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System System ConnectivityConnectivity
Merle P. MartinMerle P. MartinMIS DepartmentMIS DepartmentCSU SacramentoCSU Sacramento
AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements Dr. Russell ChingDr. Russell Ching ( (MIS DeptMIS Dept) )
Source Materiel / GraphicsSource Materiel / Graphics Edie SchmidtEdie Schmidt ( (UMSUMS) - Graphic Design) - Graphic Design Prentice Hall PublishingPrentice Hall Publishing (Permissions) (Permissions)
Martin, Martin, Analysis and Design ofAnalysis and Design of Business Information SystemsBusiness Information Systems, 1995, 1995
AgendaAgenda Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts Delivery SystemsDelivery Systems Open SystemsOpen Systems Distributed SystemsDistributed Systems Overall ArchitectureOverall Architecture
Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts DefinitionsDefinitions MediaMedia TopologiesTopologies NetworksNetworks LinesLines
DefinitionsDefinitions Channel:Channel: link by which link by which
data / voice linkeddata / voice linked Speed: bits per Speed: bits per
second (second (bpsbps)) baud ratebaud rate mbpsmbps - - megabytes megabytes
per secondper second
Definitions (Definitions (cont.cont.)) Bandwith:Bandwith: range of range of
frequenciesfrequencies difference between difference between
lowest / highestlowest / highest frequency accommodatedfrequency accommodated on a single channelon a single channel at the same timeat the same time
BroadbandBroadband: more than one signal track : more than one signal track over a comm. media at the same timeover a comm. media at the same time
FrequencyFrequencyFrequencyFrequency TimeTimeTimeTime
1111
0000 1111 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 TimeTimeTimeTime
Digital SignalDigital SignalDigital SignalDigital Signal
VoltageVoltageVoltageVoltage
Analog SignalAnalog SignalAnalog SignalAnalog Signal
AmplitudeAmplitudeAmplitudeAmplitudeVoltageVoltageVoltageVoltage
Data CommunicationsData CommunicationsData CommunicationsData Communications
AnalogAnalogSignalSignalAnalogAnalogSignalSignal
DigitalDigitalSignalSignalDigitalDigitalSignalSignal
DigitalDigitalSignalSignalDigitalDigitalSignalSignal
PhonePhoneLinesLinesPhonePhoneLinesLines
ModemModem ModemModem
Asynchronous TransmissionAsynchronous TransmissionAsynchronous TransmissionAsynchronous Transmission
StartStartStartStartbitbitbitbit
ParityParityParityParitybitbitbitbit
StopStopStopStopbitbitbitbit
One byteOne byteOne byteOne byte
Synchronous TransmissionSynchronous TransmissionSynchronous TransmissionSynchronous Transmission
TrailerTrailerTrailerTrailerHeaderHeaderHeaderHeader DataDataDataData ParityParityParityParitybitbitbitbit
Message PacketMessage PacketMessage PacketMessage Packet
Transmission TypesTransmission Types Coaxial cableCoaxial cable
Fiber opticsFiber optics WirelessWireless
MicrowaveMicrowave SatelliteSatellite CellularCellular
Coaxial Coaxial CableCable
Microwave TransmissionMicrowave Transmission
RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater
Line of SightLine of SightLine of SightLine of Sight Line of SightLine of SightLine of SightLine of Sight
Satellite Satellite TransmissionTransmission
Satellite Satellite TransmissionTransmission
Cellular CommunicationCellular Communication
TopologiesTopologies RingRing BusBus StarStar HierarchicalHierarchical
Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies
RingRing
Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies
BusBus
Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies
StarStar
Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies
HierarchicalHierarchical
IssueIssueShould a firm:Should a firm:
stay at the stay at the forefrontforefront of of telecomm technologytelecomm technology
lest it fall seriously behindlest it fall seriously behindOR OR let other firms go firstlet other firms go firstand learn from their mistakes?and learn from their mistakes?
Delivery SystemsDelivery Systems Network typesNetwork types T1 linesT1 lines Network systemsNetwork systems
Local Area Local Area Network (Network (LAN)LAN)
Metropolitan Area Metropolitan Area Network (Network (MANMAN))
Wide Area Network (Wide Area Network (WANWAN)) InternetInternet
Network TypesNetwork Types
Local Area Network Local Area Network (LAN)(LAN)
Wide Area Networks (WAN)Wide Area Networks (WAN)
InternetInternet Outgrowth of ARPANETOutgrowth of ARPANET
Connect researchers Connect researchers working in the defense working in the defense industryindustry
T1 LinesT1 Lines group of 24 voice grade group of 24 voice grade
lineslines analog messagesanalog messages 1.544 mbps1.544 mbps T2 through T4 linesT2 through T4 lines
T-Carrier BandwithsT-Carrier Bandwiths
T1 - 1.544 mbpsT1 - 1.544 mbps 24 voice circuits (vc)24 voice circuits (vc)
T2 - 6.312 mbps; 96 vcT2 - 6.312 mbps; 96 vc T3 - 44.736 mbps; 672 vcT3 - 44.736 mbps; 672 vc T4 - 139.264 mbps; 4032 vcT4 - 139.264 mbps; 4032 vc T5 - ????T5 - ????
Open SystemsOpen Systems
Standardized interfaces thatStandardized interfaces thatallow products to interoperateallow products to interoperateacross multivendor systemsacross multivendor systems
Open System Open System Interconnection (Interconnection (OSI)OSI) International standardInternational standard Seven layersSeven layers Standards for each layerStandards for each layer
Surround Development Surround Development TacticTactic
A
BC
UNIX
UNIX
Distributed SystemsDistributed SystemsEnterprise-wide networkEnterprise-wide networkof systems that use productsof systems that use productsfrom multiple vendorsfrom multiple vendors
Should You Distribute?Should You Distribute? Wetherbe’s three questionsWetherbe’s three questions Are operations Are operations
interdependent?interdependent? does one operation need does one operation need
to know what another to know what another operation is doing?operation is doing?
Walmart?Walmart?
Should You Distribute?Should You Distribute? Are businesses really Are businesses really
homogeneous?homogeneous? Fast Food franchises Fast Food franchises
have same processeshave same processes Need to know what others are doing?Need to know what others are doing? Are Depart Store franchises same?Are Depart Store franchises same?
Does corporate culture support Does corporate culture support decentralization?decentralization? Aerospace Industry Aerospace Industry
Creating Overall Creating Overall ArchitectureArchitecture Factors to consider:Factors to consider:
Firm’s policy on Firm’s policy on decentralizationdecentralization
Current computing Current computing environmentenvironment
Policy on standardsPolicy on standards more tendency to standardsmore tendency to standards cleaner overall architecturecleaner overall architecture
Overall ArchitectureOverall Architecture Factors (Factors (contcont.).)
How will it serve the How will it serve the business?business? follow business and follow business and
IT plans IT plans Law of the HammerLaw of the Hammer
Desired level of computing Desired level of computing
Level of ComputingLevel of Computing CorporateCorporate Region, country, divisionRegion, country, division SiteSite DepartmentDepartment Work groupWork group IndividualIndividual
WAN
MAN
LAN
Packard BellPackard Bell DistributedDistributed
interdependenceinterdependence homogeneityhomogeneity cultureculture
FDDI Ring Topology linking FDDI Ring Topology linking mainframes, servers and PCsmainframes, servers and PCs
PCs have standard software PCs have standard software package (e.g., Office)package (e.g., Office)
Distributed databaseDistributed database
Remote Remote Access Access ServerServer
Remote Remote Access Access ServerServer
12 Modems12 Modems12 Modems12 Modems
Dial- up Dial- up Client Client
Dial- up Dial- up Client Client
Cisco Cisco RoutersRouters
Cisco Cisco RoutersRouters
SQLSQL Server ServerSQLSQL Server Server
Backup Backup ServerServer
Backup Backup ServerServer
MailMailServerServerMailMailServerServer
MainframeMainframeMainframeMainframe
Campus FDDI RingsCampus FDDI Rings
Campus FDDI RingsCampus FDDI Rings
Wide Area LinkWide Area LinkWide Area LinkWide Area Link
PrintersPrintersPrintersPrinters
12 Modems12 Modems12 Modems12 Modems
Application Application ServerServer
Application Application ServerServerClientClientClientClient
Fax Fax ServerServerFax Fax ServerServer
USCS NetworkUSCS Network
IBS, IBS, Rancho Rancho CordovaCordova
IBS, IBS, Rancho Rancho CordovaCordova
USCS, USCS, Rancho Rancho CordovaCordova
USCS, USCS, Rancho Rancho CordovaCordova
CableData, CableData, El Dorado El Dorado HillsHills
CableData, CableData, El Dorado El Dorado HillsHills
IBS, IBS, El Dorado El Dorado HillsHills
IBS, IBS, El Dorado El Dorado HillsHills
OC-3 Sonet Ring OC-3 Sonet Ring 155mb Bandwidth155mb BandwidthOC-3 Sonet Ring OC-3 Sonet Ring 155mb Bandwidth155mb Bandwidth 128K128K
Frame Frame RelayRelay
128K128KFrame Frame RelayRelay
256K 256K Frame Frame RelayRelay
256K 256K Frame Frame RelayRelay
Virtual Virtual Private Private
Network Network via Internetvia Internet
Virtual Virtual Private Private
Network Network via Internetvia Internet
CableData CableData MichiganMichiganCableData CableData MichiganMichigan
CableData CableData ArkansasArkansasCableData CableData ArkansasArkansas
CableData CableData AtlantaAtlantaCableData CableData AtlantaAtlanta
CableData CableData UKUKCableData CableData UKUK
USCS Enterprise USCS Enterprise Application ArchitectureApplication Architecture
Oracle Oracle Financials Financials
Release 10.7Release 10.7
Oracle 7 Oracle 7 RDBMSRDBMS
IBM IBM RS/6000RS/6000
Peoplesoft Peoplesoft HRMS HRMS
Release 6Release 6
Oracle 7 Oracle 7 RDBMSRDBMS
IBM IBM RS/6000RS/6000
ALEXIS ALEXIS Customer Customer
Mgmt Mgmt (Internal App)(Internal App)
Oracle 7 Oracle 7 RDBMSRDBMS
IBM IBM RS/6000RS/6000
Corporate Corporate Data Data
Warehouse Warehouse (DSS)*(DSS)*
Oracle 7 Oracle 7 RDBMSRDBMS
IBM IBM RS/6000RS/6000
Typical PC Client running Windows 95Typical PC Client running Windows 9510mb Ethernet Network for Servers10mb Ethernet Network for Servers
DiscussionDiscussion What are some of the What are some of the
problems with connecting problems with connecting ““islands of technologyislands of technology??
How does one go about How does one go about doing that?doing that?
Where is connectivity going Where is connectivity going in business and the public in business and the public sectorsector
DiscussionDiscussionScott Langdoc,Scott Langdoc,Vice President and Vice President and
Chief Information OfficerChief Information OfficerRaleys Food StoresRaleys Food Stores
Points to RememberPoints to Remember Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts
DefinitionsDefinitions Delivery SystemsDelivery Systems Open SystemsOpen Systems Distributed SystemsDistributed Systems Creating the architectureCreating the architecture
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