View
225
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
8/12/2019 Shoping Mall
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/shoping-mall 1/5
INTRIDUCTION
A shopping mall, shopping center/centre, shopping arcade, shopping precinct,or simply mall is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representing
merchandisers, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to walk from unit
to unit. Other establishments including movie theaters and restaurants are also
often included.
As traders moved into more spacious shops in the early 19th century high
streets developed, but wealthier people (who could afford to travel to city centres
for pleasure) started wanting shelter from rain, so shopping arcades were
developed. With new innovations like escalatorsthese evolved into shoppingcentres and with the rise of the automobile these evolved into shopping malls.[
citation
needed ]
From early on, the design tended to be inward-facing, with malls following
theories of how customers could best be enticed in a controlled environment.
Similar, the concept of a mall having one or more "anchor stores" or " big box
stores" was pioneered early, with individual stores or smaller-scale chain
stores intended to benefit from the shoppers attracted by the big stores.[1]
A shopping mall, shopping center/centre, shopping arcade, shopping precinct,or simply mall is one or more buildings forming a complex of shops representingmerchandisers, with interconnecting walkways enabling visitors to walk from unit
to unit. Other establishments including movie theaters and restaurants are alsooften included.
As traders moved into more spacious shops in the early 19th century high
streets developed, but wealthier people (who could afford to travel to city centresfor pleasure) started wanting shelter from rain, so shopping arcades were
developed. With new innovations like escalatorsthese evolved into shopping
centres and with the rise of the automobile these evolved into shopping malls.
[citation
needed ]
From early on, the design tended to be inward-facing, with malls following
theories of how customers could best be enticed in a controlled environment.Similar, the concept of a mall having one or more "anchor stores" or " big box
stores" was pioneered early, with individual stores or smaller-scale chainstores intended to benefit from the shoppers attracted by the big stores.
8/12/2019 Shoping Mall
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/shoping-mall 2/5
Histoty
One of the earliest examples of public shopping malls come from Ancient Rome in
forums where shopping markets were located. One of the earliest public shoppingcenters is Trajan's Market in Rome located in Trajan's Forum. Trajan's Market was
probably built around 100-110 AD by Apollodorus of Damascus, and is thought to be the
world's oldest shopping center and a forerunner for the shopping mall.[4][5] The Grand
Bazaar of Istanbul was built in the 15th century and is still one of the largest covered
shopping centers in the world, with more than 58 streets and 4,000 shops. Numerous
other covered shopping arcades, such as the 19th-century Al-Hamidiyah
Souq in Damascus, Syria, might also be considered precursors to the present-day
shopping mall.[6]
Isfahan's Grand Bazaar , which is largely covered, dates from the 10th
century. The 10 kilometer long covered Tehran's Grand Bazaar also has a long history.
Gostiny Dvor in St. Petersburg, which opened in 1785, may be regarded as one of the
first purposely-built mall-type shopping complexes, as it consisted of more than 100
shops covering an area of over 53,000 m2 (570,000 sq ft).
The Marché des Enfants-Rouges in Paris opened in 1628 and still runs today.
The Oxford Covered Market in Oxford, England opened in 1774 and still runs today.
The Passage du Caire was opened in Paris in 1798.[7] The Burlington Arcade in London
was opened in 1819. The Arcade in Providence, Rhode Island introduced the retailarcade concept to the United States in 1828.
[8] The Galleria Vittorio Emanuele
II in Milan, Italyf ollowed in the 1870s and is closer to large modern malls in
spaciousness. Other large cities created arcades and shopping centers in the late 19th
century and early 20th century, including the Cleveland Arcade, Dayton
Arcade and Moscow's GUM, which opened in 1890. Early shopping centers designed
for the automobile include Market Square, Lake Forest, Illinois (1916), and Country Club
Plaza,Kansas City, Missouri (1924).
An early indoor mall prototype in the United States was the Lake View Store at MorganPark, Duluth, Minnesota, which was built in 1915 and held its grand opening on July 20,
1916. The architect was Dean and Dean from Chicago and the building contractor was
George H. Lounsberry from Duluth. The building is two stories with a full basement, and
shops were originally located on all three levels. All of the stores were located within the
interior of the mall; some shops were accessible from inside and out.
8/12/2019 Shoping Mall
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/shoping-mall 3/5
In the mid-20th century, with the rise of the suburb and automobile culture in the United
States, a new style of shopping center was created away from downtown.[9]
Mall
construction in America was encouraged by the accelerated depreciation laws of 1954,
which incentivized greenfield development on the urban fringe. A second stimulus came
from legislation passed in 1960, which allowed investors to band together in REITs
(Real Estate Investment Trusts) to avoid corporate income taxes. The laws helped to
shape the familiar exurban landscape of malls, motels and fast food chains.[10]
Great Western Arcade, Birmingham, built 1865
Early examples[edit]
The Cleveland Arcade was among the first indoor shopping arcades in the US and an
architectural triumph. When the building opened in 1890, two sides of the arcade had
1,600 panes of glass set in iron framing and is a prime example of Victorian
architecture.
The early shopping center in the United States took shape at the Grandview Avenue
Shopping Center (the "Bank Block") in Grandview Heights, Ohio in 1928, the first
regional shopping center in America that integrated parking into the design. This
general plan by Don Monroe Casto Sr. became the prototype of shopping centers for
several decades.[11] Other important shopping centers built in the 1920s and early
1930s include Country Club Plaza inKansas City, Missouri, the Highland Park
Village in Dallas, Texas; River Oaks in Houston, Texas; and the Park and Shop
in Washington, D.C..
8/12/2019 Shoping Mall
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/shoping-mall 4/5
The suburban shopping center concept evolved further in the United States after World
War II. Bellevue Shopping Square (now known as Bellevue Square) opened in 1946
in Bellevue, Washington, a suburb of Seattle. Town & Country Village also opened in
1946 inSacramento, California.[12] Then came the Broadway-Crenshaw Center (known
today asBaldwin Hills Crenshaw Plaza), which was dedicated, in Los Angeles, in 1947.
Two more suburban shopping centers were completed in 1949. Town and Country
Drive-In Shopping Center (Town and Country Shopping Center ), in Whitehall, Ohio was
a strip-type complex erected in the environs of Columbus, Ohio. Park Forest, Illinois'
Park Forest Plaza (Park Forest Downtown) was built along the lines of a cluster-type
complex. It was situated in the southern suburbs of Chicago, Illinois.
The suburban shopping mall, as Americans came to know it, came into being with the
opening of Seattle's Northgate Center (presently known as Northgate Mall) in April
1950. This was followed by Lakewood Center (1951), in Lakewood,California; Shoppers' World (1951), in Framingham, Massachusetts;
[13] Stonestown
Center (now Stonestown Galleria) (1952) in San Francisco, California; and Northland
Center (1954), in Southfield, Michigan. Open-air-type malls were also built in Canada
and Australia. Don Mills Convenience Centre (nowShops at Don Mills) opened in 1955,
in Toronto, Ontario. Chermside Drive-In Shopping Centre started trading to the public in
1957, inBrisbane, Australia.
The fully enclosed shopping mall did not appear until the mid-1950s. One of the earliest
examples includes the Valley Fair Shopping Center in Appleton WI
[14]
which opened inMarch 1955. Valley Fair featured a number of modern features including a large parking
area, anchor stores and restaurants.[15] The idea of a regional-sized, fully enclosed
shopping complex was pioneered in 1956 by the Austrian-born architect and American
immigrant Victor Gruen.[16]
This new generation of regional-sized shopping centers
began with the Gruen-designed Southdale Center , which opened in the Twin
Cities suburb of Edina, Minnesota, USA in October 1956. For pioneering the soon-to-be
enormously popular mall concept in this form, Gruen has been called the "most
influential architect of the twentieth century" by Malcolm Gladwell.[17]
The first retail complex to be promoted as a "mall" was Paramu
8/12/2019 Shoping Mall
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/shoping-mall 5/5
Objectives
To play an anchor’s role in the evolution of the Indian shopping centre industry and to
consolidate the entity of individual shopping centre, helping it merge into the larger society as an
institution of importance, through:
Developing the distinct function of the shopping centre towards marketing of goods and
services;
Building up – and inspiring – a body of focused research into the architecture, aesthetic and
design aspects of shopping centre’s;
Encouraging the development and spread of sophisticate management paradigm and
maintenance methods;
Being a knowledge resource centre that collects, analyses and disseminates information on
techniques of profitable operation;
Delving into macro economic, legislative and marketing factors with bearing on the shopping
centre industry; and
Guiding members to come on their own as credible, responsible and forward-thinking
stewards in the arena of shopping centre development and management.
Recommended