Solubility Water HOT A B AFTER Before Water COLD Water HOT Add 1 drop of red food coloring Miscible...

Solubility

Water

HOT

A B

AFTERBefore

Water

COLD

Water

HOT

Add 1 drop of red food coloring

Miscible – “mixable”

two gases or two liquids that mix evenly

Experiment 1:

Water

COLD

A B

Solubility

Water Water

Oil

T30 sec

AFTER

Before

Add oil to water and shake

Immiscible – “does not mix”

two liquids or two gases that DO NOT MIX

Experiment 2:

T0 sec

SolubilitySATURATED SOLUTION

no more solute dissolves

UNSATURATED SOLUTIONmore solute

dissolves

SUPERSATURATED SOLUTION

becomes unstable, crystals form

increasing concentration

Solubility

• Solids are more soluble at...Solids are more soluble at...– high temperatures.

• Gases are more soluble at...Gases are more soluble at...– low temperatures &

– high pressures (Henry’s Law).

– EX: nitrogen narcosis, the “bends,” soda

To

Sol.

To

Sol.

Solids dissolved in liquids Gases dissolved in liquids

As To , solubility As To , solubility

Solubility vs. Temperature

Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 297

KI

NaNO 3

KN

O 3

Na 3PO 4

NaCl

Temperature (oC)

Sol

ubili

ty (

g so

lute

/ 10

0 g

H2O

)200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

020 40 60 80 100

Gas SolubilityCH4

O2

CO

He

Temperature (oC)

Sol

ubili

ty (

mM

)

2.0

1.0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Higher Temperature

…Gas is LESS Soluble

Pure water does not conduct an electric current

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 215

Source ofelectric power

Purewater

Ionic Solutions conduct a Current

Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 215

Source ofelectric power

Free ionspresent in water

Electrolytes

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

(a) Nonelectrolyte (b) Weak electrolyte (c) Strong electrolyte

Electrolytes

Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 290

ElectrolytesElectrolytes - solutions that carry an electric current

NaCl(aq) Na+ + Cl- HF(aq) H+ + F-

strong electrolyte weak electrolyte nonelectrolyte

Solution, Suspension, Colloid

Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 309

Copyright © 2007 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.