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Small is beautiful: AGL physical modeling and salt measurements
N. Dyaur, R. Stewart, and L. Huang
Houston May 16, 2013
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Introduction & motivation • Why physical modeling?
• AGL physical modeling system
• Scaled models of resource interest
– laser-etched glass
– 3D printed materials
– Inclusions and injection
• Fracture results
• Ultrasonic measurements on salt & sediments
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100 kHz to 5 MHz sources and receivers Use 10,000 factor to compare to seismic: 100 kHz = 10 Hz, 5MHz = 500 Hz
Schematic diagram of ultrasonic system
Source
Receiver
Source
Source
Microseismic experiment
Receiver
Receiver
Marine System Land System Measurement system
Receiver stations
Source
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AGL Ultrasonic Research Systems Marine system
Land System
Ultrasonic measurement system 4
Part of Models Glass models
Frac
ture
Mo
de
ling
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Example of CMP profiles in ultrasonic experiment in laser fractured glass
OFF Fracture ON Fracture
Direct Arrival
P-Wave Reflection from Glass Bottom
C-Wave Reflection from Glass Bottom
Shear-Wave Reflection from Glass Bottom
Shear-Wave Reflection from Glass Bottom
P-wave Reflection from Top of Fracture
P-wave Reflection from Base of Fracture
(processed by Bode Omoboya)
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3D printed models
51 mm
51 mm
51 mm
Prism A
Prism B
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HTI
VTI
Hydraulic fracture model with horizontal well
X Y
Z
Model PM 4 (real)
Image patch of fracture in PM 3 (microscope)
Model PM 4 (drawing)
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Vertical fractures
Tilted fractures
Horizontal fracture
Combination of fracture systems
Future of Modeling with 3D printed material
3D printed Material
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Halite Core from a salt dome.
Core as it was delivered to AGL
This part of core was cut for ultrasonic measurements
Core 1 Core 2
763mm
10
1.6
mm
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Test N Vp, Km/s Vs, km/s Vp/Vs
1 4.512 2.611 1.728
2 4.532 2.624 1.728
3 4.521 2.609 1.733
Average 4.522 2.615 1.729
Velocity of Compressional wave (Vp) and Shear wave (Vs) along of axis of Salt core. Density.
Table 1. Results of three tests : Velocity Vp and Vs, and Vp/Vs ratio
Ultrasonic transducers for P- and S-wave Velocity measurements with central frequency 500 kHz
Density: Core 1 – 2.124 g/ cm3
Core 2 – 2.054 g/ cm3
Ro of salt core – 2.09±0.04 g/ cm3
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Salt core in device for anisotropy measurement.
Angle meter (Azimuth)
a) Front view
b) Top view Ultrasonic transducers , Used Shear wave transducers – 0.5 MHz central frequency
Salt core
Device
Salt core
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Azimuthal velocity of Compressional (Vp1) and Shear (Vs1) waves for section 1 of salt core-2 Azimuth was taken a confidential.
Vel
oci
ty, k
m/s
Vp Vs
Section 1
4.2
4.4
4.60
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
4.2
4.4
4.6
Vp1 av
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.70
30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
Vs
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Pressure dependent velocity (Vp and Vs) measurement within sample of core 2 (De-hua-Han Rock Physics Lab, UH, AGL)
Halite cylindrical sample
(D=36.84mm, L=50.36mm)
Vp and Vs of Salt core 2 under Confining pressure
Vp
Vs
Vp/Vs versus confining pressure
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Conclusions:
AGL physical modeling Laboratory has 3 Ultrasonic research systems:
a) Marine, b) Land, c) Ultrasonic measurement system.
They are used for modeling seismic survey, microseismic monitoring tests,
time-lapse seismic, and characterization of rocks and material elastic
properties.
Seismic physical modeling solve the geophysical problems in more
economical and fast way.
Study properties of rocks support in interpreting field data
3D printing material gives new opportunity for physical modeling of reservoir
or rocks containing tectonic or hydraulic fractures in anisotropic medium.
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Dr. Peter Copeland Mr. Jose Baez-Franceschi Dr. De-hua Han Mr. Q. Yao Mr. F. Yan
Students of AGL
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