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THE STUART
IN ENGLISH HISTORY
THE INDEX
• The Origins
• The Importance
• The monarchs – James I
– Charles I
– Oliver Cromwell
– Charles II
– James II
– Mary II
– William III
– Anne
• The Hannover
• The Timeline
• The Sources
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coat of arms of Stuart, or Stewart, House
THE ORIGINS
• The House of Stewart, or Stuart, has been the royal house of Scotland since 14th century
• The Stuarts reigned Scotland until 1707
• It started to reign Great Britain in 1603, when Elizabeth I died and James VI, became James I, king of Scotland, England end Ireland
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Mary I of England, known as Bloody Mary,
portrait by Anthonis Mor van Dashorst, 1554
THE INDEX
THE IMPORTANCE
• The Stuart dynasty covered the entire 17th century
• It was one of the most important and relevant centuries in English history
• In this period a lot of events, happened in following centuries, were anticipated
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the execution of Charles I,
by Gonzales Coques, c. 1649
portrait of John Locke, the life of
the Glorious Revolution,
by Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1697 Arms of the Commonwealth
THE INDEX
JAMES I
• He was the son of Mary I of Scotland and nephew of Elizabeth I
• He became king of Scotland in 1567
• He became king of England and Ireland in 1603
• during his reign: – the union act
– the Gunpowder plot
– the Pilgrims Fathers
• he died in 1625
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portrait by John de Critz, c. 1606
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THE INDEX
CHARLES I
• He became king in 1625
• He started a series of wars against Spain and France
• in order to fight these wars he tired to increase the taxation
• the Parliament had the power to decide about taxation
• He reigned for 11 years with a dismissed Parliament
• cracking relationship with Parliament
• the divine power of the king was put into the question
• the Civil War broke out in 1642
• He was executed in 1649
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portrait by Gerrit van Honthorst, 1628
6
THE INDEX
OLIVER CROMWELL
• He fought during the Civil War in the
parliamentarian deployment
• He won the Civil War with his
Ironsides, based on a New Model
Army
• He started a war to conquer Ireland
• He instituted the Commonwealth of
England
• He proclaimed himself Lord Protector
• He made the Parliament approve the
Navigation Acts formed the basis for
British overseas trade for nearly 200
years
• He died in 1658
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portrait by Samuel Cooper, 1656
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THE INDEX
CHARLES II
• He was Anglican son of
Charles I
• He was the protagonist of
the restoration of the
monarchy
• Two dramatic events
changed the facet of London
and England:
– The Great Plague in 1665
– The Great Fire of London in
1666
• He died in 1685
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portrait by John Riley, c. 1680–1685
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THE INDEX
JAMES II
• He was the brother of Charles II
• He was Catholic
• He took possession of the throne
• It was a dangerous situation
• He was deposed and was substituted for his protestant daughter, Mary, in the Glorious Revolution or Bloodless Revolution
• He died 1701
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portrait by John Riley, c. 1680–1685
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THE INDEX
MARY II
• She was the Protestant
daughter of James II
• She married William III of
Orange
• She reigned the English
Kingdom since 1689
• The Bill of Rights was
approved
• She was succeeded by her
husband William III
• She died in 1694
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portrait by William Wissing, 1685
10
THE INDEX
WILLIAM III
• He was the Statholder of Low Countries
• He became Mary’s husband
• He reigned with her since 1689
• He reigned with her until 1692
• From now on he reigned alone
• The parliamentary constitutional monarchy was defined for the first time
• He died in 1702
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portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller, c. 1680s
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THE INDEX
ANNE
• She was the sister of
Mary II
• She married the Prince
of Denmark, George
• Her ideas were in line
with the ideas of the
Bloodless Revolution
• He died in 1714
• The Stuart line ended
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Portrait by Charles Jervas, 1702-1714
THE INDEX
THE HANOVER
• The Hanover was the
following reigning house
• George I of Great
Britain and Ireland
succeeded the queen
Anne
• The last monarch
belonging to House of
Hanover was the famous
figure of Queen Victoria
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coat of arms of House of Hanover
THE INDEX
THE TIMELINE
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THE INDEX
THE SOURCES
• http://www.marilenabeltramini.it/
– 4BLS - English History. The
Stuarts in English History
• The Stuarts
• The Stuart dynasty and
the monarchs
• The Petition of Rights
• The Bill of Rights
• http://en.wikipedia.org/
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THE INDEX
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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
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