SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIETYChapter 5

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Objectives for Section 1 & Section Preview

Objective: explain what sociologists mean by social structure.

Preview: The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called social structure. Status is one very important element of social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen.

ON YOUR OWN, DEFINE THE FOLLOWING VOCABULARY WORDS:

Social Structure Status Ascribed Status Achieved Status Status Set Master Status

LIST EXAMPLES FOR THE FOLLOWING:

Male/Female (Sex) Age Lower/Middle/Upper

Class (@ Birth) Religion

(Birth/Culture)

Husband/Wife (Marital Status)

Father/Mother (Parents)

Teacher/Doctor (Employment)

Ascribed Status Achieved Status

GIVE YOUR OWN STATUS SET

Ascribed Achieved

HOW DOES MASTER STATUS INFLUENCE YOUR LIFE?

Where we live How we live How long we live How far we can go

in our career ? ? ?

SECTION 1 RECAP

Social Structure and StatusMain Idea: The underlying pattern of social relationships in a group is called social structure. Ascribed statuses are assigned at birth; achieved statuses are earned or chosen.

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Objectives for Section 2 & Section Preview

Objectives: discuss how statuses and roles are

related to social structure. identify and illustrate the concepts

of social structure.

Preview People interact according to prescribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations. Sometimes conflict or strain occurs when an individual has too many roles to play.

MORE VOCABULARY FOR YOU TO DEFINE AND KNOW.

Role Rights Obligations Role Performance Social Interaction Role Conflict Role Strain

HOW ARE ROLES DIFFERENT FROM STATUS?

Role: A described behavior

Teaching students the main ideas of sociological studies.

Status A described position

An instructor of sociology.

Why would these be mistaken and how can they be confused?

HOW DO RIGHTS & OBLIGATIONS WORK TOGETHER? Teacher is obligated to

be prepared with a lesson on a daily basis, while the student has the the right to expect the teacher to be prepared with the lesson. Culture underlies the

parts played in real life.

Give another example of this principle in your own words.

TRUE/ FALSE: SOCIAL INTERACTION DOES NOT HELP TO IDENTIFY ROLE PERFORMANCE.

False Why is this the case?

Give examples to support your answers

HOW IS ACTING DIFFERENT FROM ROLE PERFORMANCE?

1. Role performance occurs without planning 2. Departures are not easy to detect between

role and role performance 3. Relationship between cues & responses

not programmed or predictable

Cultural norms keep responses limited

COPY THE FOLLOWING CHART IN YOUR NOTES. GIVE AN EXAMPLE FROM YOUR OWN LIFE THAT DEMONSTRATES THIS PRINCIPLE.

IN WHAT WAYS DO WE MANAGE ROLE CONFLICT & ROLE STRAIN?

Prioritize choose which is more important and act accordingly

Segregation separate behavior in one role from that in another

Meeting goals & expectations for all roles is impossible. Not accomplishing

some will be ok for a while, but at some point it will be judged as failing to meet expected role performance.

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What

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Dave &

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SECTION 2 RECAP

Social Structures and RolesMain Idea: People interact according to pre- scribed roles. These roles carry certain rights and obligations.

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Objectives for Section 3 & Section Preview

Objective: describe the means of subsistence in preindustrial societies.

Preview: The way a society provides for basic needs greatly affects its culture and social structure. Preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies meet basic needs in different ways. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, and agricultural societies.

WORDS WITH IMPORTANT MEANINGS. (PERHAPS YOU SHOULD WRITE THEM DOWN)

Society

Hunting & Gathering Society

Horticultural Society

Pastoral Society

Agricultural Society

LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY.

Nomadic Few material

possessions Family takes care of

needs No concept of

ownership No Government More leisure time

LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF A HUNTING & GATHERING SOCIETY.

Small groups Cooperation

(Sharing resources) Generosity &

hospitality valued No social classes Labor divided by sex

& age

ARE THERE ANY HUNTER AND GATHER SOCIETY IN TODAY’S WORLD?

Yes No

Where might they be located?

LIST CHARACTERISTICS OF HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES.

Permanent settlements

Multi-community societies

Emphasis on providing for family

Depend more on families than others

WHAT ARE SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF A PASTORAL SOCIETY?

Farm or trade for grain

Migration (unless alternate grazing fields)

Political & religious leaders

Creation of surplus leads to social inequality

Woman at home/ Men with the herd

Male dominated Complex division of

labor Trade for non-edible

goods

MAIN POINTS OF THE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY.

Use plows & animals Cities built Non-farming occupations rise New political, religious, & economic institutes

emerge Economic based on trade (money emerges) Due to high productivity more can become

educated, & engage is non-economic activities Government guiding force not family Distinct social classes emerged Government & Religion

USING THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE BEEN GIVEN, CATEGORIZE THE INTO THE APPROPRIATE SOCIETY.

Permanent settlements

No concept of ownership

Use plows & animals

Migration (unless alternate grazing fields)

SECTION 3 RECAP

Preindustrial SocietiesMain Idea: The way a society

provides for basic needs greatly affects its cultural and social structure. Preindustrial, industrial, and postindustrial societies meet basic needs in different ways. Preindustrial societies include hunting and gathering, horticultural, pastoral, and agricultural societies.

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Objectives for Section 4 & Section Preview

Objectives: discuss the characteristics of industrial

society. compare and contrast preindustrial,

industrial, and postindustrial societies.

Preview: The Industrial Revolution created a new type of society called industrial society. Characteristics that distinguish this society from all earlier ones include the growth of large cities and a widespread dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominately white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries. Social instability has been linked to the transition from an industrial to a postindustrial society.

MORE VOCABULARY!!! HOW HAPPY ARE WE????

Industrial Society

Mechanization

Urbanization

Gemeinschaft

Gesellschaft

Social Solidarity

Mechanical Solidarity

Organic Solidarity

Postindustrial Society

WHAT IS INVOLVED IN MOVING FROM AN AGRICULTURAL TO INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY?

-Move from simple to advanced technologies-Labor is less human driven and more machine driven-Alternative power sources-Move from farms to cities-Education moved from home to school-Distance grows between families-Love & personal choice take over from arranged marriages-Women less subordinate--Social class based more on occupation and less on parents

WHAT ARE THE 5 MAJOR FEATURES OF A POSTINDUSTRIAL SOCIETY?

1. Majority of the labor in services

2. White collar replaces blue collar workers

3. Technology knowledge is the key organizing feature

4. Technology change is planned and assessed

5. Reliance on computer modeling in all areas

WHAT ARE MARKERS FOR SOCIAL STABILITY & INSTABILITY?

Crime

Illegitimacy

Divorce

Distrust

WHAT CAUSES A RETURN TO SOCIAL STABILITY?

Values

Norms

Because culture can change, it is used to create new social structures better used to adapt to social & economic circumstances.

SECTION 4 RECAP

Industrial and Postindustrial SocietiesMain Idea: The Industrial Revolution

created a new type of society marked by the growth of large cities and a dependence on machines and technology. Postindustrial society has a predominantly white-collar labor force that is concentrated in service industries.