The Hornbostel Era. Key Issues Key Issues: New age of American campus design at the...

The Hornbostel Era

Key Issues

Key Issues:

• New age of American campus design at the turn-of-the-century.• New wealth and elevation of culture.• Additive growth (“Old Main” plus…) replaced by grand schemes.• American architects influenced by École des Beaux Arts (Paris).• Campuses adopt group plans of Beaux Arts planning.• Carnegie Tech founded in 1900 as secondary technical school.• Beaux Arts campus integrates technology and culture.• Imprint of Andrew Carnegie and architect Henry Hornbostel.• Recognition by the architectural press.

Carnegie Technical Schools Competition. 1904.

Carnegie Technical Schools Competition. 1904.

Carnegie Technical Schools Competition Program:

• Design of buildings for Administration, School of Applied Sciences, School for Apprentices and Journeymen, Technical School for Women, School of Applied Design, Service (592,000 square feet)

• Buildings should have an architectural treatment of great simplicity.

• Instructive examples for laboratories and shops include technical institutes (e.g. Pratt Institute) and industrial plants (e.g. Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Co.)

• Special attention must be given to natural lighting

• Special attention must be given to the simultaneous movement of large numbers of students and the movement of wagons of heavy materials

Carnegie Technical Schools Competition. 1904.

Invited Competitors:• Carrere & Hastings• Frank Miles Day & Brother• Cass Gilbert• Howells & Stokes• George B. Post

Winner:• Palmer & Hornbostel

Howells, Stokes and Hornbostel. University of California Competition [second place]. 1900.

World’s Columbian Exposition. Chicago. 1893.

Beaux Arts.

Beaux Arts

Group Plan• Monumental scale• Unified organization and architecture• Grid• Strong axes• Symmetry• Hierarchy of major and minor buildings and spaces• Ability to accommodate many buildings and additions within plan

Architecture• Italian Renaissance pavilions• Tall round-arched windows• Low pitched roofs

Palmer & Hornbostel. Carnegie Technical Schools Competition [winner]. 1904.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Carnegie Technical Schools Competition [winner]. 1904.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Campus Master Plan. 1906.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Campus Master Plan. 1906.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Campus Master Plan. 1911.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Campus Master Plan. 1911.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Campus Master Plan. 1911.

Thomas Jefferson. University of Virginia. 1817-1826.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Hornbostel Mall. 1905-1916.

Palmer & Hornbostel. School of Applied Industries (Porter Hall). 1906.

Palmer & Hornbostel. School of Applied Industries (Porter Hall). 1906.

Henry Hornbostel. Administration Hall (Baker Hall). 1914.

Leon Battista Alberti. Sant’Andrea. Mantua.

1470-1472.

Roman Triumphal Arch

Greek Temple Front

Henry Hornbostel. Administration Hall (Baker Hall). 1914.

R. Guastavino Company

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall (Hamerschlag Hall). 1912-1914

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall (Hamerschlag Hall). 1912-1914.

Andrea Palladio. Villa Barbaro. Ca. 1549-1558.

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall (Hamerschlag Hall). 1912-1914

Claude-Nicholas Ledoux. Blacksmith Building at Saltworks of Chaux. 1770s.

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall (Hamerschlag Hall). 1912-1914

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall (Hamerschlag Hall). 1912-1914

Temple of Vesta. Rome. Late 2nd century B.C.Claude-Nicholas Ledoux. Barriére de Reuilly. Paris. 1786.

Richard Mique. Temple de l’Amour. Versailles. 1777-1778.

Henry Hornbostel. Machinery Hall

(Hamerschlag Hall). 1912-1914

Henry Hornbostel. U.S.S. Pennsylvania Prow. Ca. 1915.

Henry Hornbostel. School of Applied Design (CFA). 1912-1914, 1916.

Henry Hornbostel. School of Applied Design (CFA). 1912-1914, 1916.

Raphael et al. Villa Madama.

Rome. 1516-1617.

Henry Hornbostel. School of Applied Design (CFA). 1912-1914, 1916.

Baldessare Peruzzi. Villa Farnesina.

Rome. 1508-1511.

McKim Mead & White. Villard Houses. New York. 1884.

Henry Hornbostel. School of Applied Design (CFA). 1912-1914, 1916.

Henry Hornbostel. School of Applied Design (CFA). 1912-1914, 1916.

Bruce Lindsey Paul Rosenblatt Associates. Niches Project.

1987-1995.

Henry Hornbostel. School of Applied Design (CFA).

1912-1914, 1916.

Studio of J. Monroe Hewlett, Charles Basing, and Arthur T. Hewlett.

Murals. 1916.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Margaret Morrison Carnegie College. 1905-1907.

Flaminio Ponzio. Villa Borghesia. Rome. 1608-1613

Jean Aubert. Stables at Chantilly. Paris. 1721-1735.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Margaret Morrison Carnegie College. 1905-1907.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Margaret Morrison Carnegie College. 1905-1907.

Palmer & Hornbostel. Margaret Morrison Carnegie College, proposed additions. ca. 1913.

Raphael et al. Villa Madama. Rome. 1516-1617.

Henry Hornbostel. U.S. Bureau of Mines (Hamburg Hall). 1915.

Henry Hornbostel. U.S. Bureau of Mines (Hamburg Hall). 1915.

Henry Hornbostel. U.S. Bureau of Mines (Hamburg Hall). 1915.

Henry Hornbostel. Dormitories. 1915-1918.

Henry Hornbostel. “Ledge House.” ca. 1909.

Henry Hornbostel. Langley Laboratory. 1917-1918.

Henry Hornbostel. Gymnasium. 1923-1924.

Albert Davis Taylor. Campus Landscape Plan. 1924-1926?.

Hornbostel Campus. 1927.

“The Fence”. Ca. 1923.