THE STUART

IN ENGLISH HISTORY

THE INDEX

• The Origins

• The Importance

• The monarchs – James I

– Charles I

– Oliver Cromwell

– Charles II

– James II

– Mary II

– William III

– Anne

• The Hannover

• The Timeline

• The Sources

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coat of arms of Stuart, or Stewart, House

THE ORIGINS

• The House of Stewart, or Stuart, has been the royal house of Scotland since 14th century

• The Stuarts reigned Scotland until 1707

• It started to reign Great Britain in 1603, when Elizabeth I died and James VI, became James I, king of Scotland, England end Ireland

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Mary I of England, known as Bloody Mary,

portrait by Anthonis Mor van Dashorst, 1554

THE INDEX

THE IMPORTANCE

• The Stuart dynasty covered the entire 17th century

• It was one of the most important and relevant centuries in English history

• In this period a lot of events, happened in following centuries, were anticipated

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the execution of Charles I,

by Gonzales Coques, c. 1649

portrait of John Locke, the life of

the Glorious Revolution,

by Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1697 Arms of the Commonwealth

THE INDEX

JAMES I

• He was the son of Mary I of Scotland and nephew of Elizabeth I

• He became king of Scotland in 1567

• He became king of England and Ireland in 1603

• during his reign: – the union act

– the Gunpowder plot

– the Pilgrims Fathers

• he died in 1625

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portrait by John de Critz, c. 1606

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THE INDEX

CHARLES I

• He became king in 1625

• He started a series of wars against Spain and France

• in order to fight these wars he tired to increase the taxation

• the Parliament had the power to decide about taxation

• He reigned for 11 years with a dismissed Parliament

• cracking relationship with Parliament

• the divine power of the king was put into the question

• the Civil War broke out in 1642

• He was executed in 1649

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portrait by Gerrit van Honthorst, 1628

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THE INDEX

OLIVER CROMWELL

• He fought during the Civil War in the

parliamentarian deployment

• He won the Civil War with his

Ironsides, based on a New Model

Army

• He started a war to conquer Ireland

• He instituted the Commonwealth of

England

• He proclaimed himself Lord Protector

• He made the Parliament approve the

Navigation Acts formed the basis for

British overseas trade for nearly 200

years

• He died in 1658

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portrait by Samuel Cooper, 1656

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THE INDEX

CHARLES II

• He was Anglican son of

Charles I

• He was the protagonist of

the restoration of the

monarchy

• Two dramatic events

changed the facet of London

and England:

– The Great Plague in 1665

– The Great Fire of London in

1666

• He died in 1685

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portrait by John Riley, c. 1680–1685

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THE INDEX

JAMES II

• He was the brother of Charles II

• He was Catholic

• He took possession of the throne

• It was a dangerous situation

• He was deposed and was substituted for his protestant daughter, Mary, in the Glorious Revolution or Bloodless Revolution

• He died 1701

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portrait by John Riley, c. 1680–1685

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THE INDEX

MARY II

• She was the Protestant

daughter of James II

• She married William III of

Orange

• She reigned the English

Kingdom since 1689

• The Bill of Rights was

approved

• She was succeeded by her

husband William III

• She died in 1694

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portrait by William Wissing, 1685

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THE INDEX

WILLIAM III

• He was the Statholder of Low Countries

• He became Mary’s husband

• He reigned with her since 1689

• He reigned with her until 1692

• From now on he reigned alone

• The parliamentary constitutional monarchy was defined for the first time

• He died in 1702

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portrait by Sir Godfrey Kneller, c. 1680s

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THE INDEX

ANNE

• She was the sister of

Mary II

• She married the Prince

of Denmark, George

• Her ideas were in line

with the ideas of the

Bloodless Revolution

• He died in 1714

• The Stuart line ended

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Portrait by Charles Jervas, 1702-1714

THE INDEX

THE HANOVER

• The Hanover was the

following reigning house

• George I of Great

Britain and Ireland

succeeded the queen

Anne

• The last monarch

belonging to House of

Hanover was the famous

figure of Queen Victoria

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coat of arms of House of Hanover

THE INDEX

THE TIMELINE

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THE INDEX

THE SOURCES

• http://www.marilenabeltramini.it/

– 4BLS - English History. The

Stuarts in English History

• The Stuarts

• The Stuart dynasty and

the monarchs

• The Petition of Rights

• The Bill of Rights

• http://en.wikipedia.org/

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THE INDEX

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION