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SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIETYChapter 5
SO
CIA
L S
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STATU
S
Objectives for Section 1 & Section Preview
Objective: explain what sociologists mean by social structure.
Preview: The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called social structure. Status is one very important element of social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen.
ON YOUR OWN, DEFINE THE FOLLOWING VOCABULARY WORDS:
Social Structure Status Ascribed Status Achieved Status Status Set Master Status
LIST EXAMPLES FOR THE FOLLOWING:
Male/Female (Sex) Age Lower/Middle/Upper
Class (@ Birth) Religion
(Birth/Culture)
Husband/Wife (Marital Status)
Father/Mother (Parents)
Teacher/Doctor (Employment)
Ascribed Status Achieved Status
GIVE YOUR OWN STATUS SET
Ascribed Achieved
HOW DOES MASTER STATUS INFLUENCE YOUR LIFE?
Where we live How we live How long we live How far we can go
in our career ? ? ?
SECTION 1 RECAP
Social Structure and StatusMain Idea: The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen.
SO
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Objectives for Section 2 & Section Preview
Objectives: discuss how statuses and roles are
related to social structure. identify and illustrate the concepts
of social structure.
Preview People interact according to prescribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations. Sometimes conflict or strain occurs when an individual has too many roles to play.
MORE VOCABULARY FOR YOU TO DEFINE AND KNOW.
Role Rights Obligations Role Performance Social Interaction Role Conflict Role Strain
HOW ARE ROLES DIFFERENT FROM STATUS?
Role: A described behavior
Teaching students the main ideas of sociological studies.
Status A described position
An instructor of sociology.
Why would these be mistaken and how can they be confused?
HOW DO RIGHTS & OBLIGATIONS WORK TOGETHER? Teacher is obligated to
be prepared with a lesson on a daily basis, while the student has the the right to expect the teacher to be prepared with the lesson. Culture underlies the
parts played in real life.
Give another example of this principle in your own words.
TRUE/ FALSE: SOCIAL INTERACTION DOES NOT HELP TO IDENTIFY ROLE PERFORMANCE.
False Why is this the case?
Give examples to support your answers
HOW IS ACTING DIFFERENT FROM ROLE PERFORMANCE?
1. Role performance occurs without planning 2. Departures are not easy to detect between
role and role performance 3. Relationship between cues & responses
not programmed or predictable
Cultural norms keep responses limited
COPY THE FOLLOWING CHART IN YOUR NOTES. GIVE AN EXAMPLE FROM YOUR OWN LIFE THAT DEMONSTRATES THIS PRINCIPLE.
IN WHAT WAYS DO WE MANAGE ROLE CONFLICT & ROLE STRAIN?
Prioritize choose which is more important and act accordingly
Segregation separate behavior in one role from that in another
Meeting goals & expectations for all roles is impossible. Not accomplishing
some will be ok for a while, but at some point it will be judged as failing to meet expected role performance.
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What
Should
Be
Learned
From the
Example
About
Dave &
Ted?
SECTION 2 RECAP
Social Structures and RolesMain Idea: People interact according to pre- scribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations.
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Objectives for Section 3 & Section Preview
Objective: describe the means of subsistence in preindustrial societies.
Preview: The way a society provides for basic needs greatly affects its culture and social structure. Preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies meet basic needs in different ways. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, and agricultural societies.
WORDS WITH IMPORTANT MEANINGS. (PERHAPS YOU SHOULD WRITE THEM DOWN)
Society
Hunting & Gathering Society
Horticultural Society
Pastoral Society
Agricultural Society
LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY.
Nomadic Few material
possessions Family takes care of
needs No concept of
ownership No Government More leisure time
LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY.
Small groups Cooperation
(Sharing resources) Generosity &
hospitality valued No social classes Labor divided by sex
& age
ARE THERE ANY HUNTER AND GATHER SOCIETY IN TODAY’S WORLD?
Yes No
Where might they be located?
LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES.
Permanent settlements
Multi-community societies
Emphasis on providing for family
Depend more on families than others
WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF A PASTORAL SOCIETY?
Farm or trade for grain
Migration (unless alternate grazing fields)
Political & religious leaders
Creation of surplus leads to social inequality
Woman at home/ Men with the herd
Male dominated Complex division of
labor Trade for non-edible
goods
MAIN POINTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Use plows & animals Cities built Non-farming occupations rise New political, religious, & economic institutes
emerge Economic based on trade (money emerges) Due to high productivity more can become
educated, & engage is non-economic activities Government guiding force not family Distinct social classes emerged Government & Religion
USING THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE BEEN GIVEN, CATEGORIZE THE INTO THE APPROPRIATE SOCIETY.
Permanent settlements
No concept of ownership
Use plows & animals
Migration (unless alternate grazing fields)
SECTION 3 RECAP
Preindustrial SocietiesMain Idea: The way a society
provides for basic needs greatly affects its cultural and social structure. Preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies meet basic needs in different ways. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, and agricultural societies.
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Objectives for Section 4 & Section Preview
Objectives: discuss the characteristics of industrial
society. compare and contrast preindustrial,
industrial, and postindustrial societies.
Preview: The Industrial Revolution created a new type of society called industrial society. Characteristics that distinguish this society from all earlier ones include the growth of large cities and a widespread dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominately white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries. Social instability has been linked to the transition from an industrial to a postindustrial society.
MORE VOCABULARY!!! HOW HAPPY ARE WE????
Industrial Society
Mechanization
Urbanization
Gemeinschaft
Gesellschaft
Social Solidarity
Mechanical Solidarity
Organic Solidarity
Postindustrial Society
WHAT IS INVOLVED IN MOVING FROM AN AGRICULTURAL TO INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY?
-Move from simple to advanced technologies-Labor is less human driven and more machine driven-Alternative power sources-Move from farms to cities-Education moved from home to school-Distance grows between families-Love & personal choice take over from arranged marriages-Women less subordinate--Social class based more on occupation and less on parents
WHAT ARE THE 5 MAJOR FEATURES OF A POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY?
1. Majority of the labor in services
2. White collar replaces blue collar workers
3. Technology knowledge is the key organizing feature
4. Technology change is planned and assessed
5. Reliance on computer modeling in all areas
WHAT ARE MARKERS FOR SOCIAL STABILITY & INSTABILITY?
Crime
Illegitimacy
Divorce
Distrust
WHAT CAUSES A RETURN TO SOCIAL STABILITY?
Values
Norms
Because culture can change, it is used to create new social structures better used to adapt to social & economic circumstances.
SECTION 4 RECAP
Industrial and Postindustrial SocietiesMain Idea: The Industrial Revolution
created a new type of society marked by the growth of large cities and a dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominantly white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries.
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