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PEMBINAAN CIVIC VIRTUE DI BIDANG SOSIAL MELALUI
PRAKTIK FILANTROPI DAN VOLUNTARISME
(Studi Kasus Gerakan Sosial-Kemanusiaan Let’s ACT Indonesia)
TESIS
Diajukan untuk memenuhi sebagian syarat memperoleh gelar Magister
Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
Pembimbing:
Prof. Dr. Karim Suryadi, M. Si
Oleh
Aina Nurdiyanti
NIM. 1706654
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN KEWARGANEGARAAN
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA
UNIVERSITAS PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA
2019
PEMBINAAN CIVIC VIRTUE DI BIDANG SOSIAL MELALUI
PRAKTIK FILANTROPI DAN VOLUNTARISME
(Studi Kasus Gerakan Sosial-Kemanusiaan Let’s ACT Indonesia)
Oleh
Aina Nurdiyanti
S. Pd Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, 2016
Sebuah Tesis yang diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat memperoleh gelar Magister
Pendidikan (M. Pd.) pada Program Studi Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan
©Aina Nurdiyanti 2019
Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
Juni 2019
Hak Cipta dilindungi undang-undang
Tesis ini tidak boleh diperbanyak seluruhnya atau sebagian,
dengan dicetak ulang, difotokopi, atau dengan cara lainnya tanpa izin dari penulis
PERNYATAAN PENULIS
Dengan ini saya menyatakan bahwa tesis yang berjudul “PEMBINAAN CIVIC
VIRTUE DI BIDANG SOSIAL MELALUI PRAKTIK FILANTROPI DAN
VOLUNTARISME (Studi Kasus Gerakan Sosial-Kemanusiaan Let’s ACT
Indonesia)” ini beserta seluruh isinya adalah benar-benar karya saya sendiri. Saya
tidak melakukan penjiplakan atau pengutipan dengan cara-cara yang tidak sesuai
dengan etika ilmu yang berlaku dalam masyarakat keilmuan. Atas pernyataan ini,
saya siap menanggung resiko/sanksi apabila kemudian hari ditemukan adanya
pelanggaran etika keilmuan atau ada klaim dari pihak lain terhadap keaslian karya
saya ini.
Bandung, Mei 2019
Yang membuat pernyataan,
Aina Nurdiyanti
NIM. 1706654
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN TESIS
AINA NURDIYANTI
NIM. 1706654
PEMBINAAN CIVIC VIRTUE DI BIDANG SOSIAL MELALUI
PRAKTIK FILANTROPI DAN VOLUNTARISME
(Studi Kasus Gerakan Sosial-Kemanusiaan Let’s ACT Indonesia)
Disetujui dan disahkan oleh:
Pembimbing Tesis,
i
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memeriksa efikasi infrastruktur kewarganegaraan digital
yang dikembangkan oleh lembaga kemanusiaan global Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) dalam
menumbuhkembangkan keadaban warga negara di era digital. Terdapat kesenjangan
antara budaya kewarganegaraan partisipatif dan minimnya keterlibatan publik pada sektor
sosial dan kemanusiaan. Penggunaan internet dan sistem jejaring sosial sebagai gaya
hidup warga negara hari ini, di satu sisi berpotensi menggugah aktivisme, literasi warga
negara, dan menyokong kehidupan berdemokrasi. Namun, di sisi lain, terdapat pula tren
warga digital yang menunjukkan heavy viewers for leisure and pleasure bahkan tendensi
perilaku berdigital yang destruktif. Maka, transformasi media digital sebagai infrastruktur
berwarganegara menjadi satu solusi alternatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan
kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Partisipan penelitian meliputi pengurus, pegiat, dan
donatur ACT, serta masyarakat umum terdampak gerakan sosial. Pengumpulan data
dilakukan melalui wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian
menunjukkan bahwa infrastruktur kewarganegaraan digital ACT berupa filantropi digital
dan voluntarisme ACT telah mampu membina keadaban warga negara pada bidang sosial
di era digital. Capaian tersebut ditandai dengan peningkatan partisipasi publik di bidang
sosial-kemanusiaan melalui pemanfaatan media digital. Pengembangan filantropi dan
voluntarisme digital ACT telah mendorong budaya kewarganegaraan digital yang lebih
partisipatif, terbukanya rute partisipasi lokal-global sebagai dimensi kewarganegaraan
global, dan aktivisme daring yang menumbuhkan spirit pemberdayaan sosial dikalangan
warga digital.
Kata Kunci: keadaban warga negara, filantropi digital, voluntarisme, kewarganegaraan
digital
ii
ABSTRACT
This study aims to examine the efficacy of digital citizenship infrastructure developed by
global humanitarian agency namely Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT) in developing civic
virtue in the digital era. There is a gap between the culture of participatory citizenship and
the lack of public involvement in the social and humanitarian sectors. The use of the
internet and social networking systems as citizens' lifestyles today, on the one hand has
the potential to arouse activism, citizen literacy and support democratic life. However, on
the other hand, there are also digital citizen trends that show heavy viewers for leisure
and pleasure even the tendency of destructive digital behavior. Thus, the transformation
of digital media as a citizen infrastructure becomes an alternative solution. This study
used a qualitative approach with case study design. Research participants include
caretakers, activists, and donors of ACT, and also a member of society who affected by
the social movement. Data collection is done through interviews, observation, and
documentation studies. The results showed that ACT's digital citizenship infrastructure in
the form of digital philanthropy and ACT voluntarism had been able to foster civic virtue
in the digital era. This achievement was indicated by an increase in public participation in
the social-humanitarian field through the use of digital media. ACT's digital philanthropy
and voluntarism development has encouraged a more participatory culture of digital
citizenship, local-global participation as a dimension of global citizenship, and online
activism that fosters the spirit of social empowerment among digital citizens.
Keywords: civic virtue, digital philanthropy, voluntarism, digital citizenship
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................................... i
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................... iii
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................... iv
DAFTAR BAGAN ........................................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................................... ix
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang Penelitian ................................................................................... 1
1.2. Identifikasi Masalah dan Rumusan Masalah Penelitian
1.2.1. Identifikasi Masalah ................................................................................ 8
1.2.2. Perumusan Masalah ................................................................................ 8
1.3. Tujuan Penelitian
1.3.1. Tujuan Umum ......................................................................................... 9
1.3.2. Tujuan Khusus ........................................................................................ 9
1.4. Manfaat Penelitian
1.4.1. Manfaat Dari Segi Teoretis ..................................................................... 10
1.4.2. Manfaat Dari Segi Praktis ....................................................................... 10
1.4.3. Manfaat Dari Segi Kebijakan .................................................................. 11
1.4.4. Manfaat Dari Segi Aksi Sosial ................................................................ 11
1.5. Struktur Organisasi Tesis .................................................................................... 11
BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA
2.1. Keadaban Kewarganegaran (Civic Virtue) ......................................................... 13
2.2. PKn Sebagai Pembina Keadaban Kewarganegaraan .......................................... 15
2.3. Teori Gerakan Sosial Baru .................................................................................. 17
2.4 Teori Keterlibatan Warga Negara ....................................................................... 20
2.4.1. Keterlibatan Warga Negara dalam Perspektif PKn ................................. 23
2.4.2. Keterlibatan Warga Negara dalam Konteks
Kewarganegaraan Digital ....................................................................... 25
2.4.3. Keterlibatan Warga Negara dalam Konteks
Kewarganegaraan Global ........................................................................ 28
2.5. Tinjauan Tentang Filantropi dan Voluntarisme .................................................. 32
2.6. Penelitian Terdahulu ........................................................................................... 35
BAB III METODE PENELITIAN
3.1. Desain Penelitian ................................................................................................ 42
3.2. Partisipan dan Tempat Penelitian ........................................................................ 44
3.3. Pengumpulan Data .............................................................................................. 45
3.3.1. Observasi................................................................................................. 45
3.3.2. Wawancara .............................................................................................. 46
3.3.3. Studi Dokumentasi .................................................................................. 48
3.4. Analisis Data ....................................................................................................... 48
3.4.1. Reduksi Data ........................................................................................... 49
3.4.2. Penyajian Data/Display Data .................................................................. 49
3.4.3. Penarikan Kesimpulan/Verifikasi ........................................................... 50
3.5. Validitas Data...................................................................................................... 50
BAB IV TEMUAN DAN PEMBAHASAN
4.1. Deskripsi Tempat Penelitian ............................................................................... 51
4.2 Identitas Partisipan Penelitian ............................................................................. 53
4.3 Temuan Penelitian .............................................................................................. 55
4.3.1 Upaya Aksi Cepat Tanggap dalam mengorganisir Gerakan Sosial
Let’s ACT Indonesia ............................................................................... 55
4.3.2 Realitas Praktik Filantropi dan Voluntarisme dalam Gerakan
Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia .................................................................... 62
4.3.3 Faktor-Faktor Pendorong keterlibatan warga negara dalam
Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia ..................................................... 67
4.3.4 Dampak Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia Bagi Pembinaan
Civic Vitue di Bidang Sosial ................................................................... 73
4.4. Pembahasan........................................................................................................ 78
4.4.1. Pembahasan tentang Upaya Aksi Cepat Tanggap dalam
mengorganisir Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia.............................. 78
4.4.2. Pembahasan tentang Realitas Praktik Filantropi dan Voluntarisme
dalam Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia ........................................... 82
4.4.3. Pembahasan tentang Faktor-Faktor Pendorong keterlibatan warga
negara dalam Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia ............................... 87
4.4.4. Pembahasan tentang Dampak Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia
Bagi Pembinaan Civic Vitue di Bidang Sosial ........................................ 94
BAB V SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI, DAN REKOMENDASI
5.1. Simpulan ............................................................................................................. 102
5.1.1. Simpulan Umum ..................................................................................... 102
5.1.2. Simpulan Khusus .................................................................................... 103
5.2. Implikasi ............................................................................................................. 105
5.3. Rekomendasi ....................................................................................................... 106
5.3.1. Bagi Community Civic ............................................................................ 106
5.3.2. Bagi Pemerintah ...................................................................................... 107
5.3.3. Bagi Praktisi Pendidikan Kewaganegaraan ............................................ 107
5.3.4. Bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya ........................................................................ 107
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................................... 109
LAMPIRAN
DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 2.1 An Integrative Theory of Civic Engagement ................................................. 22
Bagan 2.2. Kerangka Kewarganegaraan Digital .............................................................. 27
Bagan 3.1. Komponen-Komponen Analisis Data ........................................................... 49
Bagan 4.1. Impak gerakan sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia bagi perbaikan sosial ................ 76
Bagan 4.2. Faktor pendorong gerakan sosial Let’s ACT Indonesia ................................ 88
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Fokus Area Kewarganegaraan Global .............................................................. 31
Tabel 4.1 Dampak Gerakan Sosial Let’s ACT terhadap Civic Virtue di Bidang
Sosial ................................................................................................................ 96
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Capaian Pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan................................. 16
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
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