Stellar Evidence of a Solar Dynamo in Transition · Stellar Evidence of a Solar Dynamo in...

Travis Metcalfe (SSI)Travis Metcalfe (SSI)

with Ricky Egeland (HAO) and Jennifer van Saders (Carnegie)with Ricky Egeland (HAO) and Jennifer van Saders (Carnegie)

Stellar Evidence of aSolar Dynamo in Transition

Skumanich relation

Skumanich (1972)

Rotational evolution

Bouvier (2008)

M67

NGC6819

NGC6811

M44, M37

Gyrochronology

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Meibom et al. (2011, 2015); Barnes et al. (2016)

slide from Jen van Saders

ZAMS Teff ~6200-5100 K

Gyrochronology

van Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

ZAMS Teff ~6200-5100 K

Gyrochronology

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

ZAMS Teff ~6200-5900 K

Gyrochronology

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

ZAMS Teff ~5900-5600 K

Gyrochronology

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

ZAMS Teff ~5400-5100 K

Gyrochronology

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

ZAMS Teff ~5900-5600 K

Gyrochronology revised

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

ZAMS Teff ~5900-5600 K

Gyrochronology revised

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

ZAMS Teff ~6200-5900 K

Gyrochronology revised

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

ZAMS Teff ~5900-5600 K

Gyrochronology revised

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

ZAMS Teff ~5400-5100 K

Gyrochronology revised

slide from Jen van Sadersvan Saders et al. (2016, Nature); Creevey et al. (2016, submitted)

Garcia et al. (2014)

Stellar rotation with Kepler

Metcalfe et al. (2012)

max

Asteroseismology with Kepler

Rotation-activity relation

Metcalfe et al. (2016)

Rotation-activity relation

Metcalfe et al. (2016)

Differential rotation

fast equator

fast poles

Gastine et al. (2014)

Vaughan-Preston gap

Vaughan & Preston (1980); Wright (2004)

Rapid magnetic evolution

Pace et al. (2009)

Rapid magnetic evolution

1.1 Gyr

1.7 Gyr

Metcalfe et al. (2016)

Spots and faculae

spot dominated

faculae dominated

Lockwood et al. (2007)

Breaking magnetic braking

Metcalfe et al. (2016)

Breaking magnetic braking

Metcalfe et al. (2016)

Breaking magnetic braking

Metcalfe et al. (2016)

Solar analogs

18 Sco

HD 76151

HD 30495

HD 20630

16 Cyg

Metcalfe et al. (2016)

Spindown and magnetic topology

Reville et al. (2015); see also Garraffo et al. (2015)

dipole quadrupole octupole

Petit et al. (2008)

Zeeman Doppler imaging

18 Sco

18 Sco

HD 76151

HD 76151

Zeeman Doppler imaging

• Young solar analog is dominated by a dipole (80% of poloidal field)

• Dipole (35%) is already disappearing in 18 Sco, with 55% in quadrupole

• Old solar analog has no Zeeman signatures, weak average line-of-sight field

Petit et al. (2008, + priv. comm.)

Stellar activity cycles

Metcalfe et al. (2016)

HD 30495

HD 76151

HD 2063018 Sco

TESS: all-sky asteroseismology

Summary

• A change in differential rotation at Ro ~ 1 pushes stars across the V-P gap, rapidly decreases spot area, then disrupts magnetic braking at Ro ~ 2

• The Sun is in a transitional evolutionary phase, and its 11-year activity cycle may represent a special case of stellar dynamo theory

• Future ZDI measurements, more constraints on differential rotation, and asteroseismology of the Mount Wilson sample will help test this scenario

Details: ApJ Letters, 826, L2 (arXiv:1606.01926)

Nature, 529, 181 (arXiv:1601.02631)