Tabloski ch05 lecture

Gerontological NursingGerontological Nursing

CHAPTER

THIRD EDITION

Nutrition and Aging

Gerontological Nursing, Third EditionPatricia A. Tabloski

Learning Objectives

1. Classify the normal changes of aging in body composition and digestion, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients.

2. Differentiate between normal and disease-related changes in risk factors for undernutrition in older persons.

3. Identify normal nutrition requirements of the older person.

Learning Objectives

4. Analyze the causes and consequences of undernutrition in the older person.

5. Evaluate tools and parameters used to assess nutrition status.

Learning Objectives

6. Develop appropriate nursing interventions and treatment for nutrition-related problems of the older person.

7. Compare current dietary approaches to chronic disease in the older person.

Introduction

• Predictable changes can place older persons at a disproportionate risk of undernutrition, or malnutrition, compared to younger adults.

• The wide spectrum of well-being in the older person presents nutritional challenges along a continuum.

Normal Changes in Aging

• The normal aging process can result in biological changes that may place the older person at risk of malnutrition.

Changes in Body Composition

• Lean muscle mass diminishes with aging.

• Increase in body fat occurs.• Bone mineral density commonly is lost

with age in both men and women.

Oral and Gastrointestinal Changes with Aging

• Multiple changes may occur with age in the regulation of both appetite and fluid status.

• There is a prevalence of constipation in the older person.

• Aging blunts the thirst mechanism.

Sensory Changes

• Age-related changes in vision, hearing, taste, and smell can have a negative impact on nutrition.

Social and Economic Changes Affecting Nutrition

• Social isolation, loneliness, loss of a spouse, or bereavement can introduce additional influences that can alter adequacy of diet.

• Changes in socioeconomic status may occur.

Box 5-2 Nutrition-Related Changes Associated With Aging

Nutritional and Disease-related Health Changes

• Many chronic diseases that affect older persons have nutritional implications for the disease and its treatment.

Nutritional Requirements and Aging

• The older person has some unique nutritional requirements due to the physical and functional changes that occur with aging.

• The Modified MyPyramid makes overall recommendations for individual food groups to provide sufficient energy and nutrients together.

Nutritional Assessment

• Both undernutrition and overnutrition in the older person can affect quality of life, morbidity, and mortality.

• Assessment of nutritional risk factors for undernutrition should be routinely incorporated into the routine health screening of the older person.

Nursing Assessment

• Nutritional screening and assessment tools exist to streamline the incorporation of nutritional status into routine healthcare processes.

Common Nutritional Concerns in the Older Person

• Unintentional weight loss• Medical nutritional therapy for chronic

diseases

Nursing Diagnoses

• Imbalanced nutrition– Less than body requirements

• Imbalanced nutrition– More than body requirements

• Deficient knowledge– Related to diet

• Noncompliance to diet

Box 5-6 Causes of Unintentional Weight Loss

Box 5-6 (continued) Causes of Unintentional Weight Loss

Box 5-8 Nutritional Interventions for Undernutrition

Box 5-8 (continued) Nutritional Interventions for Undernutrition

Patient and Family Teaching

• Gerontological nurses require skills and knowledge related to teaching patients and families about the key concepts of gerontology and gerontological nursing.

Tabloski ch05 lecture

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