Students with Learning Disabilities Mathematics. Math Skills Development Learning readiness...

Students with Learning Disabilities

Mathematics

Math Skills Development

• Learning readiness– Number instruction

• Classification, ordering, one-to-one correspondence

– More Advanced Mathematics• Operations

– Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division

• Basic axioms– Commutative property of addition, commutative property of

multiplication, associative property of addition and multiplication, distributive property of multiplication over addition, and inverse operations for addition and multiplication

Specific Learning Disabilities In Math

• General Characteristics– Learned helplessness– Passive learners– Metacognitive and cognitive processes– Social and emotional factors– Arousal deficit theory

Math Skills Assessment

• General skills assessment

• Specific skills assessment

• Problem-solving assessment

• Attitude toward mathematics

Examining Math Errors

• Corrective intervention is influenced by type of error

• Two major areas– Computation– Problem Solving

Level of Understanding

• Concrete– Manipulation of objects

• Semiconcrete– Working with illustrations of items in

performing math tasks

• Abstract– Use of numerals

Assessment

• Formal math assessment with standardized tests

• Formal math assessment with criterion-referenced tests

• Informal math assessment– Curriculum-based measurement– Teacher-constructed tests– Assessment at the three levels– Diagnostic math interviews

Research on Effective Math Instruction

• Problem-solving• Communication of

mathematical ideas• Mathematical reasoning• Application of

mathematics to everyday situations

• Alertness to reasonableness of results

• Estimation

• Appropriate computational skills

• Algebraic thinking• Measurement• Geometry• Statistics• Probability

Teaching the Acquisition of Math

• Follow teaching steps• Use teacher modeling of explicit strategies• Focus on teacher-student interactions• Use the concrete-semiconcrete-abstract

sequence• Teach concepts and rules• Monitor progress and provide feedback• Maintain flexibility

Teaching Toward…

• Mastery

• Problem solving

• Generalization

• Positive attitude toward math

Concrete-Semiconcrete-Abstract Activities

• Subtraction with regrouping

• Multiplication

• Algorithms

• Multiplication algorithms

• Fraction algorithm

Problem-Solving Interventions

• CSA sequence

• RIDE– Read the problem correctly– Identify the relevant information– Determine the operations and unit for

expressing the answer– Enter the correct numbers and calculate

and check the answer