, and tea.

*The British send warships to Boston harbor and troops into Boston to enforce taxes.

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1767Townshend Acts

*New York and Boston merchants agree to boycott British goods

*1769-Rhode Island, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Philadelphia merchants join the boycott

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1770Boston Massacre

*Colonists surround and throw rocks at a few British troops. The troops fire on the crowd and kill five people. The first person killed is Crispus Attucks, a former slave.

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1770Boston Massacre

*Several colonists shot by British troops.

*Paul Revere’s famous print of the “Massacre” spreads anger and resentment throughout the colonies

“Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in Kings Street in Boston”

Paul Revere’s Engraving is great example of propaganda

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1770Repeal the

Townshend and Quartering Act

*Colonists successfully boycott Acts, forcing Parliament to repeal them

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1770Repeal the

Townshend and Quartering Act

*Ends the acts but leaves a small tax on tea

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1773Tea Act

*A three penny per pound tax on all imported tea. The act gave the British East India company an advantage over American competitors by allowing them to sell to anyone and sell at a lower price

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1773Boston Tea

Party

*In response to the Tea Act Samuel Adams and the Sons of Liberty organize the Boston Tea Party (convinces John Adams and John Hancock to join rebellion)

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1773Boston Tea

Party

*Colonists disguised as Mohawk Indians dump 342 containers of British tea into the harbor

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1774Coercive Acts(Intolerable

Acts)*This included the Massachusetts Government Act, Administration of Justice Act, Quartering Act, and Boston Port Act. *Shut down the port of Boston until they pay the money owed from the Boston Tea Party*Massachusetts is put under military rule

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1773Committee of

Correspondence

*The assemblies of several colonies decide it would be a good idea to keep the colonies informed and communicating through a system of correspondence.

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Coercive Acts(Intolerable Acts)

1774

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1774Quebec Act

*The British government extends the boundaries of Canada, attempting to take part of Massachusetts, Virginia, and Connecticut.

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1774The First Continental Congress

*Representatives from the colonies meet to discuss how they will address the Intolerable Acts

*Write the “Declaration of Rights and Grievances”

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1775“Give me liberty

or give me death!”

*Patrick Henry delivers a fiery speech to The Virginia House of Burgesses declaring that he is ready to fight

(Not everyone is swayed, some leaders are still loyal to the crown)

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1775New England

Restraining Act

*Parliament passes a law that requires New England colonies to trade only with England.

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1775Lexington &

Concord*British troops try to confiscate guns and ammunition. The first shots of the revolution are fired and the war begins.

“One if by land, two if by sea!”

Paul Revere, William Dawes, Samuel

Prescott and others ride to warn Adams, Hancock and other

patriots of the coming British!

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1775Lexington & Concord

*Colonial militia chase British troops back to Boston*15,000 American troops surround Bostonarmy

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1775Ethan Allen Captures Fort

Ticonderoga

*Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys capture a strategic fort without a shot being fired*They want the cannons of Fort T. for Bostons

*The Second Continental Congress places the colonies in a state of defense and appoints George Washington, commander of the new continental army

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1775Battle of Bunker

Hill

*British troops attack the hills surrounding Boston. They charge up Breed’s Hill. They are held off twice before overrunning the American lines. The British lose more than 1,000 men.

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1775Olive Branch

Petition Ignored

*The members of Parliament and the king ignore a peace settlement offered up by the colonists

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1776Common Sense

Thomas Paine, an Englishman, writes Common Sense

* It was written in plain language and argued that an island nation and one man should not rule a continent. * More than 100,000 copies are distributed throughout the colonies in three months. * It argues that the crown is 3,000 miles away and rules for itself. They are too far away to respond to the needs of the colonies and only care about themselves

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1776

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1776The Declaration of Independence

*Thomas Jefferson presents the Declaration of Independence (inspired by the ideas of John Locke and Thomas Paine)

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Big Ideas• There is unity in the colonies

• They have a governing body (Continental Congress) and leadership (George Washington, Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson,etc.)

• The theme of freedom and equality has spread throughout the colonies (Common Sense, European philosophers, James Otis’ and Patrick Henry’s speeches)

• The British know that they are in for a real fight (Lexington and Concord, Battle of Bunker Hill)

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There is no going back now!

Read Patrick Henry’s speech to the Virginia House of

Burgesses: New Nation p. 339